As
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-109599
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus Dated December 16, 2003)
5,000,000 Shares
7.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock
Liquidation Preference $25.00 Per Share
We are offering 5,000,000 shares of our 7.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share, which we refer to as our "Series I Preferred Stock." We will pay to investors cumulative dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock from March 1, 2004 in the amount of $1.875 per share each year, which is equivalent to 7.50% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share. Dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock will be payable quarterly in arrears, beginning on June 15, 2004. The shares of Series I Preferred Stock have no stated maturity, will not be subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption and will not be convertible into any other securities. Holders of shares of Series I Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights, but will have limited voting rights if we fail to pay dividends for six or more quarters and in certain other events.
Except in limited circumstances to preserve our status as a real estate investment trust, we may not redeem the Series I Preferred Stock until March 1, 2009. On or after March 1, 2009, we may, at our option, redeem the Series I Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, for cash at $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to and including the redemption date. Any partial redemption will generally be on a pro rata basis.
No market currently exists for our Series I Preferred Stock. We intend to apply to list our Series I Preferred Stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SFI PrI." We expect that trading will commence within 30 days after the initial delivery of the Series I Preferred Stock. Our common stock currently trades on the NYSE under the symbol "SFI."
See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-7 in this prospectus supplement and page two of the accompanying prospectus for a discussion of the risks relevant to an investment in our Series I Preferred Stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
|
Per Share |
Total |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public offering price(1) | $ | 25.00 | $ | 125,000,000 | ||
Underwriting discount | $ | .7875 | $ | 3,937,500 | ||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us | $ | 24.2125 | $ | 121,062,500 |
The underwriters expect that the shares of Series I Preferred Stock will be ready for delivery in book-entry form through The Depository Trust Company on or about March 1, 2004.
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Sole Book-Running Manager
McDonald Investments Inc. | Stifel, Nicolaus & Company Incorporated |
|
Advest, Inc. | BB&T Capital Markets |
The date of this prospectus supplement is February 25, 2004.
We make statements in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference that are considered "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are usually identified by the use of words such as "will," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "plans," "intends," "should" or similar expressions. We intend these forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995 and are including this statement for purposes of complying with those safe harbor provisions. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations as reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. We have discussed in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus some important risks, uncertainties and contingencies which could cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from the forward-looking statements we make in these documents.
We assume no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In evaluating forward-looking statements, you should consider these risks and uncertainties, together with the other risks described from time to time in our reports and documents filed with the SEC, and you should not place undue reliance on those statements.
i
This summary may not contain all the information that may be important to you. You should read the entire prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus, as well as the documents incorporated by reference in them, before making an investment decision. All references to "we" or "us" in this prospectus supplement refer to iStar Financial Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. For the definition of EBITDA and for a detailed reconciliation of EBITDA to net income determined in accordance with GAAP, see "Ratios of EBITDA to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends and EBITDA to Interest Expense."
iStar Financial Inc.
We are the leading publicly traded finance company focused exclusively on the commercial real estate industry. We provide custom-tailored financing to high-end private and corporate owners of real estate nationwide, including senior and junior mortgage debt, senior, mezzanine and subordinated corporate capital, and corporate net lease financing. Our objective is to generate consistent and attractive returns on our invested capital by providing innovative and value-added financing solutions to our customers. We are taxed as a real estate investment trust. As of September 30, 2003, our total enterprise value (market value of equity plus book value of preferred stock and debt, less cash balances) was $8.4 billion, and our EBITDA and net income for the twelve months ended September 30, 2003 were $523.0 million and $275.6 million, respectively.
By capitalizing on our competitive strengths, we have delivered consistent financial performance, developed a high-quality, diversified asset base and established ourselves as a reliable provider of financial solutions for our customers. We have maintained strong credit statistics and have consistently grown our EBITDA since the quarter ended June 1998, our first quarter as a public company. Between that quarter and the quarter ended September 30, 2003, we grew our EBITDA and net income from approximately $30.7 million and $19.9 million, respectively, to $134.6 million and $74.9 million, respectively.
We began our business in 1993 through private investment funds formed to take advantage of the lack of well-capitalized lenders capable of servicing the needs of high-end customers in our markets. During our ten-year history, we have structured or originated $9.0 billion of financing commitments.
Recent Developments
Adjusted earnings allocable to common shareholders for the fourth quarter of 2003 were $91.2 million on a diluted basis, compared to $74.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2002. Net income allocable to common shareholders for the fourth quarter of 2003 was $68.8 million, or $0.64 per diluted common share, compared to $53.7 million, or $0.56 per diluted common share for the fourth quarter of 2002. Net investment income for the quarter ended December 31, 2003 increased to a record $90.5 million, up 14.9% from $78.8 million for the fourth quarter of 2002. Net investment income represents interest income, operating lease income and equity in earnings from joint ventures and unconsolidated subsidiaries, less interest expense and operating costs for corporate tenant lease assets and loss from early extinguishment of debt, in each case, in accordance with GAAP. For a discussion of how we compute adjusted earnings, including a reconciliation to net income, see the table below.
During the fourth quarter of 2003, we closed 16 new financing commitments for a total of $456.0 million, of which $450.7 million was funded during the quarter. In addition, we funded $12.9 million under nine pre-existing commitments and received $251.7 million in principal repayments.
Adjusted earnings allocable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2003 were $338.5 million, or $3.25 per diluted share, compared to $262.8 million, or $2.83 per diluted share, including a $15.0 million non-cash charge related to performance-based vesting of restricted shares
S-1
granted under our long-term incentive plan, for the same period in 2002. Net income allocable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $253.2 million, or $2.43 per diluted share, compared to $178.4 million, or $1.93 per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2002.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003, we generated returns on average book assets and average common book equity of 6.2% and 18.9%, respectively, while leverage was 1.7x book equity. Net investment income and total revenue both increased to record levels of $353.2 million and $606.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2003, respectively, from $282.8 million and $520.3 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2002.
On February 23, 2004, we redeemed all 2,000,000 outstanding shares of our 9.375% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and all 1,300,000 outstanding shares of our 9.20% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. The redemption price for the Series B Preferred Stock was $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends to the redemption date of $0.46 per share. The redemption price for the Series C Preferred Stock was $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends to the redemption date of $0.45 per share. The redemption was funded with the proceeds of the issuance of our Series H Variable Rate Preferred Stock, which was subsequently redeemed.
On January 15, 2004, we issued $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 4.875% Senior Notes due 2009 to qualified institutional investors in a transaction complying with Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 144A. We used the net proceeds from the sale of the notes to repay outstanding secured indebtedness.
On December 16, 2003, we sold 5,000,000 shares of our common stock in an underwritten public offering. We received net proceeds of approximately $191 million, which we used to repay indebtedness outstanding under one of our secured credit facilities.
On December 9, 2003, we completed an underwritten public offering of 3,200,000 shares of our 7.65% Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, having a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share. The Series G Preferred Stock was issued in exchange for 1,600,000 shares of our 9.5% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, having a liquidation preference of $50.00 per share. We did not receive any cash proceeds from this offering. As a result of this transaction, we have retired all of our Series A Preferred Stock.
On December 5, 2003, we issued $350 million aggregate principal amount of our 6.0% Senior Notes due 2010 and $150 million aggregate principal amount of our 6.5% Senior Notes due 2013 in an underwritten public offering. We used the net proceeds from the sale of the notes to repay a portion of our outstanding secured indebtedness.
The results of the year ended December 31, 2003 are preliminary and unaudited.
Adjusted Earnings
Adjusted earnings represents net income to common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP, before depreciation, amortization, gain (loss) from discontinued operations, extraordinary items and cumulative effect of change in accounting principle. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures reflect our share of adjusted earnings calculated on the same basis.
We believe that to facilitate a clear understanding of our historical operating results, adjusted earnings should be examined in conjunction with net income as shown in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Adjusted earnings should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our performance, or to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs or available for distribution to our shareholders. Our management believes that adjusted earnings more closely approximates operating cash flow and is a
S-2
useful measure for investors to consider, in conjunction with net income and other GAAP measures, in evaluating our financial performance. This is primarily because we are a commercial finance company that focuses on real estate lending and corporate tenant leasing; therefore, our net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) reflects significant non-cash depreciation expense on corporate tenant lease assets. It should be noted that our manner of calculating adjusted earnings may differ from the calculation of similarly-titled measures by other companies.
|
Three Months Ended December 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2003 |
2002 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||
Adjusted Earnings: | ||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 79,580 | $ | 62,976 | $ | 292,157 | $ | 215,270 | ||||||
Add: Joint venture income | 43 | 249 | 593 | 991 | ||||||||||
Add: Depreciation | 15,236 | 12,988 | 55,905 | 48,041 | ||||||||||
Add: Joint venture depreciation and amortization | 4,416 | 1,042 | 7,417 | 4,433 | ||||||||||
Add: Amortization | 7,051 | 6,258 | 27,180 | 31,676 | ||||||||||
Less: Preferred dividends | (10,196 | ) | (9,227 | ) | (36,908 | ) | (36,908 | ) | ||||||
Less: Gain from discontinued operations | (4,203 | ) | | (5,167 | ) | (717 | ) | |||||||
Adjusted earnings allocable to common shareholders and HPU holders: (1)(2) | ||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 91,884 | $ | 74,037 | $ | 340,584 | $ | 261,795 | ||||||
Diluted | $ | 91,927 | $ | 74,286 | $ | 341,177 | $ | 262,786 | ||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | ||||||||||||||
Basic | 102,603 | 93,671 | 100,314 | 89,886 | ||||||||||
Diluted(3) | 107,637 | 96,650 | 104,248 | 93,020 | ||||||||||
Common shares outstanding at end of period: | ||||||||||||||
Basic | 107,215 | 98,114 | 107,215 | 98,114 | ||||||||||
Diluted | 112,132 | 101,217 | 112,132 | 101,217 |
Explanatory Note:
First Quarter Earnings Charges
As we have previously announced, we expect to incur charges to adjusted earnings and net income of approximately $109 million in the first quarter of 2004. These charges include an estimated charge of $80.0 million relating to the full vesting of 2.0 million incentive shares awarded to our Chief Executive Officer under his March 2001 employment agreement with us. The actual amount of the charge will depend upon the closing price of our common stock on March 30, 2004; the estimated charge of $80.0 million assumes a common stock price of $40.00. The first quarter charges include a charge of $10.0 million relating to a one-time award of common stock granted to our Chief Executive Officer in connection with a new three-year employment agreement with us that will go into effect when the
S-3
current agreement expires on March 30, 2004. The first quarter charges also include $4.0 million related to the vesting of 100,000 restricted performance shares awarded to our Chief Financial Officer when she joined us in 2002. In addition, we will issue 155,000 shares of common stock to the principals of a company that we acquired in 2000, representing the final installment of contingent consideration that we will pay to the principals in respect of the acquisition. We estimate that the charge for the 155,000 shares will be approximately $6.2 million (assuming a common stock price of $40.00 on the vesting date).
Finally, the estimated first quarter charges include a charge of $9.0 million relating to the redemption of our 9.375% Series B and 9.2% Series C Preferred Stock. This amount reflects the discount at which we currently reflect the Series B and Series C Preferred Stock in our financial statements.
The estimated first quarter 2004 charges that we previously announced do not include the charge that we will recognize as a result of the redemption of a portion of our 8.75% Senior Notes due 2008 with the net proceeds of this offering. We expect to recognize an aggregate charge to first quarter 2004 net income and adjusted earnings of approximately $11.5 million and $9.6 million, respectively, in connection with the redemption, due to the redemption premium we will pay. We expect to complete the redemption in the first quarter of 2004; accordingly, we will also recognize the charge in the first quarter of 2004.
Our principal executive offices are located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, and our telephone number is (212) 930-9400. Our website is www.istarfinancial.com. The information on our website is not considered part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. Our six primary regional offices are located in Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Denver, Hartford and San Francisco. iStar Asset Services, our loan servicing subsidiary, is located in Hartford, and iStar Real Estate Services, our corporate facilities management division, is headquartered in Atlanta.
S-4
The Offering
The following is a brief summary of certain terms of this offering. For a more complete description of the terms of the Series I Preferred Stock, see "Description of the Series I Preferred Stock" in this prospectus supplement.
Issuer | iStar Financial Inc. | |
Securities Offered |
5,000,000 shares of 7.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. |
|
Dividends |
Investors will be entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock at a rate of 7.50% per year of the $25.00 liquidation preference (equivalent to $1.875 per year per share). Beginning on June 15, 2004, dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock will be payable quarterly in arrears on or before March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15 of each year, or if not a business day, the next succeeding business day. Dividends paid to investors on the Series I Preferred Stock will be cumulative from March 1, 2004. The first dividend we pay on June 15, 2004 will be for more than a full quarter. |
|
Liquidation Preference |
If we liquidate, dissolve or wind up, holders of the Series I Preferred Stock will have the right to receive $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) to the date of payment, before any payments are made to the holders of our common stock and any other of our equity securities ranking junior to the Series I Preferred Stock as to liquidation rights. The rights of the holders of the Series I Preferred Stock to receive their liquidation preference will be subject to the proportionate rights of each other series or class of our equity securities ranking on parity with the Series I Preferred Stock, including our outstanding Series D, E, F and G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. |
|
Maturity |
The Series I Preferred Stock has no maturity date and we are not required to redeem the Series I Preferred Stock. Accordingly, the Series I Preferred Stock will remain outstanding indefinitely, unless we decide to redeem it. We are not required to set aside funds to redeem the Series I Preferred Stock. |
|
Optional Redemption |
We may not redeem the Series I Preferred Stock prior to March 1, 2009, except in limited circumstances to preserve our status as a REIT. On or after March 1, 2009, we may, at our option, redeem the Series I Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, for cash at $25.00 per share, plus accrued and unpaid dividends, if any, to and including the redemption date. Any partial redemption generally will be on a pro rata basis. |
|
Ranking |
The Series I Preferred Stock will rank senior to our common stock and on parity with our Series D, E, F and G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of distributions and amounts upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. |
|
S-5
Voting Rights |
Holders of the Series I Preferred Stock will generally have no voting rights. However, if dividends on any outstanding Series I Preferred Stock have not been paid for six or more quarterly periods (whether or not consecutive), holders of the Series I Preferred Stock, voting as a class with the holders of all other classes or series of our equity securities ranking on parity with the Series I Preferred Stock which are entitled to similar voting rights, will be entitled to elect two additional directors to our board of directors to serve until all unpaid dividends have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In addition, certain material and adverse changes to the terms of the Series I Preferred Stock cannot be made and certain other actions may not be taken without the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock. |
|
Listing |
We intend to apply to list the Series I Preferred Stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SFI PrI." We expect that trading on the NYSE will commence within 30 days after the initial delivery of the Series I Preferred Stock. |
|
Settlement Date |
Delivery of the shares of Series I Preferred Stock will be made against payment therefor on or about March 1, 2004. |
|
Form |
The Series I Preferred Stock will be maintained in book-entry form registered in the name of the nominee of The Depository Trust Company, except under limited circumstances. |
|
No Conversion |
The Series I Preferred Stock is not convertible into or exchangeable for any other of our property or securities. |
|
Restrictions on Ownership |
In order to ensure that we remain a qualified REIT for federal income tax purposes, no person may own more than 9.8% of the number or value of our outstanding shares of capital stock, with some exceptions. See "Description of Common Stock and Preferred StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfers" in the accompanying prospectus. |
|
Use of Proceeds |
The net proceeds from the offering will be approximately $121.0 million. We intend to use the net proceeds to redeem approximately $110.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 83/4% Senior Notes due 2008. |
|
Risk Factors |
See "Risk Factors" beginning on page S-7 of this prospectus supplement and page two of the accompanying prospectus, and the other information contained herein for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in the Series I Preferred Stock. |
|
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges |
See "Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends and Earnings to Fixed Charges" on page S-8 of this prospectus supplement. |
S-6
This section describes some, but not all, of the risks of purchasing our Series I Preferred Stock in the offering. You should carefully consider these risks, and the risks described under the corresponding heading beginning on page two of the accompanying prospectus, before purchasing our Series I Preferred Stock in the offering. In connection with the forward-looking statements that appear in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, you should also carefully review the cautionary statements referred to in "Forward-Looking Statements."
The Series I Preferred Stock is a new issuance and does not have an established trading market, which may negatively affect its market value and your ability to transfer or sell your shares; the Series I Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date.
The shares of Series I Preferred Stock are a new issue of securities with no established trading market. Since the securities have no stated maturity date, investors seeking liquidity will be limited to selling their shares in the secondary market. We intend to apply to list the Series I Preferred Stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SFI PrI." We expect that trading will commence within 30 days after the initial delivery of the Series I Preferred Stock. However, an active trading market on the New York Stock Exchange for the shares may not develop or, even if it develops, may not last, in which case the trading price of the shares could be adversely affected and your ability to transfer your shares of Series I Preferred Stock will be limited. We have been advised by the underwriters that they intend to make a market in the Series I Preferred Stock, but they are not obligated to do so and may discontinue market-making at any time without notice.
Numerous factors affect the trading price of the Series I Preferred Stock.
The trading price of our Series I Preferred Stock may depend on many factors, including:
The Series I Preferred Stock is subordinated to existing and future debt.
Payment of amounts due on our Series I Preferred Stock will be subordinated to all of our existing and future debt and will be structurally subordinated to the payment of dividends on preferred stock, if any, issued by our subsidiaries. The Series I Preferred Stock will rank on a parity with our Series D Cumulative Reedemable Preferred Stock, Series E Cumulative Reedemable Preferred Stock, Series F Cumulative Reedemable Preferred Stock and Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends. In addition, we may issue additional Series I Preferred Stock and/or shares of another class or series of preferred stock ranking on a parity with the Series I Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up. These factors may affect the trading price of the Series I Preferred Stock.
S-7
The net proceeds from the offering will be approximately $121.0 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and expenses of the offering. We intend to use the net proceeds to redeem approximately $110.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 83/4% Senior Notes due 2008 pursuant to our right under the indenture governing the notes to redeem up to 35% of the original principal amount of the notes with the net proceeds of a qualified equity offering. The redemption price per $1,000 principal amount of notes will be $1,087.50.
RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 |
Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
||||||||
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends(1) | 2.1 | x | 1.8 | x | 1.9 | x | 1.9 | x | 1.1 | x(2) | 2.3 | x | |
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1) | 2.5 | x | 2.1 | x | 2.3 | x | 2.2 | x | 1.4 | x(2) | 2.3 | x |
RATIOS OF EBITDA TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS AND EBITDA TO INTEREST EXPENSE
The table below presents our ratio of EBITDA to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends and our ratio of EBITDA to interest expense. EBITDA should be examined in conjunction with net income as shown in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the nine months ended September 30, 2003 and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002. EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our performance, or to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity, nor is either measure indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs or available for distribution to shareholders. Our management believes that EBITDA more closely approximates operating cash flow and that EBITDA and the ratios of EBITDA to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends and EBITDA to interest expense are useful measures for investors to consider, in conjunction with net income, ratio of earnings to fixed charges and other GAAP measures, in evaluating a commercial finance company that focuses on real estate lending and corporate tenant leasing, because our net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) includes significant non-cash depreciation expense on
S-8
corporate tenant lease assets. It should be noted that our manner of calculating EBITDA may differ from the calculations of similarly-titled measures by other companies.
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 |
Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
||||||||
Ratio of EBITDA to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends(1) | 2.3 | x | 2.0 | x | 2.1 | x | 2.0 | x | 2.0 | x | 2.4 | x | |
Ratio of EBITDA to GAAP interest expense(1) | 2.7 | x | 2.3 | x | 2.5 | x | 2.4 | x | 2.6 | x | 2.4 | x |
Reconciliation of GAAP Net Income to EBITDA:
|
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2003 |
Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|||||||||||||
|
(In thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 212,578 | $ | 215,270 | $ | 229,912 | $ | 217,586 | $ | 38,886 | $ | 59,903 | ||||||
Add: Interest expense | 145,357 | 197,541 | 171,594 | 174,446 | 91,159 | 44,697 | ||||||||||||
Add: Depreciation and amortization | 40,483 | 47,821 | 35,411 | 34,384 | 10,324 | 4,287 | ||||||||||||
Add: Minority interest in consolidated entities | 119 | 162 | 218 | 195 | 41 | 54 | ||||||||||||
Add: Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle | | | 282 | | | | ||||||||||||
Less: (Loss) income from discontinued operations | (1,555 | ) | (3,583 | ) | (5,299 | ) | (3,155 | ) | (107 | ) | | |||||||
Less: Gain from discontinued operations | (964 | ) | (717 | ) | (1,145 | ) | (2,948 | ) | | | ||||||||
Add: Costs incurred in acquiring former external advisor | | | | | 94,476 | | ||||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 396,018 | $ | 456,494 | (1) | $ | 430,973 | $ | 420,508 | $ | 234,779 | $ | 108,941 | |||||
S-9
DESCRIPTION OF THE SERIES I PREFERRED STOCK
This description of the particular terms of the Series I Preferred Stock supplements, and to the extent inconsistent therewith replaces, the description of the general terms and provisions of our preferred stock set forth in the accompanying prospectus, to which description reference is hereby made.
General
We are authorized to issue up to 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, with such terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption, in each case, if any, as are permitted by Maryland law and as our board of directors may determine by adoption of an amendment to our charter, without any further vote or action by our stockholders. See "Description of Common Stock and Preferred StockPreferred Stock" in the accompanying prospectus. Our board of directors has adopted articles supplementary to our charter establishing the number and fixing the terms, designations, powers, preferences, rights, limitations and restrictions of a series of our preferred stock classified as 7.50% Series I Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. Our board of directors has authorized up to 5,000,000 shares of Series I Preferred Stock. This offering relates to 5,000,000 shares of Series I Preferred Stock. The Series I Preferred Stock is a series of our preferred stock.
We intend to apply to list the Series I Preferred Stock on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "SFI PrI." We expect that trading will commence within 30 days after the initial delivery of the Series I Preferred Stock.
The following summary of the terms and provisions of the Series I Preferred Stock does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the pertinent sections of our charter and the articles supplementary creating the Series I Preferred Stock, each of which is available from us.
Ranking
The Series I Preferred Stock will rank senior to our common stock and on a parity with our Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series D Preferred Stock"), Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series E Preferred Stock"), Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series F Preferred Stock") and Series G Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series G Preferred Stock") with respect to the payment of dividends.
Dividends
Holders of shares of the Series I Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when and as authorized by our board of directors, out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, cumulative preferential cash dividends at the rate of 7.50% per annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference (equivalent to a fixed annual rate of $1.875 per share). Such dividends shall be cumulative from March 1, 2004, and shall be payable to investors quarterly in arrears on or before the 15th day of each March, June, September and December or, if not a business day, the next succeeding business day (each, a "Dividend Payment Date"). The first dividend, which will be paid on June 15, 2004, will be for more than a full quarter. Such dividend and any dividend payable on the Series I Preferred Stock for any partial dividend period will be computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months. Dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear in our stock records at the close of business on the applicable record date, which shall be the first day of the calendar month in which the applicable Dividend Payment Date falls or on such other date designated by our board of directors for the payment of dividends that is not more than 30 nor less than 10 days prior to such Dividend Payment Date (each, a "Dividend Record Date").
S-10
No dividends on shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall be declared by us or paid or set apart for payment by us at such time as the terms and provisions of any of our agreements, including any agreement relating to our indebtedness, prohibit such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or provide that such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder, or if such declaration or payment shall be restricted or prohibited by law.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock will accrue whether or not we have earnings, whether or not there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and whether or not such dividends are declared. Accrued but unpaid dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock will accumulate as of the Dividend Payment Date on which they first become payable.
Except as set forth in the next sentence, unless full cumulative dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof is set apart for payment for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend period, no dividends (other than in shares of common stock or in shares of any series of preferred stock ranking junior to the Series I Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation) shall be declared or paid or set aside for payment nor shall any other distribution be declared or made upon any of our common stock or preferred stock ranking junior to or on a parity with the Series I Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation, nor shall any shares of our common stock or preferred stock ranking junior to or on a parity with the Series I Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration (or any moneys be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any such shares) by us (except by conversion into or exchange for our other capital stock ranking junior to the Series I Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation and except for transfers made pursuant to the provisions of our charter relating to restrictions on ownership and transfers of our capital stock).
When dividends are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not so set apart) upon the Series I Preferred Stock and the shares of any other series of preferred stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series I Preferred Stock, all dividends declared upon the Series I Preferred Stock and any other series of preferred stock ranking on a parity as to dividends with the Series I Preferred Stock shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share of Series I Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued dividends per share on the Series I Preferred Stock and such other series of preferred stock (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid dividends for prior dividend periods if such preferred stock does not have a cumulative dividend) bear to each other. No interest, or sum of money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on the Series I Preferred Stock which may be in arrears.
Holders of shares of the Series I Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any dividend, whether payable in cash, property or stock, in excess of full cumulative dividends on the Series I Preferred Stock as provided above. Any dividend payment made on shares of the Series I Preferred Stock shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividend due with respect to such shares which remains payable.
Liquidation Preference
Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs, the holders of shares of Series I Preferred Stock are entitled to be paid out of our assets that are legally available for distribution to our stockholders a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment, before any distribution of assets is made to holders of our common stock or any series of our preferred stock that ranks junior to the Series I Preferred Stock as to liquidation rights.
S-11
In the event that, upon any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, our available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of our capital stock ranking on a parity with the Series I Preferred Stock in the distribution of assets, then the holders of the Series I Preferred Stock and all other such classes or series of capital stock shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.
Holders of Series I Preferred Stock will be entitled to written notice of any such liquidation. After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of Series I Preferred Stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets. The consolidation or merger of us with or into any other corporation, trust or entity or of any other corporation with or into us, or the sale, lease or conveyance of all or substantially all of our assets or business, shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us. For further information regarding the rights of the holders of the Series I Preferred Stock upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of us, see "Description of Common Stock and Preferred StockPreferred Stock" in the accompanying prospectus.
Redemption
The Series I Preferred Stock is not redeemable prior to March 1, 2009. However, in order to ensure that we remain a qualified REIT for federal income tax purposes, Series I Preferred Stock will be subject to the provisions of our charter which limit the amount of Series I Preferred Stock that may be owned by a stockholder. See "Description of Common Stock and Preferred StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfers" in the accompanying prospectus.
On and after March 1, 2009, we may redeem, at our option upon not less than 30 nor more than 60 days' written notice, shares of the Series I Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends thereon to and including the date fixed for redemption (except as provided below), without interest. Holders of Series I Preferred Stock to be redeemed shall surrender such Series I Preferred Stock at the place designated in such notice and shall be entitled to the redemption price and any accrued and unpaid dividends payable upon such redemption following such surrender. If notice of redemption of any shares of Series I Preferred Stock has been given and if the funds necessary for such redemption have been set aside by us in trust for the benefit of the holders of any shares of Series I Preferred Stock so called for redemption, then from and after the redemption date dividends will cease to accrue on such shares of Series I Preferred Stock, such shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall no longer be deemed outstanding and all rights of the holders of such shares will terminate, except the right to receive the redemption price. If less than all of the outstanding Series I Preferred Stock is to be redeemed, the Series I Preferred Stock to be redeemed shall be selected pro rata (as nearly as may be practicable without creating fractional shares) or by any other equitable method determined by us.
Unless full cumulative dividends on all shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set apart for payment for all past dividend periods and the then current dividend period, no shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall be redeemed unless all outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock are simultaneously redeemed and we shall not purchase or otherwise acquire directly or indirectly any shares of Series I Preferred Stock (except by exchange for our capital stock ranking junior to the Series I Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation); provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prevent the purchase by us of shares transferred to a charitable trust in accordance with our charter to ensure we remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, or the purchase or acquisition of shares of Series I Preferred Stock pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock.
S-12
Notice of redemption will be mailed by us, postage prepaid, not less than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the redemption date, addressed to the respective holders of record of the Series I Preferred Stock to be redeemed at their respective addresses as they appear on our stock transfer records. No failure to give such notice or any defect thereto or in the mailing thereof shall affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any shares of Series I Preferred Stock except as to the holder to whom notice was defective or not given. Each notice shall state:
If less than all of the Series I Preferred Stock held by any holder is to be redeemed, the notice mailed to such holder shall also specify the number of shares of Series I Preferred Stock held by such holder to be redeemed.
Immediately prior to any redemption of Series I Preferred Stock, we shall pay, in cash, any accumulated and unpaid dividends through and including the redemption date, unless a redemption date falls after a Dividend Record Date and prior to the corresponding Dividend Payment Date, in which case each holder of Series I Preferred Stock at the close of business on such Dividend Record Date shall be entitled to the dividend payable on such shares on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date notwithstanding the redemption of such shares before such Dividend Payment Date. Except as provided above, we will make no payment or allowance for unpaid dividends, whether or not in arrears, on Series I Preferred Stock which is redeemed.
The Series I Preferred Stock has no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption. However, in order to ensure that we remain a qualified REIT for federal income tax purposes, Series I Preferred Stock owned by a stockholder in excess of the ownership limit provided in our charter will be subject to the provisions of the charter.
Voting Rights
Holders of the Series I Preferred Stock will not have any voting rights, except as set forth below.
Whenever dividends on any shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall be in arrears for six or more quarterly periods (a "Preferred Dividend Default"), the holders of such shares of Series I Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other series of preferred stock ranking on a parity with the Series I Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation ("Parity Preferred") upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable) will be entitled to vote for the election of a total of two additional members of our board of directors (the "Preferred Stock Directors"), and the number of directors on the board of directors shall increase by two, at a special meeting called by the holders of record of at least 20% of the Series I Preferred Stock or any other series of Parity Preferred so in arrears (unless such request is received less than 90 days before the date fixed for the next annual or special meeting of the stockholders) or at the next annual meeting of stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting until all dividends accumulated on such shares of Series I Preferred Stock for the past dividend periods and the dividend for the then current dividend period shall have been fully paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set aside for payment.
If and when all accumulated dividends and the dividend for the then current dividend period on the Series I Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full or set aside for payment in full, the holders thereof shall be divested of the foregoing voting rights (subject to revesting in the event of each and every subsequent Preferred Dividend Default) and, if all accumulated dividends and the dividend for the then current dividend period have been paid in full or set aside for payment in full on all series of Parity Preferred upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable, the term of
S-13
office of each Preferred Stock Director so elected shall terminate and the number of directors on the board of directors shall decrease by two. Any Preferred Stock Director may be removed at any time with or without cause by, and shall not be removed otherwise than by the vote of, the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Series I Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights described above (voting separately as a class with all series of Parity Preferred upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable). So long as a Preferred Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the office of a Preferred Stock Director may be filled by the written consent of the Preferred Stock Directors remaining in office, or if none remains in office, by a vote of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights described above (voting separately as a class with all series of Parity Preferred upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable). The Preferred Stock Directors shall each be entitled to one vote per director on any matter.
So long as any shares of Series I Preferred Stock remain outstanding, we will not, without the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares of the Series I Preferred Stock outstanding at the time, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (voting separately as a class with all series of Parity Preferred upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable), (a) authorize or create, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any class or series of capital stock ranking prior to the Series I Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up or reclassify any of our authorized capital stock into such shares, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such shares; or (b) amend, alter or repeal the provisions of our charter, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise (an "Event"), so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series I Preferred Stock; provided, however, with respect to the occurrence of any Event set forth in (b) above, so long as the Series I Preferred Stock remains outstanding with the terms thereof materially unchanged, the occurrence of any such Event shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of holders of the Series I Preferred Stock and, provided further, that any increase in the amount of the authorized preferred stock, including the Series I Preferred Stock, or the creation or issuance of any additional Series I Preferred Stock or other series of preferred stock, or any increase in the amount of authorized shares of such series, in each case ranking on a parity with or junior to the Series I Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers.
The foregoing voting provisions will not apply if, at or prior to the time when the act with respect to which such vote would otherwise be required shall be effected, all outstanding shares of Series I Preferred Stock shall have been redeemed or called for redemption upon proper notice and sufficient funds shall have been deposited in trust to effect such redemption.
Conversion
The Series I Preferred Stock is not convertible into or exchangeable for any other of our property or securities.
Restrictions On Ownership
For information regarding restrictions on ownership of the Series I Preferred Stock, see "Description of Common Stock and Preferred StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfers" in the accompanying prospectus.
Transfer Agent
The transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursing agent for the Series I Preferred Stock will be Equiserve Trust Company, N.A.
S-14
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
The following supplements the discussion contained in the accompanying prospectus under the heading "Material Federal Income Tax Consequences," which discussion (to the extent not inconsistent with the following) is incorporated in its entirety in this prospectus supplement. The discussions contained under the headings herein are intended to supplement, where applicable, the discussions contained in the corresponding headings of the accompanying prospectus.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders
Redemptions
If we redeem all or a portion of the Series I Preferred Stock, under Section 302 of the Code, such redemption will be treated as a dividend, generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates (to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits), unless the redemption satisfies one or more of the tests set forth in Section 302(b) of the Code that enable the redemption to be treated as a sale or exchange of the redeemed Series I Preferred Stock. A redemption will satisfy such tests if it: (i) is "substantially disproportionate" with respect to the stockholder; (ii) results in a "complete termination" of the stockholder's stock interest in us; or (iii) is "not essentially equivalent to a dividend" with respect to the stockholder, all within the meaning of Section 302(b) of the Code. In determining whether any of these tests have been met, shares considered to be owned by the stockholder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules set forth in the Code, as well as shares actually owned, must generally be taken into account. Because the determination as to whether any of the alternative tests of Section 302(b) of the Code is satisfied with respect to any particular holder of the Series I Preferred Stock will depend upon the facts and circumstances as of the time the determination is made, prospective investors are advised to consult their tax advisors to determine such tax treatment.
If a redemption of the Series I Preferred Stock is treated as a distribution that is taxable as a dividend, the amount of the distribution would be measured by the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received by the stockholders. The stockholder's adjusted tax basis in such redeemed Series I Preferred Stock would, in that case, be transferred to the holder's remaining stockholdings in us. If, however, the stockholder has no remaining stockholdings in us, such basis may, under certain circumstances, be transferred to a related person, or it may be lost entirely.
S-15
We and the underwriters for this offering named below have entered into an underwriting agreement concerning the shares of Series I Preferred Stock being offered. The underwriters' obligations are several and not joint, which means that each underwriter is required to purchase a specified number of shares, but is not responsible for the commitment of any other underwriter to purchase shares. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase the number of shares of Series I Preferred Stock set forth opposite its name below.
Underwriters |
Number of Shares |
||
---|---|---|---|
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc | 3,500,000 | ||
McDonald Investments Inc., a KeyCorp Company | 500,000 | ||
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company, Incorporated | 500,000 | ||
Advest, Inc. | 250,000 | ||
BB&T Capital Markets, a division of Scott & Stringfellow, Inc. | 250,000 | ||
Total | 5,000,000 | ||
The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters are conditional and may be terminated at their discretion based on their assessment of the state of the financial markets. The obligations of the underwriters may also be terminated upon the occurrence of the events specified in the underwriting agreement. The underwriters are severally committed to purchase all of the shares of Series I Preferred Stock being offered if any shares are purchased.
The following table provides information regarding the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions that we will pay to the underwriters in connection with this offering.
|
Per Share |
Total |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us | $ | .7875 | $ | 3,937,500 |
We estimate that the total expenses of this offering payable by us, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, will be approximately $244,000.
The underwriters propose to offer the Series I Preferred Stock directly to the public initially at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to selected dealers at such price less a concession not to exceed $0.50 per share. The underwriters may allow, and such selected dealers may reallow, a concession not to exceed $0.45 per share. The shares of Series I Preferred Stock will be available for delivery, when, as and if accepted by the underwriters and subject to prior sale and to withdrawal, cancellation or modification of the offering without notice. The underwriters reserve the right to reject any order for purchase of the shares in whole or in part. After the commencement of this offering, the underwriters may change the public offering price and other selling terms.
We have agreed not to sell or transfer any shares of preferred stock or to engage in certain hedging transactions with respect to the preferred stock for a period of 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement without first obtaining the written consent of the underwriters, except in certain circumstances.
We have agreed in the underwriting agreement to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and where such indemnification is unavailable, to contribute to payments that the underwriters may be required to make in respect of such liabilities.
The Series I Preferred Stock is a new issue of securities and, prior to the Series I Preferred Stock being accepted for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, there will be no established trading market for the Series I Preferred Stock. We anticipate the NYSE will authorize, upon official notice of issuance, the
S-16
listing of the Series I Preferred Stock under the symbol "SFI PrI." We expect that trading on the NYSE will commence within 30 days after the initial delivery of the Series I Preferred Stock. In order to meet the requirements for listing the Series I Preferred Stock on the NYSE, the underwriters have undertaken to sell: (i) Series I Preferred Stock to ensure a minimum of 100 beneficial holders with a minimum of 100,000 shares of Series I Preferred Stock outstanding; and (ii) sufficient Series I Preferred Stock so that following this offering, the Series I Preferred Stock has a minimum aggregate market value of $2 million. The underwriters have advised us that prior to the commencement of listing on the NYSE they intend to make a market in the Series I Preferred Stock, but are not obligated to do so and may discontinue market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of the trading market for the Series I Preferred Stock.
In order to facilitate this offering of the Series I Preferred Stock, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the Series I Preferred Stock in accordance with Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The underwriters may over-allot the Series I Preferred Stock in connection with this offering, creating a "naked" short position for their own account. Naked short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are committed to purchase in this offering. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the Series I Preferred Stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering.
Accordingly, to cover a short sales position or to stabilize the market price of the Series I Preferred Stock, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of Series I Preferred Stock in the open market. These transactions may be effected on the NYSE or otherwise. Additionally, the representative, on behalf of the underwriters, may also reclaim selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or dealer. Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriters' purchases to cover the syndicate short sales or to stabilize the market price of the Series I Preferred Stock may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of the Series I Preferred Stock or preventing or mitigating a decline in the market price of the Series I Preferred Stock. As a result, the price of the Series I Preferred Stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. No representation is made as to the magnitude or effect of any such stabilization or other activities. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and, if commenced, may discontinue any of these activities at any time.
From time to time, the underwriters and/or their affiliates have in the past performed, and may in the future continue to perform, investment banking, broker dealer, lending, financial advisory or other services for us for which they have received, or may receive, customary compensation.
The legality of the Series I Preferred Stock offered by this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus will be passed upon for us by Clifford Chance US LLP, New York, New York. Certain legal matters will be passed upon for the underwriters by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, New York. Clifford Chance US LLP will rely upon the opinion of Venable LLP with respect to certain matters of Maryland law. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP provides legal services to us from time to time.
The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
S-17
PROSPECTUS
iSTAR FINANCIAL INC.
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Depositary Shares
Debt Securities
and
Warrants
We may from time to time offer our common stock, preferred stock (which we may issue in one or more series), depositary shares representing shares of preferred stock, debt securities (which we may issue in one or more series) or warrants entitling the holders to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities, at an aggregate initial offering price which will not exceed $1,000,000,000. We will determine when we sell securities, the amounts of securities we will sell and the prices and other terms on which we will sell them. We may sell securities to or through underwriters, through agents or directly to purchasers.
We will describe in a prospectus supplement, which we will deliver with this prospectus, the terms of particular securities which we offer in the future. We may describe the terms of those securities in a term sheet which will precede the prospectus supplement.
In each prospectus supplement we will include the following information:
NEITHER THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION NOR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION HAS APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED OF THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED THAT THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
An investment in these securities entails certain material risks and uncertainties that should be considered. See "Risk Factors" on page 2 of this prospectus.
December 16, 2003
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS | 1 | |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS | 1 | |
iSTAR FINANCIAL INC. | 2 | |
RISK FACTORS | 2 | |
RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES | 8 | |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA | 8 | |
USE OF PROCEEDS | 10 | |
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES | 11 | |
DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS | 13 | |
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK | 14 | |
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES | 18 | |
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES | 19 | |
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION | 33 | |
LEGAL MATTERS | 34 | |
EXPERTS | 34 | |
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE | 34 | |
INFORMATION WE FILE | 35 |
i
This prospectus is part of a shelf registration statement. Under this shelf registration statement, we may sell any combination of common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares representing shares of preferred stock, debt securities or warrants entitling the holders to purchase common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares or debt securities in one or more offerings for total proceeds of up to $1,000,000,000. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities we may offer. Each time we sell securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering. The prospectus supplement may add, update or change information contained in this prospectus. Before you buy any of our securities, it is important for you to consider the information contained in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement together with additional information described under the heading "Incorporation of Certain Documents By Reference."
We make statements in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference that are considered "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are usually identified by the use of words such as "will," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "plans," "intends," "should" or similar expressions. We intend those forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Reform Act of 1995 and are including this statement for purposes of complying with these safe harbor provisions. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about our plans, strategies and prospects, which are based on the information currently available to us and on assumptions we have made. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations as reflected in or suggested by those forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that the plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. We have listed below and have discussed elsewhere in this prospectus some important risks, uncertainties and contingencies which could cause our actual results, performances or achievements to be materially different from the forward-looking statements we make in this prospectus. These risks, uncertainties and contingencies include, but are not limited to, the following:
We assume no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In evaluating forward-looking statements, you should consider these risks and uncertainties, together with the other risks described from time to time in our reports and documents filed with the SEC, and you should not place undue reliance on those statements.
We are the largest publicly traded finance company focused exclusively on the commercial real estate industry. We provide custom-tailored financing to high-end private and corporate owners of real estate nationwide, including senior and junior mortgage debt, senior, mezzanine and subordinated corporate capital, and corporate net lease financing. Our objective is to generate consistent and attractive returns on our invested capital by providing innovative and value-added financing solutions to our customers. We are taxed as a real estate investment trust.
Our principal executive offices are located at 1114 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, and our telephone number is (212) 930-9400. Our website is istarfinancial.com. Information on our website is not considered part of this prospectus. Our six primary regional offices are located in Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, Denver, Hartford and San Francisco. iStar Asset Services, our loan servicing subsidiary, is located in Hartford, and iStar Real Estate Services, our corporate facilities management division, is headquartered in Atlanta.
This section describes material risks of purchasing our securities. You should carefully consider these risks, in addition to the other information contained in this prospectus or incorporated in this prospectus by reference, before purchasing any of the securities offered by this prospectus. In connection with the forward-looking statements that appear in this prospectus, you should carefully review the factors discussed below and the cautionary statements referred to in "Forward-Looking Statements."
We Are Subject to Risks Relating to Our Lending Business.
We may suffer a loss if a borrower defaults on a non-recourse loan or on a loan that is not secured by underlying real estate.
In the event of a default by a borrower on a non-recourse loan, we will only have recourse to the real estate assets securing the loan. For this purpose, we consider loans made to special purpose entities formed solely for the purpose of holding and financing particular assets to be non-recourse loans. If the underlying asset value is below the loan amount, we will suffer a loss. Conversely, we sometimes make loan investments that are unsecured or are secured by equity interests in the borrowing entities. These loans are subject to the risk that other lenders may be directly secured by the real estate assets of the borrower. In the event of a default, those secured lenders would have priority over us with respect to the proceeds of a sale of the underlying real estate.
In the cases described above, we may lack control over the underlying asset securing our loan or the underlying assets of the borrower prior to a default, and, as a result, their value may be reduced by acts or omissions by owners or managers of the assets. As of June 30, 2003, 83.3% of our loans are non-recourse, based upon the gross carrying value of our loan assets, and 9.0% of our total investments, based on gross carrying value, consist of loans that are unsecured or secured by equity interests in the borrowing entity.
We may suffer a loss in the event of a default or bankruptcy of a borrower, particularly in cases where the borrower has incurred debt that is senior to our loan.
If a borrower defaults on our loan but does not have sufficient assets to satisfy our loan, we may suffer a loss of principal or interest. In the event of a borrower bankruptcy, we may not have full recourse to the assets of the borrower, or the assets of the borrower may not be sufficient to satisfy our loan. In addition, certain of our loans are subordinate to other debt of the borrower. If a borrower defaults on our loan or on debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. Where debt senior to our loans exists, the presence of
2
intercreditor arrangements may limit our ability to amend our loan documents, assign our loans, accept prepayments, exercise our remedies (through "standstill" periods) and control decisions made in bankruptcy proceedings relating to borrowers. Bankruptcy and borrower litigation can significantly increase the time needed for us to acquire underlying collateral in the event of a default, during which time the collateral may decline in value. In addition, there are significant costs and delays associated with the foreclosure process.
We are subject to the risk that provisions of our loan agreements may be unenforceable.
Our rights and obligations with respect to our loans are governed by written loan agreements and related documentation. It is possible that a court could determine that one or more provisions of a loan agreement are unenforceable, such as a loan prepayment provision or the provisions governing our security interest in the underlying collateral. If this were to happen with respect to a material asset or group of assets, we could be adversely affected.
We are subject to the risks associated with loan participations, such as less than full control rights.
Some of our assets are participating interests in loans in which we share the rights, obligations and benefits of the loan with other participating lenders. We may need the consent of these parties to exercise our rights under such loans, including rights with respect to amendment of loan documentation, enforcement proceedings in the event of a default and the institution of, and control over, foreclosure proceedings. Similarly, a majority of the participants may be able to take actions to which we object but to which we will be bound if our participation interest represents a minority interest. We may be adversely affected by this lack of full control.
We Are Subject to Risks Relating to Our Corporate Tenant Lease Business.
Lease expirations, lease defaults and lease terminations may adversely affect our revenue.
Lease expirations, lease defaults and lease terminations may result in reduced revenues if the lease payments received from replacement corporate tenants are less than the lease payments received from the expiring, defaulting or terminating corporate tenants. In addition, lease defaults by one or more significant corporate tenants, lease terminations by corporate tenants following events of casualty or takings by eminent domain, or the failure of corporate tenants under expiring leases to elect to renew their leases, could cause us to experience long periods with no revenue from a facility and to incur substantial capital expenditures in order to obtain replacement corporate tenants.
As of June 30, 2003, 12.4% of our annualized total revenues for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 were derived from our five largest corporate tenant customers. As of June 30, 2003, the percentage of our revenues (based on total revenues for the quarter ended June 30, 2003, annualized) that are subject to expiring leases during each year from 2003 through 2006 is as follows:
2003 | 1.8% | |
2004 | 3.9% | |
2005 | 2.0% | |
2006 | 4.9% |
We may need to make significant capital improvements to our corporate facilities in order to remain competitive.
Our corporate facilities may face competition from newer, more updated facilities. In order to remain competitive, we may need to make significant capital improvements to our existing corporate facilities. In addition, in the event we need to re-lease a corporate facility, we may need to make
3
significant tenant improvements, including conversions of single tenant buildings to multi-tenant buildings. The costs of these improvements could adversely affect our financial performance.
Our ownership interests in corporate facilities are illiquid, hindering our ability to mitigate a loss.
Since our ownership interests in corporate facilities are illiquid, we may lack the necessary flexibility to vary our investment strategy promptly to respond to changes in market conditions. In addition, if we have to foreclose on an asset or if we desire to sell it in an effort to recover or mitigate a loss, we may be unable to do so at all, or only at a discount.
We Are Subject to Risks Relating to Our Asset Concentration.
As of June 30, 2003, the average size of our lending and leasing investments was $29.2 million. No single investment represented more than 3.5% of our total revenues for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2003. While our asset base is diversified by product line, asset type, obligor, property type and geographic location, it is possible that if we suffer losses on a portion of our larger assets, our financial performance could be adversely impacted.
Because We Must Distribute a Portion of Our Income, We Will Continue to Need Additional Debt and/or Equity Capital to Grow.
We must distribute at least 90% of our taxable net income to our stockholders to maintain our REIT status. As a result, those earnings will not be available to fund investment activities. We have historically funded our investments by borrowing from financial institutions and raising capital in the public and private capital markets. We expect to continue to fund our investments this way. If we fail to obtain funds from these sources, it could limit our ability to grow, which could have a material adverse effect on the value of our common stock. Our taxable net income has historically been lower than the cash flow generated by our business activities, primarily because our taxable net income is reduced by non-cash expenses, such as depreciation and amortization. As a result, our dividend payout ratio as a percentage of free cash flow has generally been lower than our payout ratio as a percentage of taxable net income. Our common stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2002 represented approximately 74.1% of our cash flows provided by operating activities less preferred dividends for 2002.
Our Growth Is Dependent on Leverage, Which May Create Other Risks.
Our success is dependent, in part, upon our ability to grow our assets through the use of leverage. Our ability to obtain the leverage necessary for execution of our business plan will ultimately depend upon our ability to maintain interest coverage ratios meeting market underwriting standards that will vary according to lenders' assessments of our creditworthiness and the terms of the borrowings. As of June 30, 2003, our debt-to-book equity ratio was 1.8x and our total debt obligations outstanding were approximately $3.84 billion. Our charter does not limit the amount of indebtedness which we may incur. Our Board of Directors has overall responsibility for our financing strategy. Stockholder approval is not required for changes to our financing strategy. If our Board of Directors decided to increase our leverage, it could lead to reduced or negative cash flow and reduced liquidity.
The percentage of leverage used will vary depending on our estimate of the stability of iStar Financial's cash flow. To the extent that changes in market conditions cause the cost of such financing to increase relative to the income that can be derived from the assets originated, we may reduce the amount of our leverage.
Leverage creates an opportunity for increased net income, but at the same time creates risks. For example, leveraging magnifies changes in our net worth. We will incur leverage only when there is an expectation that it will enhance returns, although there can be no assurance that our use of leverage will prove to be beneficial. Moreover, there can be no assurance that we will be able to meet our debt service obligations and, to the extent that we cannot, we risk the loss of some or all of our assets or a financial loss if we are required to liquidate assets at a commercially inopportune time.
4
We and our subsidiaries are parties to agreements and debt instruments that restrict future indebtedness and the payment of dividends, including indirect restrictions (through, for example, covenants requiring the maintenance of specified levels of net worth and earnings to debt service ratios) and direct restrictions. As a result, in the event of a deterioration in our financial condition, these agreements or debt instruments could restrict our ability to pay dividends. Moreover, if we fail to pay dividends as required by the Internal Revenue Code, whether as a result of restrictive covenants in our debt instruments or otherwise, we may lose our status as a REIT. For more information regarding the consequences of loss of REIT status, please read the risk factor entitled "We May Be Subject to Adverse Consequences if We Fail to Qualify as a Real Estate Investment Trust."
We Utilize Interest Rate Hedging Arrangements Which May Adversely Affect Our Borrowing Cost and Expose Us to Other Risks.
We have variable rate lending assets and variable rate debt obligations. These assets and liabilities create a natural hedge against changes in variable interest rates. This means that as interest rates increase, we earn more on our variable rate lending assets and pay more on our variable rate debt obligations and, conversely, as interest rates decrease, we earn less on our variable rate lending assets and pay less on our variable rate debt obligations. When our variable rate debt obligations exceed our variable rate lending assets, we utilize derivative instruments to limit the impact of changing interest rates on our net income. We do not use derivative instruments to hedge assets or for speculative purposes. The derivatives instruments we use are typically in the form of interest rate swaps and interest rate caps. Interest rate swaps effectively change variable rate debt obligations to fixed rate debt obligations. Interest rate caps effectively limit the maximum interest rate on variable rate debt obligations.
The primary risks from our use of derivative instruments is the risk that a counterparty to a hedging arrangement could default on its obligation and the risk that we may have to pay certain costs, such as transaction fees or breakage costs, if a hedging arrangement is terminated by us. As a matter of policy, we enter into hedging arrangements with counterparties that are large, creditworthy financial institutions typically rated at least "A/A2" by Standard & Poor's and Moody's Investors Service, respectively. Our hedging strategy is monitored by our Audit Committee on behalf of our Board of Directors and may be changed by the Board of Directors without stockholder approval.
Developing an effective strategy for dealing with movements in interest rates is complex and no strategy can completely insulate us from risks associated with such fluctuations. There can be no assurance that our hedging activities will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition.
We Face a Risk of Liability Under Environmental Laws.
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner of real estate (including, in certain circumstances, a secured lender that succeeds to ownership or control of a property) may become liable for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous or toxic substances at, on, under or in its property. Those laws typically impose cleanup responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or control party knew of or was responsible for the release or presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. The costs of investigation, remediation or removal of those substances may be substantial. The owner or control party of a site may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from environmental contamination emanating from a site. Certain environmental laws also impose liability in connection with the handling of or exposure to asbestos-containing materials, pursuant to which third parties may seek recovery from owners of real properties for personal injuries associated with asbestos-containing materials. Absent succeeding to ownership or control of real property, a secured lender is not likely to be subject to any of these forms of environmental liability.
5
Certain Provisions in Our Charter May Inhibit a Change in Control.
Generally, to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust ("REIT") under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals at any time during the last half of our taxable year. The Internal Revenue Code defines "individuals" for purposes of the requirement described in the preceding sentence to include some types of entities. Under our charter, no person may own more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of stock, with some exceptions. The restrictions on transferability and ownership may delay, deter or prevent a change in control or other transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be in the best interest of the securityholders.
Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors:
Adverse Changes in General Economic Conditions Can Adversely Affect Our Business.
Our success is dependent upon the general economic conditions in the geographic areas in which a substantial number of our investments are located. Adverse changes in national economic conditions or in the economic conditions of the regions in which we conduct substantial business likely would have an adverse effect on real estate values and, accordingly, our business.
We May Be Subject to Adverse Consequences If We Fail to Qualify as a Real Estate Investment Trust.
We intend to operate so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We have received an opinion of our legal counsel, Clifford Chance US LLP, that, based on the assumptions and representations described in "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences," our existing legal organization and our actual and proposed method of operation, enable us to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. Investors should be aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or any court. The opinion only represents the view of our counsel based on their review and analysis of existing law, that includes no controlling precedents. Furthermore, both the validity of the opinion and our qualification as a REIT will depend on our continuing ability to meet various requirements concerning, among other things, the ownership of our outstanding stock, the nature of our assets, the sources of our income and the amount of our distributions to our stockholders. See "Certain Federal Income Tax ConsequencesTaxation of iStar FinancialGeneral."
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT for any taxable year, we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to our stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax, including any applicable minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Unless entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from treatment as a real estate investment trust for the four subsequent taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. As a result, cash available for distribution would be reduced for each of the years involved. Furthermore, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause the Board of Directors to revoke the REIT election. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences."
Even if we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we may be subject to certain state and local taxes on our income and property, and may be subject to certain federal taxes. See "Certain Federal Income Tax ConsequencesTaxation of iStar FinancialGeneral."
6
Tax-Exempt Stockholders May Be Subject to Taxation.
The Internal Revenue Service has issued a revenue ruling in which it held that amounts distributed by a REIT to a tax-exempt employees' pension trust do not constitute unrelated business taxable income ("UBTI"). In general, subject to the discussion below regarding a "pension-held REIT" and subject to the following sentence, based upon such ruling and the statutory framework of the Internal Revenue Code, distributions to a stockholder of a real estate investment trust that is a tax-exempt entity should not constitute UBTI, provided that:
Although we do not intend to invest a material amount of assets in REMICS, certain taxable income produced by REMIC residual interests may cause our stockholders to suffer certain adverse tax consequences. In addition, we have entered into certain financing transactions which are treated as taxable mortgage pools, and with respect to which we are treated as owning residual interests. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences."
If any pension or other retirement trust that qualifies under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code holds more than 10% by value of the interests in a pension-held REIT at any time during a taxable year, a portion of the dividends paid to the qualified pension trust by such REIT may constitute UBTI. For these purposes, a "pension-held REIT" is defined as a REIT: (1) that would not have qualified as a REIT but for the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code which look through such a qualified pension trust in determining ownership of securities of the REIT; and (2) as to which at least one qualified pension trust holds more than 25% by value of the interests of such REIT or one or more qualified pension trusts (each owning more than a 10% interest by value in the REIT) hold in the aggregate more than 50% by value of the interests in such REIT.
We do not expect that we will be a pension-held REIT. However, notwithstanding our current belief that we will not be a "pension-held REIT," no assurance can be given that we will not become a pension-held REIT in the future.
If we were to become a pension-held REIT in the future and were to originate investments using debt, or otherwise were to engage in a transaction resulting in UBTI, determined as though we were a qualified pension plan, any qualified pension plan owning 10% or more of our shares, by value, would have a portion of its dividend income from us taxed as UBTI. Even if we were not a pension-held REIT, certain amounts received by a stockholder that is a tax-exempt entity may be treated as UBTI. See "Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences."
Our Board of Directors May Change Certain of Our Policies Without Stockholder Approval.
Our charter provides that our primary purpose is to invest in a diversified portfolio of debt and debt-like interests in real estate and real estate related assets, although it does not set forth specific percentages of the types of investments we may make. Our Board of Directors determines our investment policies, as well as our financing and conflicts of interest policies. Although the Board of Directors has no present intention to do so, it can amend, revise or eliminate these policies at any time and from time to time at its discretion without a vote of the stockholders. A change in these policies
7
could adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations or the market price of our common stock.
A Portion of The Dividends We Distribute May Be Deemed a Return of Capital For Federal Income Tax Purposes.
The amount of dividends we distribute to our common stockholders in a given quarter may not correspond to our taxable income for such quarter. Consequently, a portion of the dividends we distribute may be deemed a return of capital for federal income tax purposes, and will not be taxable but will reduce stockholders' basis in the underlying common stock. For the year ended December 31, 2002, the percentage of our dividend payments made to common stockholders that was treated as a return of capital was 10.59%.
Quarterly Results May Fluctuate and May Not Be Indicative of Future Quarterly Performance.
Our quarterly operating results could fluctuate; therefore, you should not rely on past quarterly results to be indicative of our performance in future quarters. Factors that could cause quarterly operating results to fluctuate include, among others, variations in our investment origination volume, variations in the timing of prepayments, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions.
RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED CHARGES AND
PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES
|
|
Years Ended December 31, |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Six Months Ended June 30, 2003 |
|||||||||||
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|||||||
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends(1) | 2.0x | 1.8x | 1.9x | 1.9x | 1.1x(2 | ) | 2.3x | |||||
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(1) | 2.4x | 2.1x | 2.3x | 2.2x | 1.4x(2 | ) | 2.3x |
The following table sets forth our selected financial data on a consolidated historical basis. However, prior to March 1998, our structured finance operations were conducted by two private investment partnerships which contributed substantially all their structured finance assets to us in exchange for cash and shares of iStar Financial.
Further, on November 4, 1999, we acquired TriNet, which increased the size of our operations, and also acquired its former external advisor. Operating results for the year ended December 31, 1999 reflect only the effects of these transactions subsequent to their consummation.
Accordingly, the historical balance sheet information as of December 31, 1998, as well as the results of operations for us for all periods prior to and including the year ended December 31, 1999, do
8
not reflect our current operations as a well capitalized, internally-managed finance company operating in the commercial real estate industry. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2002 presentation.
|
2002 |
2001 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||||
OPERATING DATA: | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | $ | 255,631 | $ | 254,119 | $ | 268,011 | $ | 209,848 | $ | 112,914 | ||||||||
Operating lease income | 242,100 | 185,943 | 177,581 | 41,665 | 12,378 | |||||||||||||
Other income | 27,993 | 31,057 | 17,927 | 12,900 | 2,708 | |||||||||||||
Total revenue | 525,724 | 471,119 | 463,519 | 264,413 | 128,000 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense(1) |
197,541 |
171,594 |
174,446 |
91,159 |
44,697 |
|||||||||||||
Operating costs-corporate tenant lease assets | 13,755 | 12,782 | 12,737 | 2,245 | | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 47,821 | 35,411 | 34,384 | 10,324 | 4,287 | |||||||||||||
General and administrative | 30,449 | 24,151 | 25,706 | 6,269 | 2,583 | |||||||||||||
General and administrative-stock-based compensation | 17,998 | 3,574 | 2,864 | 412 | 5,985 | |||||||||||||
Provision for loan losses | 8,250 | 7,000 | 6,500 | 4,750 | 2,750 | |||||||||||||
Advisory fees | | | | 16,193 | 7,837 | |||||||||||||
Costs incurred in acquiring former external advisor(2) | | | | 94,476 | | |||||||||||||
Total costs and expenses | 315,814 | 254,512 | 256,637 | 225,828 | 68,139 | |||||||||||||
Income before equity in earnings from joint ventures and unconsolidated subsidiaries, minority interest and other items | 209,910 | 216,607 | 206,882 | 38,585 | 59,861 | |||||||||||||
Equity in (loss) earnings from joint ventures and unconsolidated subsidiaries | 1,222 | 7,361 | 4,796 | 235 | 96 | |||||||||||||
Minority interest in consolidated entities | (162 | ) | (218 | ) | (195 | ) | (41 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(3) | | (282 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||
Net income from continuing operations | 210,970 | 223,468 | 211,483 | 38,779 | 59,903 | |||||||||||||
(Loss) income from discontinued operations | 3,583 | 5,299 | 3,155 | 107 | | |||||||||||||
Gain from discontinued operations | 717 | 1,145 | 2,948 | | | |||||||||||||
Net Income | 215,270 | 229,912 | 217,586 | 38,886 | 59,903 | |||||||||||||
Preferred dividend requirements | (36,908 | ) | (36,908 | ) | (36,908 | ) | (23,843 | ) | (944 | ) | ||||||||
Net income allocable to common shareholders and HPU holders(4) | $ | 178,362 | $ | 193,004 | $ | 180,678 | $ | 15,043 | $ | 58,959 | ||||||||
Basic earnings per common share(5)(6) | $ | 1.98 | $ | 2.24 | $ | 2.11 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 1.40 | ||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share(5)(7) | $ | 1.93 | $ | 2.19 | $ | 2.10 | $ | 0.25 | $ | 1.36 | ||||||||
Dividends declared per common share(8) | $ | 2.52 | $ | 2.45 | $ | 2.40 | $ | 1.86 | $ | 1.14 | ||||||||
SUPPLEMENTAL DATA |
||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows from: | ||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities | $ | 348,793 | $ | 293,260 | $ | 219,868 | $ | 119,625 | $ | 54,915 | ||||||||
Investing activities | (1,149,070 | ) | (349,525 | ) | (193,805 | ) | (143,911 | ) | (1,271,309 | ) | ||||||||
Financing activities | 800,541 | 49,183 | (37,719 | ) | 48,584 | 1,226,208 | ||||||||||||
BALANCE SHEET DATA |
||||||||||||||||||
Loans and other lending investments, net | $ | 3,050,342 | $ | 2,377,763 | $ | 2,227,083 | $ | 2,003,506 | $ | 1,823,761 | ||||||||
Real estate subject to operating leases, net | 2,291,805 | 1,781,565 | 1,592,087 | 1,654,300 | 189,942 | |||||||||||||
Total assets | 5,611,697 | 4,380,640 | 4,034,775 | 3,813,552 | 2,059,616 | |||||||||||||
Debt obligations | 3,461,590 | 2,495,369 | 2,131,967 | 1,901,204 | 1,055,719 | |||||||||||||
Minority interest in consolidated entities | 2,581 | 2,650 | 6,224 | 2,565 | | |||||||||||||
Shareholders' equity | 2,025,300 | 1,787,778 | 1,787,885 | 1,801,343 | 970,728 |
9
Explanatory Notes:
Except as may be set forth in a particular prospectus supplement, we will add the net proceeds from sales of securities to our general corporate funds, which we may use to repay indebtedness, for new investments, or for other general corporate purposes.
10
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
We will issue the debt securities under an indenture dated as of February 5, 2001 with US Bank Trust National Association, as trustee, which we may supplement from time to time. The following paragraphs describe the provisions of the indenture. We have filed the indenture as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and you may inspect it at the office of the trustee.
General
The debt securities will be our direct, unsecured obligations and may be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The indenture does not limit the principal amount of debt securities that we may issue. We may issue debt securities in one or more series. A supplemental indenture will set forth specific terms of each series of debt securities. There will be prospectus supplements relating to particular series of debt securities. Each prospectus supplement will describe:
The indenture does not contain any restrictions on the payment of dividends or the repurchase of our securities or any financial covenants. However, supplemental indentures relating to particular series of debt securities may contain provisions of that type.
We may issue debt securities at a discount from their stated principal amount. A prospectus supplement may describe federal income tax considerations and other special considerations applicable to a debt security issued with original issue discount.
11
If the principal of, premium, if any, or interest with regard to any series of debt securities is payable in a foreign currency, we will describe in the prospectus supplement relating to those debt securities any restrictions on currency conversions, tax considerations or other material restrictions with respect to that issue of debt securities.
Form of Debt Securities
We may issue debt securities in certificated or uncertificated form, in registered form with or without coupons or in bearer form with coupons, if applicable.
We may issue debt securities of a series in the form of one or more global certificates evidencing all or a portion of the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities of that series. We may deposit the global certificates with depositaries, and the certificates may be subject to restrictions upon transfer or upon exchange for debt securities in individually certificated form.
Events of Default and Remedies
An event of default with respect to each series of debt securities will include:
Supplemental indentures relating to particular series of debt securities may include other events of default.
The indenture provides that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of any series of debt securities of any default (except a default in payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, if any) if the trustee considers it in the interest of the holders of the series to do so.
The indenture provides that if any event of default has occurred and is continuing, the trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in principal amount of a series of debt securities then outstanding may declare the principal of and accrued interest, if any, on that series of debt securities to be due and payable immediately. However, if we cure all defaults (except the failure to pay principal, premium or interest which became due solely because of the acceleration) and certain other conditions are met, that declaration may be annulled and past defaults may be waived by the holders of a majority in principal amount of the applicable series of debt securities.
The holders of a majority of the outstanding principal amount of a series of debt securities will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting proceedings for any remedy available to the trustee, subject to certain limitations specified in the indenture.
A prospectus supplement will describe any additional or different events of default which apply to any series of debt securities.
Modification of the Indenture
We and the trustee may:
12
However, we may not:
Mergers and Other Transactions
We may not consolidate with or merge into any other entity, or transfer or lease our properties and assets substantially as an entirety to another person, unless: (1) the entity formed by the consolidation or into which we are merged, or which acquires or leases our properties and assets substantially as an entirety, assumes by a supplemental indenture all our obligations with regard to outstanding debt securities and our other covenants under the indenture; and (2) with regard to each series of debt securities, immediately after giving effect to the transaction, no event of default, with respect to that series of debt securities, and no event which would become an event of default, will have occurred and be continuing.
Governing Law
The indenture, each supplemental indenture, and the debt securities issued under them will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of New York.
Each issue of warrants will be the subject of a warrant agreement which will contain the terms of the warrants. We will distribute a prospectus supplement with regard to each issue of warrants. Each prospectus supplement will describe, as to the warrants to which it relates:
13
DESCRIPTION OF COMMON STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK
Our authorized capital stock consists of 200,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value, 25,000 shares of High Performance Common Stock and 30,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value, of which 4,400,000 shares are designated 9.500% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 2,300,000 shares are designated 9.375% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 1,495,000 shares are designated 9.200% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 4,600,000 shares are designated 8.000% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value, 9,000,000 shares are designated 77/8% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value and 4,600,000 shares are designated 7.8% Series F Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value. At August 31, 2003, 100,986,201 shares of common stock, 20,563 shares of High Performance Common Stock, 1,600,000 shares of Series A preferred stock, 2,000,000 shares of Series B preferred stock, 1,300,000 shares of Series C preferred stock, 4,000,000 shares of Series D preferred stock, 5,600,000 shares of Series E preferred Stock and 4,000,000 shares of Series F preferred stock were outstanding.
Common Stock
Holders of common stock will be entitled to receive distributions on common stock if, as and when the Board of Directors authorizes and declares distributions. However, rights to distributions may be subordinated to the rights of holders of preferred stock, when preferred stock is issued and outstanding. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each outstanding share of common stock will entitle its holder to a proportionate share of the assets that remain after we pay our liabilities and any preferential distributions owed to preferred stockholders.
Holders of the common stock are entitled to one vote for each share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote. Holders of the Series B preferred stock, Series C preferred stock, and Series D preferred stock are entitled to 0.25 of a vote for each share on all matters submitted to a stockholder vote. They will vote with the common stock as a single class. There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors.
Holders of shares of common stock have no preference, conversion, sinking fund, redemption, appraisal or exchange rights or any preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities. All shares of common stock have equal dividend, distribution, liquidation and other rights.
We may be dissolved if the Board of Directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, declares the dissolution advisable and directs that the proposed dissolution be submitted for consideration at either an annual or special meeting of stockholders. Dissolution will occur once it is approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of stockholders entitled to cast votes on the matter.
Our charter grants the Board of Directors the power to authorize the issuance of additional authorized but unissued shares of common stock and preferred stock. The Board of Directors may also classify or reclassify unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and authorize their issuance.
Our charter also provides that, to the extent permitted by the General Corporate Law of Maryland, the Board of Directors may, without any action by the stockholders, amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue.
We believe that these powers of the Board of Directors provide increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. Although the Board of Directors does not intend to do so at the present time, it could authorize the issuance of a class or series that could delay, defer or prevent a change of control or other transaction that might involve a premium price for the common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the stockholders.
14
High Performance Unit Program
In May 2002, the Company's shareholders approved the iStar Financial High Performance Unit Program. The program, as more fully described in the Company's annual proxy statement dated April 8, 2002, is a performance-based employee compensation plan that only has material value to the participants if the Company provides superior returns to its shareholders. The program entitles the employee participants to receive cash distributions in the nature of common stock dividends if the total rate of return on the Company's Common Stock (share price appreciation plus dividends) exceeds certain performance levels.
Initially, there were three plans within the program: the 2002 plan, the 2003 plan, and the 2004 plan. Each plan has 5,000 shares of High Performance Common Stock associated with it. Each share of High Performance Common Stock carries 0.25 votes per share.
For these three plans, the Company's performance is measured over a one-, two-, or three-year valuation period, beginning on January 1, 2002 and ending on December 31, 2002, December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2004, respectively. The end of the valuation period (i.e., the "valuation date") will be accelerated if there is a change in control of the Company. The High Performance Common Stock has a nominal value unless the total rate of shareholder return for the relevant valuation period exceeds the greater of: (1) 10.00%, 20.00%, or 30.00% for the 2002 plan, the 2003 plan and the 2004 plan, respectively; and (2) a weighted industry index total rate of return consisting of equal weightings of the Russell 1000 Financial Index and the Morgan Stanley REIT Index for the relevant period.
If the total rate of return on the Company's Common Stock exceeds the threshold performance levels for a particular plan, then distributions will be paid on the shares of High Performance Common Stock related to that plan in the same amounts and at the same times as distributions are paid on a number of shares of the Company's Common Stock equal to the following: 7.50% of the Company's excess total rate of return (over the higher of the two threshold performance levels) multiplied by the weighted average market value of the Company's common equity capitalization during the measurement period, all as divided by the average closing price of a share of the Company's Common Stock for the 20 trading days immediately preceding the applicable valuation date.
If the total rate of return on the Company's Common Stock does not exceed the threshold performance levels for a particular plan, then the shares of High Performance Common Stock related to that plan will have only nominal value. In this event, each of the 5,000 shares will be entitled to dividends equal to 0.01 times the dividend paid on a share of Common Stock, if and when dividends are declared on the common stock.
Regardless of how much the Company's total rate of return exceeds the threshold performance levels, the dilutive impact to the Company's shareholders resulting from distributions on High Performance Common Stock in each plan is limited to 1.00% of the number of shares of the Company's Common Stock outstanding, on a fully diluted basis, on the valuation date for each plan.
A new 2005 plan was then established with a three-year period ending December 31, 2005. Awards under the 2005 plan were approved on January 14, 2003. The 2005 plan also has 5,000 shares of High Performance Common Stock with an aggregate initial purchase price of $573,000. The provisions of the 2005 plan are substantially the same as the prior plans.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
To maintain our REIT qualification under the Internal Revenue Code, no group of five or fewer individuals can own, actually or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our stock (the "5/50 Test") during at least 335 days of a taxable year. To help insure that we meet these tests, our charter provides that no person other than persons who were our shareholders as of November 3, 1999 or persons exempted by our Board of Directors may beneficially
15
or constructively own more than 9.8% of the number or value of our capital stock (the "Ownership Limit").
Each person who is a beneficial or constructive owner of shares of stock and each person, including the stockholder of record, who is holding shares of stock for a beneficial or constructive owner must provide us in writing any information with respect to direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares of stock as the Board of Directors deems reasonably necessary to comply with the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code applicable to a REIT, to determine our status as a REIT, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance.
Any issuance or transfer of shares of our stock that would result in (1) a violation of the 5/50 Test, (2) our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution), or (3) our otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT, shall be void and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares of our stock. Shares of our stock issued or transferred that would cause any stockholder (a "Prohibited Owner") to own more than the Ownership Limit or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT will constitute shares of excess stock. All excess stock will be automatically transferred, without action by the Prohibited Owner, to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries that we select, and the Prohibited Owner will not acquire any rights in the shares of excess stock. Such automatic transfer shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the day prior to the date of the transfer causing a violation. If the transfer to the trust would not be effective for any reason to prevent a stockholder from owning more than the Ownership Limit or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, then the transfer of that number of shares necessary to cause such ownership or failure will be void and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares of our stock. The trustee of the trust shall be appointed by us and must be independent of us and the Prohibited Owner. The Prohibited Owner shall have no right to receive dividends or other distributions with respect to, or be entitled to vote, any excess stock held in the trust. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by us that excess stock has been transferred to the trust must be paid by the recipient of the dividend or distribution to the trustee upon demand for the benefit of the charitable beneficiaries, and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the trust. The trust shall have all dividend and voting rights with respect to the shares of excess stock held in the trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the trust shall be held in trust for the charitable beneficiary.
Within 60 days after the latest of (i) the date of the transfer which resulted in such transfer to the charitable trust and (ii) the date the Board of Directors determines in good faith that a transfer resulting in the transfer to the charitable trust has occurred, the trustee will sell the excess stock held in the trust to a person, designated by the trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in our charter. Upon such sale, any interest of the charitable beneficiary in the excess stock sold shall terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (a) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the excess stock (or, in the case of a devise, gift or other transaction in which no value was given for such shares held by the charitable trust, the Market Price (as defined in our charter) at the time of such devise, gift or other transaction), and (b) the price per share received by the trustee from the sale or other disposition of the excess stock held in the trust. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. Shares of our stock held by the charitable trust shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that created such shares held by the trust (or, in the case of a devise, gift or other transaction in which no value was given for such shares held by the trust, the Market Price at the time of such devise, gift or other transaction) and (ii) the Market Price of the shares of our stock to which such shares held by the trust relates on the date we, or our designee,
16
accepts such offer (the "Redemption Price"). We shall have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of our stock held in the charitable trust. Upon such a sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares of stock sold shall terminate and the trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the purported record transferee of such shares. If any of the foregoing restrictions on transfer of our shares held by the trust are determined to be void or invalid, then the purported record transferee of such shares may be deemed, at our option, to have acted as our agent in acquiring such shares and to hold such shares on our behalf.
These restrictions on ownership and transfer will not apply to our stock if the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to qualify as a REIT.
These restrictions on ownership and transfer could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of us that might involve a premium price for shares of our stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.
Preferred Stock
We may issue preferred stock in series with any rights and preferences which may be authorized by our board of directors. We will distribute a prospectus supplement with regard to each series of preferred stock. Each prospectus supplement will describe, as to the preferred stock to which it relates:
Holders of shares of preferred stock will not have preemptive rights.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock and preferred stock is Equiserve Trust Company, N.A.
17
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES
We may issue depositary receipts representing interests in shares of particular series of preferred stock which are called depositary shares. We will deposit the preferred stock of a series which is the subject of depositary shares with a depositary, which will hold that preferred stock for the benefit of the holders of the depositary shares, in accordance with a deposit agreement between the depositary and us. The holders of depositary shares will be entitled to all the rights and preferences of the preferred stock to which the depositary shares relate, including dividend, voting, conversion, redemption and liquidation rights, to the extent of their interests in that preferred stock.
While the deposit agreement relating to a particular series of preferred stock may have provisions applicable solely to that series of preferred stock, all deposit agreements relating to preferred stock we issue will include the following provisions:
Dividends and Other Distributions. Each time we pay a cash dividend or make any other type of cash distribution with regard to preferred stock of a series, the depositary will distribute to the holder of record of each depositary share relating to that series of preferred stock an amount equal to the dividend or other distribution per depositary share the depositary receives. If there is a distribution of property other than cash, the depositary either will distribute the property to the holders of depositary shares in proportion to the depositary shares held by each of them, or the depositary will, if we approve, sell the property and distribute the net proceeds to the holders of the depositary shares in proportion to the depositary shares held by them.
Withdrawal of Preferred Stock. A holder of depositary shares will be entitled to receive, upon surrender of depositary receipts representing depositary shares, the number of whole or fractional shares of the applicable series of preferred stock, and any money or other property, to which the depositary shares relate.
Redemption of Depositary Shares. Whenever we redeem shares of preferred stock held by a depositary, the depositary will be required to redeem, on the same redemption date, depositary shares constituting, in total, the number of shares of preferred stock held by the depositary which we redeem, subject to the depositary's receiving the redemption price of those shares of preferred stock. If fewer than all the depositary shares relating to a series are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot or by another method we determine to be equitable.
Voting. Any time we send a notice of meeting or other materials relating to a meeting to the holders of a series of preferred stock to which depositary shares relate, we will provide the depositary with sufficient copies of those materials so they can be sent to all holders of record of the applicable depositary shares, and the depositary will send those materials to the holders of record of the depositary shares on the record date for the meeting. The depositary will solicit voting instructions from holders of depositary shares and will vote or not vote the preferred stock to which the depositary shares relate in accordance with those instructions.
Liquidation Preference. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holder of each depositary share will be entitled to what the holder of the depositary share would have received if the holder had owned the number of shares (or fraction of a share) of preferred stock which is represented by the depositary share.
Conversion. If shares of a series of preferred stock are convertible into common stock or other of our securities or property, holders of depositary shares relating to that series of preferred stock will, if they surrender depositary receipts representing depositary shares and appropriate instructions to convert them, receive the shares of common stock or other securities or property into which the number of shares (or fractions of shares) of preferred stock to which the depositary shares relate could at the time be converted.
18
Amendment and Termination of a Deposit Agreement. We and the depositary may amend a deposit agreement, except that an amendment which materially and adversely affects the rights of holders of depositary shares, or would be materially and adversely inconsistent with the rights granted to the holders of the preferred stock to which they relate, must be approved by holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding depositary shares. No amendment will impair the right of a holder of depositary shares to surrender the depositary receipts evidencing those depositary shares and receive the preferred stock to which they relate, except as required to comply with law. We may terminate a deposit agreement with the consent of holders of a majority of the depositary shares to which it relates. Upon termination of a deposit agreement, the depositary will make the whole or fractional shares of preferred stock to which the depositary shares issued under the deposit agreement relate available to the holders of those depositary shares. A deposit agreement will automatically terminate if:
Miscellaneous. There will be provisions: (1) requiring the depositary to forward to holders of record of depositary shares any reports or communications from us which the depositary receives with respect to the preferred stock to which the depositary shares relate; (2) regarding compensation of the depositary; (3) regarding resignation of the depositary; (4) limiting our liability and the liability of the depositary under the deposit agreement (usually to failure to act in good faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct); and (5) indemnifying the depositary against certain possible liabilities.
CERTAIN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES
THE FOLLOWING IS A SUMMARY OF THE FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES RELEVANT TO AN INVESTOR IN iSTAR FINANCIAL AND OUR QUALIFICATION AS A REIT. THIS SUMMARY IS BASED ON CURRENT LAW. YOUR TAX CONSEQUENCES RELATED TO AN INVESTMENT IN iSTAR FINANCIAL MAY VARY DEPENDING ON YOUR PARTICULAR SITUATION AND THIS DISCUSSION DOES NOT PURPORT TO DISCUSS ALL ASPECTS OF TAXATION THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TO A HOLDER OF OUR SECURITIES IN LIGHT OF HIS OR HER PERSONAL INVESTMENT OR TAX CIRCUMSTANCES, OR TO HOLDERS OF OUR SECURITIES SUBJECT TO SPECIAL TREATMENT UNDER THE FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT DISCUSSED UNDER THE HEADINGS "TAXATION OF TAX-EXEMPT STOCKHOLDERS" AND "TAXATION OF NON-U.S. STOCKHOLDERS." INVESTORS SUBJECT TO SPECIAL TREATMENT INCLUDE, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INSURANCE COMPANIES, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, BROKER-DEALERS, TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS, INVESTORS HOLDING SECURITIES AS PART OF A CONVERSION TRANSACTION, OR A HEDGE OR HEDGING TRANSACTION OR AS A POSITION IN A STRADDLE FOR TAX PURPOSES, FOREIGN CORPORATIONS OR PARTNERSHIPS, AND PERSONS WHO ARE NOT CITIZENS OR RESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. IN ADDITION, THE SUMMARY BELOW DOES NOT CONSIDER THE EFFECT OF ANY FOREIGN, STATE, LOCAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS THAT MAY BE APPLICABLE TO YOU AS A HOLDER OF OUR SECURITIES.
This discussion is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the "Code") current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations promulgated under the Code, the legislative history of the Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, and court decisions, all as of the date of this prospectus. The administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service upon which this summary is based include its practices and policies as expressed in private letter rulings which are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service, except with respect to the taxpayers who requested and received such rulings. Future legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations and practices, and court decisions may affect the tax
19
consequences contained in this summary, possibly on a retroactive basis. We have not requested, and do not plan to request, any rulings from the Internal Revenue Service concerning our tax treatment or the tax consequences contained in this summary, and the statements in this prospectus are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or a court. Thus, we can provide no assurance that the tax consequences contained in this summary will not be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or sustained by a court if so challenged.
YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF: (1) THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OR OTHER DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES; (2) OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST FOR FEDERAL INCOME TAX PURPOSES; AND (3) POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.
Taxation of iStar FinancialGeneral
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1998. We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner which allows us to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code and we intend to continue to be organized and operate in this manner. Our qualification and taxation as a REIT, however, depend upon our ability to meet, through actual annual operating results, asset requirements, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership, and the various other qualification tests imposed under the Internal Revenue Code. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that we have operated or will continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. See "Failure to Qualify."
In the opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP, commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 1998, iStar Financial was organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT, and its present and proposed method of operation, as represented by iStar Financial, will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code. It must be emphasized that this opinion is based and conditioned upon certain assumptions and representations made by us as to factual matters (including our representations concerning our income and properties and the past, present, and future conduct of our business operations as set forth in this prospectus and one or more factual certificates provided by our officers). The opinion is expressed as of its date and Clifford Chance US LLP has no obligation to advise of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed or any subsequent change in the applicable law. Moreover, such qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, through actual annual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the various qualification tests imposed under the Code as discussed below, the results of which will not be reviewed by Clifford Chance US LLP. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operation for any one taxable year will satisfy such requirements. See "Failure to Qualify." An opinion of counsel is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service, and no assurance can be given that the Internal Revenue Service will not challenge our eligibility for taxation as a REIT.
The sections of the Code that relate to the qualification and taxation of REITs are highly technical and complex. The following describes the material aspects of the sections of the Internal Revenue Code that govern the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, rules and regulations promulgated under the Code, and administrative and judicial interpretations of the Code.
Provided we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on our net income that is currently distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation" that generally results from an investment in a corporation. Double taxation means taxation once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder level when such income is distributed. The Jobs and Growth Tax
20
Reconciliation Act of 2003 (or the 2003 Act) was recently enacted by Congress and signed by President Bush. Among other provisions, the 2003 Act generally lowers the rate at which stockholders who are individual U.S. stockholders (as defined herein) are taxed on corporate dividends to a maximum of 15% (the same as long-term capital gains), for the 2003 through 2008 tax years, thereby substantially reducing, though not completely eliminating, the double taxation that has historically applied to corporate dividends. With limited exceptions, however, dividends received from us or other entities that are taxed as REITs will continue to be taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income, which pursuant to the 2003 Act, will be as high as 35% through 2010.
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, however, we will be subject to federal income taxation as follows:
21
tenants. Redetermined deductions and excess interest represent amounts that are deducted by our taxable REIT subsidiary for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm's length negotiations.
Requirements for Qualification as a Real Estate Investment Trust
General
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
The Code provides that conditions (1) to (4) must be met during the entire year and that condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a year of twelve months, or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Conditions (5) and (6) do not apply to the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT.
We believe that we currently satisfy conditions (1) through (7) above. In addition, our Charter provides for restrictions regarding ownership and transfer of our stock. These restrictions are intended to assist us in satisfying the share ownership requirements described in (5) and (6) above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in (5) and (6) above. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, our status as a REIT would terminate. If, however, we comply with the rules contained in applicable Treasury regulations that require us to determine the actual ownership of our shares and we do not know, or would not have known through the exercise of reasonable diligence, that we failed to meet the requirement described in condition (6) above, we would not be disqualified as a REIT.
In addition, a corporation may not qualify as a REIT unless its taxable year is the calendar year. We have and will continue to have a calendar taxable year.
Ownership of a Partnership Interest
The Treasury regulations provide that if we are a partner in a partnership, we will be deemed to own our proportionate share of the assets of the partnership, and we will be deemed to be entitled to our proportionate share of the gross income of the partnership. The character of the assets and gross income of the partnership generally retains the same character in our hands for purposes of satisfying the gross income and asset tests described below.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries
A "qualified REIT subsidiary" is a corporation, all of the stock of which is owned by a REIT. Under the Code, a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a separate corporation from the REIT. Rather, all of the assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as the assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests described below.
22
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries. A "taxable REIT subsidiary" is a corporation which, together with a REIT, which owns an interest in such corporation, makes an election to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A taxable REIT subsidiary may earn income that would be nonqualifying income if earned directly by a REIT and is generally subject to full corporate level tax. A REIT may own up to 100% of the stock of a taxable REIT subsidiary.
Certain restrictions imposed on taxable REIT subsidiaries are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of federal income taxation. First, a taxable REIT subsidiary may not deduct interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed, generally, 50% of the taxable REIT subsidiary's adjusted taxable income for that year (although the taxable REIT subsidiary may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). In addition, if a taxable REIT subsidiary pays interest, rent or another amount to a REIT that exceeds the amount that would be paid to an unrelated party in an arm's length transaction, the REIT generally will be subject to an excise tax equal to 100% of such excess.
Income Tests
We must meet two annual gross income requirements to qualify as a REIT. First, each year we must derive at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including "rents from real property" and mortgage interest, or from specified temporary investments. Second, each year we must derive at least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, from investments meeting the 75% test described above, or from dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities. For these purposes, the term "interest" generally does not include any interest of which the amount received depends on the income or profits of any person. An amount will generally not be excluded from the term "interest," however, if such amount is based on a fixed percentage of gross receipts or sales.
Any amount includable in gross income by us with respect to a regular or residual interest in a REMIC is generally treated as interest on an obligation secured by a mortgage on real property for purposes of the 75% gross income test. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consist of real estate assets, we will be treated as receiving directly our proportionate share of the income of the REMIC, which would generally include non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. In addition, if we receive interest income with respect to a mortgage loan that is secured by both real property and other property and the principal amount of the loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property on the date we made the mortgage loan, interest income on the loan will be apportioned between the real property and the other property, which apportionment would cause us to recognize income that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test.
We may make loans that have shared appreciation provisions. To the extent interest on a loan is based on the cash proceeds from the sale or value of property, income attributable to such provision would be treated as gain from the sale of the secured property, which generally should qualify for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests.
We may employ, to the extent consistent with the REIT provisions of the Code, forms of securitization of our assets under which a "sale" of an interest in a mortgage loan occurs, and a resulting gain or loss is recorded on our balance sheet for accounting purposes at the time of sale. In a "sale" securitization, only the net retained interest in the securitized mortgage loans would remain on our balance sheet. We may elect to conduct certain of our securitization activities, including such sales, through one or more taxable subsidiaries, or through qualified REIT subsidiaries, formed for such purpose. To the extent consistent with the REIT provisions of the Code, such entities could be treated as taxable mortgage pools, or could elect to be taxed as REMICs or financial asset securitization investment trusts.
23
Lease income we receive will qualify as "rents from real property" only if the following conditions are met:
We intend to maintain our REIT status by carefully monitoring any potential nonqualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests discussed above. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any year, we may still qualify as a REIT if we are entitled to relief under the Internal Revenue Code. Generally, we may be entitled to relief if:
It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to rely on these relief provisions. If these relief provisions do not apply to a particular set of circumstances, we would not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above in "Taxation of iStar FinancialGeneral," even if these relief provisions apply, and we retain our status as a REIT, a tax would be imposed with respect to our income that does not meet the gross income tests. We may not always be able to maintain compliance with the gross income tests for REIT qualification despite periodically monitoring our income.
Foreclosure Property
Net income realized by us from foreclosure property would generally be subject to tax at the maximum federal corporate tax rate (currently 35%). Foreclosure property means real property and related personal property that: (1) is acquired by us through foreclosure following a default on a lease of such property or a default on indebtedness owed to us that is secured by the property; and (2) for which we make an election to treat the property as foreclosure property.
24
Prohibited Transaction Income
Any gain realized by us on the sale of any property, other than foreclosure property, held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business will be prohibited transaction income, and subject to a 100% penalty tax. Prohibited transaction income may also adversely affect our ability to satisfy the gross income tests for qualification as a REIT. Whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on all the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. While the Internal Revenue Code provides standards which, if met, would not result in prohibited transaction income, we may not be able to meet these standards in all circumstances.
Hedging Transactions
We may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including interest rate swaps or cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements, or similar financial instruments. To the extent that we enter into hedging transactions to reduce our interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets, any income, or gain from the disposition of hedging transactions should be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test.
Excess Inclusion Income
If we are deemed to have issued debt obligations having two or more maturities, the payments on which correspond to payments on mortgage loans owned by us, such arrangement may be treated as a "taxable mortgage pool" for federal income tax purposes. If all or a portion of our company is considered a taxable mortgage pool, our status as a REIT generally should not be impaired; however, a portion of our taxable income may be characterized as "excess inclusion income" and allocated to our stockholders. In addition, if we acquire any residual interest in a REMIC, a portion of our income derived from such residual interest may also be characterized as excess inclusion income. Any excess inclusion income:
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of each of our taxable years, we must satisfy four tests relating to the nature and diversification of our assets. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must be real estate assets, cash, cash items and government securities. For purposes of this test, real estate assets include real estate mortgages, real property, interests in other REITs and stock or debt instruments held for one year or less that are purchased with the proceeds of a stock offering or a long-term public debt offering. In addition, any regular or residual interests we hold in a REMIC are generally treated as a real estate asset for purposes of the asset tests described above. If, however, less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consist of real estate assets, we will be treated as holding our proportionate share of the assets of the REMIC which generally would include assets not qualifying as real estate assets. Second, not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities, other than those securities includable in the 75% asset class. Third, of the investments included in the 25% asset class and, except for investments in REITs, qualified REIT subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiaries, the
25
value of any one issuer's securities that we hold may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets, and we may not own more than 10% of the total vote or value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer except in the case of the 10% value test, certain "straight debt" securities). Fourth, not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities in one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.
We expect that any real property and temporary investments that we acquire will generally be qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test, except to the extent that less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC in which we own an interest consists of "real estate assets." Mortgage loans will generally be qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test to the extent that the principal balance of each mortgage loan does not exceed the value of the associated real property.
The asset tests must be satisfied not only on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we acquire securities in the applicable issuer, but also on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership of securities of such issuer. After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values. If we fail to satisfy an asset test because we acquire securities or other property during a quarter, we can cure this failure by disposing of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of the quarter. Although we plan to take steps to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to which testing is to occur, there can be no assurance that such steps will always be successful. If we fail to timely cure any noncompliance with the asset tests, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
Annual Distribution Requirements
To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to the sum of: (1) 90% of our "REIT taxable income"; and (2) 90% of our after tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus (3) the excess of the sum of certain items of non-cash income over 5% of our "REIT taxable income". In general, "REIT taxable income" means taxable ordinary income without regard to the dividends paid deduction.
We are required to distribute income in the taxable year in which it is earned, or in the following taxable year if such dividend distributions are declared in October, November or December of the taxable year, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date during such period and paid during January of the following year. Such distributions are treated as paid by us and received by our shareholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared. In addition, at our election, a distribution for a taxable year may be declared before we timely file our tax return and paid on or before our first regular dividend payment following such declaration, provided such payment is made during the twelve-month period following the close of our taxable year. These distributions are taxable to holders of common stock in the year in which paid, even though these distributions relate to our prior year for purposes of our 90% distribution requirement. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100% of our "REIT taxable income," we will be subject to tax at regular corporate tax rates.
From time to time we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the above distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of cash and payment of expenses, and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses in arriving at our taxable income. If these timing differences occur, in order to meet the REIT distribution requirements, we may need to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings, or to pay dividends in the form of taxable stock dividends.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify a failure to meet a distribution requirement for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to our stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being subject to tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. We will be required, however, to pay interest based
26
upon the amount of any deduction claimed for deficiency dividends. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the amounts actually distributed if we should fail to distribute each year at least the sum of 85% of our ordinary income for the year, 95% of our capital gain income for the year, and any undistributed taxable income from prior periods.
Recordkeeping Requirements
We are required to maintain records and request on an annual basis information from specified stockholders. These requirements are designed to assist us in determining the actual ownership of our outstanding stock and maintaining our qualifications as a REIT.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions of the Internal Revenue Code described above do not apply, we will be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, and possibly increased state and local taxes, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Such taxation would reduce the cash available for distribution by us to our stockholders. Distributions to our stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT will not be deductible by us and we will not be required to distribute any amounts to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, distributions to our stockholders will be subject to tax to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and, in the case of stockholders who are individual U.S. stockholders (as defined below), at preferential rates pursuant to the 2003 Act, and, subject to certain limitations of the Internal Revenue Code, corporate stockholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost our qualification. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to statutory relief.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders
When we use the term "U.S. stockholder," we mean a beneficial owner of shares of our stock who is, for United States federal income tax purposes:
If a partnership holds shares of our stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding shares of our stock, you should consult with your own tax advisor regarding the consequences of the ownership and disposition of shares of our stock.
Distributions Generally
Distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, other than capital gain dividends will generally be taxable to our U.S. stockholders as ordinary income. For this purpose, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to our outstanding preferred shares, and then to our
27
outstanding common shares. Provided we qualify as a REIT, our dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally available to U.S. stockholders that are corporations.
Dividends received from REITs are generally not eligible to be taxed at the preferential qualified dividend income rates applicable to individual U.S. stockholders who receive dividends from taxable C corporations pursuant to the 2003 Act. An exception applies, however, and individual U.S. stockholders are taxed at such rates on dividends designated by and received from REITs, to the extent that the dividends are attributable to (i) "REIT taxable income" that the REIT previously retained in the prior year, and on which it was subject to corporate level tax, (ii) dividends received by the REIT from taxable domestic C corporations, and certain foreign corporations or (iii) income from sales of appreciated property acquired from C corporations in carryover basis transactions that has been subject to tax at the REIT level.
To the extent that we make distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, these distributions will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to each U.S. stockholder, and will reduce the adjusted tax basis which each U.S. stockholder has in its shares of stock by the amount of the distribution, but not below zero. Return of capital distributions in excess of a U.S. stockholder's adjusted tax basis in its shares will be taxable as capital gain, provided that the shares have been held as capital assets, and will be taxable as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year.
Dividends we declare in October, November, or December of any year and pay to a stockholder of record on a specified date in any of those months will be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of that year, provided we pay the dividend in January of the following year. Stockholders may not include in their own income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses.
Capital Gain Distributions
Distributions designated as net capital gain dividends will be taxable to U.S. stockholders as capital gain income. Such capital gain income will be taxable to U.S. stockholders at a maximum rate of 15% (through 2008) in the case of U.S. stockholders who are individuals and 35% for corporations. Capital gains attributable to the sale of depreciable real property held for more than 12 months are subject to a 25% maximum federal income tax rate for U.S. stockholders who are individuals to the extent of previously claimed depreciation deductions. U.S. stockholders that are corporations may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
Retention of Net Capital Gains
We may elect to retain, rather than distribute as a capital gain dividend, our net capital gains. If we make this election, we would pay tax on such retained capital gains. In such a case, our stockholders would generally:
Passive Activity Losses and Investment Interest Limitations
Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. stockholder of our shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. stockholders will not be able to apply any "passive losses" against income or gain relating to our stock. Distributions we make, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation but the foregoing rule will not apply to
28
distributions representing dividends to the extent such amounts are taxed at the preferential rates as discussed below unless the U.S. stockholders elect to be taxed on such amounts at a higher rate.
Dispositions of Stock
If you are a U.S. stockholder and you sell or dispose of your shares of stock, you will recognize gain or loss for federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property you receive on the sale or other disposition and your adjusted tax basis in the shares of stock. In general, capital gains recognized by individuals and other non-corporate U.S. stockholders upon the sale or disposition of shares of our stock will, pursuant to the 2003 Act, be subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% for taxable years through 2008, if the shares are held for more than 12 months, and will be taxed at ordinary income rates (of up to 35% through 2010) if the shares are held for 12 months or less. Gains recognized by U.S. stockholders that are corporations are subject to federal income tax at a maximum rate of 35%, whether or not classified as long-term capital gains. Capital losses recognized by a U.S. stockholder upon the disposition of our common stock are generally available only to offset capital gain income of the U.S. stockholder but not ordinary income (except in the case of individuals, who may offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income each year). In addition, if you are a U.S. stockholder and you recognize loss upon the sale or other disposition of stock that you have held for six months or less, the loss you recognize will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent you received distributions from us which were required to be treated as long-term capital gains.
If a U.S. stockholder recognizes a loss upon a subsequent disposition of shares of our common stock in an amount that exceeds a prescribed threshold, it is possible that the provisions of recently adopted Treasury regulations involving "reportable transactions" could apply, with a resulting requirement to separately disclose the loss generating transaction to the IRS. While these regulations are directed towards "tax shelters," they are written quite broadly, and apply to transactions that would not typically be considered tax shelters. In addition, legislative proposals have been introduced in Congress, that, if enacted, would impose significant penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. You should consult your tax advisors concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of shares of our common stock, or transactions that might be undertaken directly or indirectly by us. Moreover, you should be aware that we and other participants in transactions involving us (including their advisors) might be subject to disclosure or other requirements pursuant to these regulations.
Backup Withholding
We report to our U.S. stockholders and the Internal Revenue Service the amount of dividends paid during each calendar year, and the amount of any tax withheld. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding with respect to dividends paid unless the holder is a corporation or comes within other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact, or provides a taxpayer identification number or social security number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. A U.S. stockholder that does not provide us with his correct taxpayer identification number or social security number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder's income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status.
29
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Except as provided below, the Internal Revenue Service has ruled that amounts distributed as dividends by a REIT do not constitute unrelated business taxable income when received by a tax-exempt entity, provided that the shares of the REIT are not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business. Based on that ruling, provided that a tax-exempt stockholder has not held its shares as "debt financed property" within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code and the shares are not otherwise used in a unrelated trade or business, dividend income on our stock and income from the sale of our stock should not be unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt stockholder. Generally, debt financed property is property, the acquisition or holding of which was financed through a borrowing by the tax-exempt stockholder.
For tax-exempt stockholders which are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, income from an investment in our shares will constitute unrelated business taxable income unless the organization is able to claim properly a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our shares. These prospective investors should consult their tax advisors concerning these "set aside" and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a "pension-held REIT" may be treated as unrelated business taxable income as to any pension trust which:
Tax-exempt pension funds that are described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code are referred to below as "qualified trusts." A REIT is a "pension held REIT" if:
The percentage of any REIT dividend treated as unrelated business taxable income is equal to the ratio of:
A de minimis exception applies where the percentage is less than 5% for any year. As a result of the limitations on the transfer and ownership of stock contained in our Charter, we do not expect to be classified as a "pension-held REIT."
Excess Inclusion Income:
A portion of our net income attributable to assets financed through our STARs(SM) program (and, therefore, a portion of the dividends payable by us) may be treated as excess inclusion income from a residual interest in a taxable mortgage pool, which may constitute unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt stockholder. These amounts have historically been immaterial and we expect that they will
30
be immaterial in the future. Prospective stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the federal income tax consequences to them of incurring Excess Inclusion income.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The rules governing federal income taxation of beneficial owners of our stock that are not U.S. stockholders ("Non-U.S. stockholders") are complex and no attempt will be made herein to provide more than a summary of such rules.
PROSPECTIVE NON-U.S. STOCKHOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN, FEDERAL, STATE, AND LOCAL INCOME TAX LAWS WITH REGARD TO AN INVESTMENT IN OUR SECURITIES AND OF OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUST INCLUDING ANY REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.
Distributions to Non-U.S. stockholders that are not attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests and are not designated by us as capital gain dividends or retained capital gains will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such distributions will generally be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates that tax. However, if income from an investment in our stock is treated as effectively connected with the Non-U.S. stockholder's conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the Non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such distributions (and also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a Non-U.S. stockholder that is a corporation). We expect to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distributions made to a Non-U.S. stockholder unless: (1) a lower treaty rate applies and any required form, such as IRS Form W-8BEN, evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate is filed by the Non-U.S. stockholder with us; or (2) the Non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income.
Any portion of the dividends paid to Non-U.S. stockholders that is treated as excess inclusion income from a REMIC or a taxable mortgage pool will, pursuant to regulations to be issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, not be eligible for exemption from the 30% withholding tax or a reduced treaty rate.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent that such distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder's stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits exceed the adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. stockholder's stock, such distributions will give rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. stockholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of its stock, as described below. Because it generally cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made whether or not such distribution will be in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, the entire amount of any distribution normally will be subject to withholding at the same rate as a dividend. However, amounts so withheld are refundable to the extent it is subsequently determined that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. We are also required to withhold 10% of any distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so, any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30% will be subject to withholding at a rate of 10%.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, distributions that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges of a U.S. real property interest, which includes certain interests in real property, but generally does not include mortgage loans, will be taxed to a Non-U.S. stockholder under the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 ("FIRPTA"). We hold both
31
assets that constitute U.S. real property interests and assets that do not. To the extent our assets do not constitute U.S. real property interests, distributions by us from the sales of such assets will not be subject to tax under the FIRPTA rules. Under FIRPTA, distributions attributable to gain from sales of U.S. real property interests are taxed to a Non-U.S. stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. business. Non-U.S. stockholders thus would be taxed at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals). Distributions subject to FIRPTA also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a Non-U.S. stockholder that is a corporation. We are required to withhold 35% of any distribution that could be designated by us as a capital gains dividend, even if such distributions are not from the sale by us of U.S. real property interests, and, therefore, not subject to tax under FIRPTA. The amount withheld is creditable against the Non-U.S. stockholder's FIRPTA tax liability and, to the extent it exceeds such Non-U.S. stockholder's tax liability, will be refundable.
Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. stockholder upon a sale of our stock generally will not be taxed under FIRPTA if we are a "domestically controlled REIT," which is a REIT in which at all times during a specified testing period less than 50% in value of the stock was held directly or indirectly by Non-U.S. persons. Although we currently believe that we are a "domestically controlled REIT," because our stock is publicly traded, no assurance can be given that we are or will remain a "domestically controlled REIT." Even if we do not qualify as a "domestically controlled REIT," a an alternative exemption to tax under FIRPTA might be available if either (a) we are not (and have not been for the five year period prior to the sale) a U.S. real property holding corporation (as defined in the Code and applicable Treasury Regulations to generally include a corporation, 50% or more of the assets of which consist of U.S. real property interests) or (b) the selling Non-U.S. stockholder owns, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our stock throughout a specified testing period and our shares are regularly traded (as defined in applicable Treasury Regulations) on an established securities market. If we did not qualify as a domestically controlled REIT and a Non-U.S. stockholder does not qualify for the above exception, amounts realized by such Non-U.S. stockholder upon a sale of our stock generally would be subject to withholding under FIRPTA at a rate of 10%.
Gain not subject to FIRPTA will be taxable to a Non-U.S. stockholder if: (1) the Non-U.S. stockholder's investment in the stock is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business, in which case the Non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain; or (2) the Non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and other conditions are met, in which case the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's capital gains. If the gain on the sale of the stock were to be subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Non-U.S. stockholder would be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax, a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals, and the possible application of the 30% branch profits tax in the case of Non-U.S. corporations).
State, Local and Foreign Taxation
We may be required to pay state, local and foreign taxes in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions, including those in which we transact business or make investments, and our stockholders may be required to pay state, local and foreign taxes in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions, including those in which they reside. Our state, local and foreign tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences summarized above. In addition, your state, local and foreign tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences summarized above. Consequently, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the effect of state, local and foreign tax laws on an investment in our securities.
32
Possible Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to the tax law, which may have retroactive application, could adversely affect us and our investors. It cannot be predicted whether, when, in what forms, or with what effective dates, the tax law applicable to us or our investors will be changed.
We may sell the securities offered by this prospectus to one or more underwriters for public offering and sale by them or we may sell the securities to investors directly or through agents. Any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.
Underwriters may offer and sell the securities at a fixed price or prices, which may be changed, related to the prevailing market prices at the time of sale or at negotiated prices. We also may, from time to time, authorize underwriters acting as agents to offer and sell the securities to purchasers upon the terms and conditions set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. In connection with the sale of securities, underwriters may be deemed to have received compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from purchasers of securities for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell securities to or through dealers, and the dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.
Securities may also be sold in one or more of the following transactions: (a) block transactions (which may involve crosses) in which a broker-dealer may sell all or a portion of the securities as agent but may position and resell all or a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; (b) purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to a prospectus supplement; (c) a special offering, an exchange distribution or a secondary distribution in accordance with applicable New York Stock Exchange or other stock exchange rules; (d) ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which a broker-dealer solicits purchasers; (e) sales "at the market" to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise, for shares; and (f) sales in other ways not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers. Broker-dealers may also receive compensation from purchasers of these securities which is not expected to exceed that customary in the types of transactions involved.
Any underwriting compensation paid by us to underwriters or agents in connection with the offering of securities, and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers, will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Underwriters, dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us and our operating partnership, to indemnification against and contribution toward civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Any securities issued hereunder (other than common stock) will be new issues of securities with no established trading market. Any underwriters or agents to or through whom such securities are sold by us or the operating partnership for public offering and sale may make a market in such securities, but such underwriters or agents will not be obligated to do so and may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. We cannot assure you as to the liquidity of the trading market for any such securities.
33
In connection with the offering of the securities described in this prospectus and an accompanying prospectus supplement, certain underwriters and selling group members and their respective affiliates, may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the security being offered. These transactions may include stabilization transactions effected in accordance with Rule 104 of Regulation M promulgated by the SEC pursuant to which these persons may bid for or purchase securities for the purpose of stabilizing their market price.
The underwriters in an offering of these securities may also create a "short position" for their account by selling more equity securities or a larger principal amount of debt securities in connection with the offering than they are committed to purchase from us. In that case, the underwriters could cover all or a portion of the short position by either purchasing the securities in the open market following completion of the offering or by exercising any over-allotment option granted to them by us. In addition, the managing underwriter may impose "penalty bids" under contractual arrangements with other underwriters, which means that they can reclaim from an underwriter (or any selling group member participating in the offering) for the account of the other underwriters, the selling concession for the securities that is distributed in the offering but subsequently purchased for the account of the underwriters in the open market. Any of the transactions described in this paragraph or comparable transactions that are described in any accompanying prospectus supplement may result in the maintenance of the price of our securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. None of the transactions described in this paragraph or in an accompanying prospectus supplement are required to be taken by any underwriters and, if they are undertaken, may be discontinued at any time.
Any underwriters and their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with and perform services for us and the operating partnership and its subsidiaries in the ordinary course of business.
Clifford Chance US LLP, 200 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10166, will pass upon the validity of the securities we are offering by this prospectus. If the validity of any securities is also passed upon by counsel for the underwriters of an offering of those securities, that counsel will be named in the prospectus supplement relating to that offering.
The financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 have been so incorporated in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
We are incorporating by reference in this prospectus the following documents which we have previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the File Number 1-10150:
34
Whenever after the date of this prospectus we file reports or documents under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, those reports and documents will be deemed to be part of this prospectus from the time they are filed. If anything in a report or document we file after the date of this prospectus changes anything in it, this prospectus will be deemed to be changed by that subsequently filed report or document beginning on the date the report or document is filed.
We will provide to each person to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus, but not delivered with this prospectus. We will provide this information at no cost to the requestor upon written or oral request addressed to iStar Financial Inc., 1114 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10036, attention: Investor Relations Department (Telephone: (212) 930-9400).
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other materials with the SEC. The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers (including us) that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov.
Reports, proxy statements and other information we file also can be inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
35
You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference is accurate only as of their respective dates. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Prospectus Supplement | ||
Forward-Looking Statements |
i |
|
Prospectus Summary | S-1 | |
Risk Factors | S-7 | |
Use of Proceeds | S-8 | |
Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends and Earnings to Fixed Charges | S-8 | |
Ratios of EBITDA to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends and EBITDA to Interest Expense | S-8 | |
Description of the Series I Preferred Stock | S-10 | |
Federal Income Tax Consequences | S-15 | |
Underwriting | S-16 | |
Legal Matters | S-17 | |
Experts | S-17 | |
Prospectus |
||
About This Prospectus | 1 | |
Forward-Looking Statements | 1 | |
iStar Financial Inc. | 2 | |
Risk Factors | 2 | |
Ratios of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends and Earnings to Fixed Charges | 8 | |
Selected Financial Data | 8 | |
Use of Proceeds | 10 | |
Description of Debt Securities | 11 | |
Description of Warrants | 13 | |
Description of Common Stock and Preferred Stock | 14 | |
Description of Depositary Shares | 18 | |
Certain Federal Income Tax Consequences | 19 | |
Plan of Distribution | 33 | |
Legal Matters | 34 | |
Experts | 34 | |
Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference | 34 | |
Information We File | 35 |
5,000,000 Shares
7.50% Series I Cumulative
Redeemable Preferred Stock
Liquidation Preference
$25.00 Per Share
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc.
Sole Book-Running Manager
McDonald Investments Inc.
Stifel, Nicolaus & Company
Incorporated
Advest, Inc.
BB&T Capital Markets
February 25, 2004