Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014

or

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             .

Commission File No. 001-33099

 

 

 

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BlackRock, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   32-0174431

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

55 East 52nd Street, New York, NY 10055

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(212) 810-5300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $.01 par value   New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known, seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one)

 

Large accelerated filer   x    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the voting common stock and nonvoting common stock equivalents held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2014 was approximately $52.6 billion.

As of January 31, 2015, there were 165,405,059 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

The following documents are incorporated by reference herein:

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement of BlackRock, Inc. to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A of the general rules and regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, for the 2015 annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 28, 2015 (“Proxy Statement”) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

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BlackRock, Inc.

Table of Contents

 

PART I
Item 1 Business   1   
Item 1A Risk Factors   17   
Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments   24   
Item 2 Properties   24   
Item 3 Legal Proceedings   24   
Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures   25   
PART II
Item 5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities   25   
Item 6 Selected Financial Data   26   
Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   28   
Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   54   
Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplemental Data   55   
Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure   55   
Item 9A Controls and Procedures   55   
Item 9B Other Information   58   
PART III
Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance   58   
Item 11 Executive Compensation   58   
Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters   58   
Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence   58   
Item 14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services   58   
PART IV
Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules   58   
Signatures   62   


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PART I

 

Item 1. Business

OVERVIEW

BlackRock, Inc. (together, with its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates, “BlackRock” or the “Company”) is a leading publicly traded investment management firm with $4.652 trillion of assets under management (“AUM”) at December 31, 2014. With employees in more than 30 countries who serve clients in over 100 countries across the globe, BlackRock provides a broad range of investment and risk management services to institutional and retail clients worldwide.

Our diverse platform of active (alpha) and index (beta) investment strategies across asset classes enables the Company to tailor investment outcomes and asset allocation solutions for clients. Our product offerings include single- and multi-asset class portfolios investing in equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market instruments. Products are offered directly and through intermediaries in a variety of vehicles, including open-end and closed-end mutual funds, iShares® exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), separate accounts, collective investment funds and other pooled investment vehicles. We also offer our BlackRock Solutions® (“BRS”) investment and risk management technology platform, Aladdin®, risk analytics and advisory services and solutions to a broad base of institutional investors. The Company is highly regulated and serves its clients as a fiduciary. We do not engage in proprietary trading activities that could conflict with the interests of our clients.

BlackRock serves a diverse mix of institutional and retail clients across the globe. Clients include tax-exempt institutions, such as defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans, charities, foundations and endowments; official institutions, such as central banks, sovereign wealth funds, supranationals and other government entities; taxable institutions, including insurance companies, financial institutions, corporations and third-party fund sponsors, and retail investors.

BlackRock maintains a significant global sales and marketing presence that is focused on establishing and maintaining retail and institutional investment management relationships by marketing its services to investors directly and through financial professionals and pension consultants, and establishing third-party distribution relationships.

BlackRock is an independent, publicly traded company, with no single majority shareholder and over two-thirds of its Board of Directors consisting of independent directors. At December 31, 2014, The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”) held 21.0% of BlackRock’s voting common stock and 22.0% of BlackRock’s capital stock, which includes outstanding common stock and nonvoting preferred stock.

Management seeks to achieve attractive returns for stockholders over time by, among other things, capitalizing on the following factors:

 

    the Company’s focus on strong performance providing alpha for active products and limited or no tracking error for index products;

 

    the Company’s global reach and commitment to best practices around the world, with approximately 48% of employees outside the United States supporting local investment capabilities and serving clients, and approximately 43% of total AUM managed for clients domiciled outside the United States;

 

    the Company’s diversified active and index product offerings, which enhance its ability to offer a variety of traditional and alternative investment products across the risk spectrum and to tailor single- and multi-asset investment solutions to address specific client needs;

 

    the Company’s differentiated client relationships and fiduciary focus, which enable effective positioning toward changing client needs and macro trends including the secular shift to passive investing and ETFs, a focus on income and retirement, and barbelling of risk using index and active products, including alternatives; and

 

    the Company’s longstanding commitment to risk management and the continued development of, and increased interest in, BRS products and services.

BlackRock operates in a global marketplace characterized by a high degree of market volatility and economic uncertainty, factors that can significantly affect earnings and stockholder returns in any given period.

The Company’s ability to increase revenue, earnings and stockholder value over time is predicated on its ability to generate new business, including business in BRS products and services. New business efforts are dependent on BlackRock’s ability to achieve clients’ investment objectives in a manner consistent with their risk preferences and to deliver excellent client service. All of these efforts require the commitment and contributions of BlackRock employees. Accordingly, the ability to attract, develop and retain talented professionals is critical to the Company’s long-term success.

 

 

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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

 

(in millions, except per share data) 2014   2013   2012   2011   2010   5-Year
CAGR(4)
 

Total revenue

$  11,081    $  10,180    $ 9,337    $ 9,081    $ 8,612      19 % 

Operating income

$ 4,474    $ 3,857    $ 3,524    $ 3,249    $ 2,998      28 % 

Operating margin

  40.4 %    37.9   37.7   35.8   34.8   8 % 

Nonoperating income (expense)(1)

$ (49 )  $ 97    $ (36 $ (116 $ 36      n/a   

Net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc.

$ 3,294    $ 2,932    $ 2,458    $ 2,337    $ 2,063      30 % 

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 19.25    $ 16.87    $  13.79    $  12.37    $  10.55      26 % 

 

(in millions, except per share data) 2014   2013   2012   2011   2010   5-Year
CAGR(4)
 

As adjusted(2):

Operating income

$ 4,563    $ 4,024    $ 3,574    $ 3,392    $ 3,167      24 % 

Operating margin(2)

  42.9 %    41.4   40.4   39.7   39.3   2 % 

Nonoperating income (expense)(1)

$ (56 )  $ 7    $ (42 $ (113 $ 25      n/a   

Net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc. (3)

$ 3,310    $ 2,882    $ 2,438    $ 2,239    $ 2,139      27 % 

Diluted earnings per common share(3)

$ 19.34    $ 16.58    $  13.68    $  11.85    $  10.94      22 % 

 

n/a — not applicable

 

(1) Net of net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (“NCI”) (redeemable and nonredeemable).

 

(2) BlackRock reports its financial results in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”); however, management believes evaluating the Company’s ongoing operating results may be enhanced if investors have additional non-GAAP financial measures.

 

  See Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures, for further information on non-GAAP financial measures and for as adjusted items for 2014, 2013 and 2012. In 2011, operating income, as adjusted, included U.K. lease exit costs which represent costs to exit two locations in London and restructuring charges. In 2010, operating income, as adjusted, excluded certain expenses incurred related to the integration of the acquisition of Barclays Global Investors (“BGI”). In 2011 and 2010, the portion of compensation expense associated with certain long-term incentive plans (“LTIP”) funded, or to be funded, through share distributions to participants of BlackRock stock held by PNC has been excluded because it ultimately does not impact BlackRock’s book value. Compensation expense associated with appreciation (depreciation) on investments related to certain BlackRock deferred compensation plans has been excluded as returns on investments set aside for these plans, which substantially offset this expense, are reported in nonoperating income (expense).

 

(3) Net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc., as adjusted, and diluted earnings per common share, as adjusted exclude the after-tax impact of the items listed above and also include the effect on deferred income tax expense attributable to changes in corporate income tax rates as a result of income tax law changes and a state tax election.

 

(4) Percentage represents compounded annual growth rate (“CAGR”) over a five-year period (2009-2014).

ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT

The Company’s AUM by product type for the years 2010 through 2014 is presented below.

 

  December 31,  
(in millions) 2014   2013   2012   2011   2010   5-Year
CAGR(1)
 

Equity

$ 2,451,111    $ 2,317,695    $ 1,845,501    $ 1,560,106    $ 1,694,467      10

Fixed income

  1,393,653      1,242,186      1,259,322      1,247,722      1,141,324      6

Multi-asset

  377,837      341,214      267,748      225,170      185,587      22

Alternatives

  111,240      111,114      109,795      104,948      109,738      2

Long-term

  4,333,841      4,012,209      3,482,366      3,137,946      3,131,116      9

Cash management

  296,353      275,554      263,743      254,665      279,175      (3 )% 

Advisory

  21,701      36,325      45,479      120,070      150,677      (33 )% 

Total

$  4,651,895   $  4,324,088    $  3,791,588    $  3,512,681    $  3,560,968      7

 

(1) Percentage represents CAGR over a five-year period (2009-2014).

 

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Component changes in AUM by product type for the five years ended December 31, 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31,
2009
  Net Inflows
(Outflows)
 

Adjustment/

Acquisition(1)

  Market
Change
 

FX Impact

  December 31,
2014
  5-Year
CAGR
 

Equity

$ 1,536,055    $ 270,872    $ (125,860 $ 831,522    $ (61,478 $ 2,451,111      10

Fixed income

  1,055,627      82,232      (14,270   297,702      (27,638   1,393,653      6

Multi-asset

  142,029      156,003      9,499      83,397      (13,091   377,837      22

Alternatives

  102,101      (11,759   18,956      4,298      (2,356   111,240      2

Long-term

  2,835,812      497,348      (111,675 )    1,216,919      (104,563 )    4,333,841      9

Cash management

  349,277      (43,523   (5,914   3,182      (6,669   296,353      (3 )% 

Advisory

  161,167       (137,078   (10   1,136      (3,514   21,701      (33 )% 

Total

$  3,346,256    $  316,747    $  (117,599 )  $  1,221,237    $  (114,746 )  $  4,651,895      7

 

(1) Amounts include acquisition adjustments and reclassification of certain AUM acquired from BGI in December 2009. Amounts also include AUM acquired from Swiss Re Private Equity Partners (“SRPEP”) in September 2012, Claymore Investments, Inc. (“Claymore”) in March 2012, Credit Suisse’s ETF franchise (“Credit Suisse ETF Transaction”) in July 2013 and MGPA in October 2013, and other reclassifications to conform to current period combined AUM policy and presentation. Amounts also include BGI merger-related outflows due to manager concentration considerations prior to the third quarter of 2011 and outflows from scientific active equity performance prior to the second quarter of 2011. As a result of client investment manager concentration limits and the scientific active equity performance, outflows were expected to occur for a period of time subsequent to the close of the transaction.

 

AUM represents the broad ranges of financial assets we manage for clients on a discretionary basis pursuant to investment management agreements that are expected to continue for at least 12 months. In general, reported AUM reflects the valuation methodology that corresponds to the basis used for billing (for example, net asset value). Reported AUM does not include assets for which we provide risk management or other forms of nondiscretionary advice, or assets that we are retained to manage on a short-term, temporary basis.

Investment management fees are typically expressed as a percentage of AUM. We also earn performance fees on certain portfolios relative to an agreed-upon benchmark or return hurdle. On some products, we also may earn securities lending fees. In addition, BlackRock offers its

proprietary Aladdin investment system as well as risk management, outsourcing and advisory services, to institutional investors under the BRS name. Revenue for these services may be based on several criteria including value of positions, number of users, accomplishment of specific deliverables or other objectives.

At December 31, 2014, total AUM was $4.652 trillion, representing a CAGR of 7% over the last five years. AUM growth during the period was achieved through the combination of net market valuation gains, net new business and acquisitions, including Claymore and SRPEP, which added $13.7 billion of AUM in 2012, and Credit Suisse and MGPA, which collectively added $26.9 billion of AUM in 2013. Our AUM mix encompasses a broadly diversified product range, as described below.

 

 

The Company considers the categorization of its AUM by client type, product type, investment style and client region useful to understanding its business. The following discussion of the Company’s AUM will be organized as follows:

 

Client Type Product Type Client Region

¨ Retail

¨ Equity ¨ Americas

¨ iShares

¨ Fixed Income ¨ Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”)

¨ Institutional

¨ Multi-asset ¨ Asia-Pacific
¨ Alternatives
  ¨ Cash Management  

 

CLIENT TYPE

Our organizational structure was designed to ensure that strong investment performance is our highest priority, and that we best align with our clients’ needs to capitalize on broader industry trends. Furthermore, our structure

facilitates strong teamwork globally across both functions and regions in order to enhance our ability to leverage best practices to serve our clients and continue to develop our talent. Specifically, our investments functions are split into five distinct strategies: Alpha, Beta, Multi-Asset, Alternatives and Trading/Liquidity.

 

 

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We serve a diverse mix of institutional and retail clients across the globe. Clients include tax-exempt institutions, such as defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans, charities, foundations and endowments; official institutions, such as central banks, sovereign wealth funds, supranationals and other government entities; taxable

institutions, including insurance companies, financial institutions, corporations and third-party fund sponsors, and retail investors. iShares is presented as a separate client type below, with investments in iShares by institutions and retail clients excluded from figures and discussions in their respective sections below.

 

 

AUM by investment style and client type at December 31, 2014 is presented below.

 

(in millions) Retail   iShares   Institutional   Total  

Active

$ 494,455    $    $ 959,160    $ 1,453,615   

Non-ETF Index

  39,874           1,816,124      1,855,998   

iShares

       1,024,228           1,024,228   

Long-term

  534,329      1,024,228      2,775,284      4,333,841   

Cash management

  41,841           254,512      296,353   

Advisory

            21,701      21,701   

Total AUM

$  576,170    $  1,024,228    $  3,051,497    $  4,651,895   

Retail

 

BlackRock serves retail investors globally through a wide array of vehicles across the active and passive spectrum, including separate accounts, open-end and closed-end funds, unit trusts and private investment funds. Retail investors are served principally through intermediaries, including broker-dealers, banks, trust companies, insurance companies and independent financial advisors. Clients invest primarily in mutual funds, which totaled $440.2

billion, or 82%, of retail long-term AUM at year-end, with the remainder invested in private investment funds and separately managed accounts (“SMAs”). The majority (93%) of long-term retail AUM is invested in active products, although this is impacted by iShares being shown separately. Retail represented 12% of long-term AUM at December 31, 2014 and 35% of long-term base fees for 2014.

 

 

Component changes in retail AUM for 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31,
2013
  Net Inflows   Market
Change
 

FX
Impact

  December 31,
2014
 

Equity

$ 203,035    $ 1,582    $ 1,831    $ (6,003 $ 200,445   

Fixed income

  151,475      36,995      3,698      (2,348   189,820   

Multi-asset class

  117,054      13,366      (4,080   (999   125,341   

Alternatives

  16,213      3,001      152      (643   18,723   

Total Retail

$  487,777    $  54,944    $  1,601    $ (9,993 )  $  534,329   

 

The retail client base is diversified geographically, with 71% of long-term AUM managed for investors based in the Americas, 23% in EMEA and 6% in Asia-Pacific at year-end 2014.

 

    U.S. retail long-term net inflows of $31.6 billion, or 10% organic growth, were led by fixed income inflows of $23.3 billion. Fixed income net inflows were diversified across exposures and products, with strong flows into our unconstrained, high yield and core bond offerings. Multi-asset class net inflows of $6.7 billion were driven by demand for our Multi-Asset Income fund, which had $5.0 billion of net inflows. Our suite of retail alternatives mutual funds continued to gain traction, raising $2.7 billion of net inflows, and we remain committed to broadening the distribution of alternatives funds to bring institutional-quality alternatives products to retail investors. Net inflows across fixed income, multi-asset class and alternatives were partially offset by equity net outflows of $1.0 billion, driven by historical
   

performance-related redemptions from U.S. large cap equities, but we continue to make progress on the reinvigoration and globalization of our fundamental active equity business.

 

    International retail long-term net inflows of $23.4 billion, representing 15% organic growth, were positive across major regions and diversified across asset classes. Fixed income products generated net inflows of $13.7 billion, led by short duration and unconstrained strategies as investors looked to manage duration and generate yield in their portfolios. Multi-asset class net inflows of $6.7 billion were driven by flows into the cross-border versions of our Global Allocation and Multi-Asset Income funds. Equity net inflows of $2.6 billion reflected strong flows into index mutual funds, partially offset by outflows from our European Equities suite, due to macro headwinds as European market sentiment declined.
 

 

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iShares

iShares is the leading ETF provider in the world, with $1.0 trillion of AUM at December 31, 2014 and was the top asset gatherer globally in 20141 with $100.6 billion of net inflows for an organic growth rate of 11%. Equity net inflows of $59.6 billion were driven by flows into the Core Series and into funds with broad U.S. equity market exposures, partially offset by outflows from emerging markets products. Fixed income net inflows of $40.0 billion were diversified across exposures and product lines, with European-listed iShares raising $16.6 billion, or 41%, of fixed income net inflows. iShares multi-asset class and alternatives funds contributed a combined $1.0 billion of net inflows, primarily into commodities. iShares represented 24% of long-term AUM at December 31, 2014 and 35% of long-term base fees for 2014.

Component changes in iShares AUM for 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31,
2013
  Net
Inflows
  Market
Change
 

FX
Impact

  December 31,
2014
 

Equity

$ 718,135    $ 59,626    $ 26,517    $ (14,211 $ 790,067   

Fixed income

  178,835      40,007      4,905      (6,076   217,671   

Multi-asset class

  1,310      439      37      (13   1,773   

Alternatives(1)

  16,092      529      (1,722   (182   14,717   

Total iShares

$  914,372    $  100,601    $  29,737    $ (20,482 $  1,024,228   

 

(1) Amounts include commodity iShares.

 

Our broad iShares product range offers investors a precise, transparent and efficient way to tap market returns and gain access to a full range of asset classes and global markets that have been difficult for many investors to access, as well as the liquidity required to make adjustments to their exposures quickly and cost-efficiently.

 

    U.S. iShares AUM ended at $752.0 billion with $80.6 billion of net inflows driven by strong demand for U.S. equities as well as a diverse range of fixed income products.2 During the fourth quarter of 2012, we debuted the Core Series in the United States and in 2014 we doubled the range by adding 10 funds, as buy-and-hold investors increasingly turn to iShares to efficiently construct larger portions of their portfolios. The U.S. Core Series again demonstrated solid results in its second full year, raising $25.7 billion in net inflows, primarily in U.S. equity and U.S. aggregate bond exposures.
    International iShares AUM ended at $272.2 billion with robust net new business of $20.0 billion led by fixed income net inflows of $17.0 billion, primarily into yield-focused categories including investment grade corporate and emerging markets debt.2 In 2014, we expanded our international presence and offerings among buy-and-hold investors through the launches of Core Series product lines in Canada and Europe.

Institutional

BlackRock’s institutional AUM is well diversified by both product and region, and we serve institutional investors on six continents in sub-categories including: pensions, endowments and foundations, official institutions, and financial institutions.

 

1 Source: BlackRock; Bloomberg

 

2 Regional iShares amounts based on jurisdiction of product, not underlying client
 

Component changes in Institutional AUM for 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31, 2013   Net Inflows
(Outflows)
  Market
Change
 

FX
Impact

  December 31, 2014  

Active:

Equity

$ 138,726    $  (18,648 $ 9,935    $ (4,870 $ 125,143   

Fixed income

  505,109      (6,943   34,062      (13,638   518,590   

Multi-asset class

  215,276      15,835      23,435      (11,633   242,913   

Alternatives

  73,299      (664   1,494      (1,615   72,514   

Active subtotal

  932,410      (10,420   68,926      (31,756   959,160   

Index:

Equity

  1,257,799      9,860      102,549      (34,752   1,335,456   

Fixed income

  406,767      26,347      56,086      (21,628   467,572   

Multi-asset class

  7,574      (735   1,652      (681   7,810   

Alternatives

  5,510      656      (693   (187   5,286   

Index subtotal

  1,677,650      36,128      159,594      (57,248   1,816,124   

Total Institutional

$  2,610,060    $ 25,708    $  228,520    $ (89,004 $  2,775,284   

 

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Institutional active AUM ended 2014 at $959.2 billion, up $26.8 billion, or 3%, since year-end 2013. Institutional active represented 22% of long-term AUM and 20% of long-term base fees. Growth in AUM reflected continued strength in multi-asset class products with net inflows of $15.8 billion largely from defined contribution plans into target date offerings. Multi-asset class net inflows were offset by equity net outflows of $18.6 billion, with 63% of outflows coming from fundamental strategies. Fixed income net outflows of $6.9 billion were primarily due to several large client-specific asset allocation decisions and corporate actions such as client acquisitions. These events offset positive momentum in credit mandates. Alternatives net outflows of $0.7 billion included $3.1 billion of return of capital; excluding return of capital, alternatives net inflows of $2.4 billion were led by inflows into hedge fund and private equity solutions.

Institutional index AUM totaled $1.816 trillion at December 31, 2014, reflecting net inflows of $36.1 billion. Flows were led by fixed income with net inflows of $26.3 billion, primarily into local currency, U.S. targeted duration and global bond mandates, reflecting solutions-based LDI activity and portfolio rebalancing. Equities saw net inflows of $9.9 billion, primarily into global mandates, as clients increasingly looked to use passive vehicles for broad macro exposure. Institutional index represented 42% of long-term AUM at December 31, 2014 and accounted for 10% of long-term base fees for 2014.

The Company’s institutional clients consist of the following:

 

    Pensions, Foundations and Endowments. BlackRock is among the largest managers of pension plan assets in the world with $1.877 trillion, or 68%, of long-term
   

institutional AUM managed for defined benefit, defined contribution and other pension plans for corporations, governments and unions at December 31, 2014. The market landscape is shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution, driving strong flows in our defined contribution channel, which had $29.3 billion of long-term net inflows for the year, or 6% organic growth, driven by continued demand for our LifePath® target-date suite. We ended 2014 with $599.2 billion in defined contribution AUM, and remain well positioned to capitalize on the on-going evolution of the defined contribution market and demand for outcome-oriented investments. An additional $55.6 billion, or 2% of long-term institutional AUM, was managed for other tax-exempt investors, including charities, foundations and endowments.

 

    Official Institutions. We also managed $228.8 billion, or 8%, of long-term institutional AUM for official institutions, including central banks, sovereign wealth funds, supranationals, multilateral entities and government ministries and agencies at year-end 2014. These clients often require specialized investment advice, the use of customized benchmarks and training support.

 

    Financial and Other Institutions. BlackRock is a top independent manager of assets for insurance companies, which accounted for $233.7 billion, or 8%, of institutional long-term AUM at year-end 2014. Assets managed for other taxable institutions, including corporations, banks and third-party fund sponsors for which we provide sub-advisory services, totaled $379.9 billion, or 14%, of long-term institutional AUM at year-end.
 

PRODUCT TYPE

Component changes in AUM by product type and investment style for 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31, 2013   Net Inflows
(Outflows)
  Market
Change
 

FX
Impact

  December 31, 2014  

Equity:

Active

$ 317,262    $ (24,882 $ 9,867    $ (9,445 $ 292,802   

iShares

  718,135      59,626      26,517      (14,211   790,067   

Non-ETF index

  1,282,298      17,676      104,448      (36,180   1,368,242   

Equity subtotal

  2,317,695      52,420      140,832      (59,836 )    2,451,111   

Fixed income:

Active

  652,209      27,694      36,942      (15,521   701,324   

iShares

  178,835      40,007      4,905      (6,076   217,671   

Non-ETF index

  411,142      28,705      56,904      (22,093   474,658   

Fixed income subtotal

  1,242,186      96,406      98,751      (43,690   1,393,653   

Multi-asset class

  341,214      28,905      21,044      (13,326   377,837   

Alternatives:

Core

  85,026      3,061      1,808      (1,889   88,006   

Currency and commodities

  26,088      461      (2,577   (738   23,234   

Alternatives subtotal

  111,114      3,522      (769   (2,627   111,240   

Long-term

  4,012,209      181,253      259,858      (119,479   4,333,841   

Cash management

  275,554      25,696      715      (5,612   296,353   

Advisory

  36,325      (13,173   1,109      (2,560   21,701   

Total AUM

$  4,324,088    $  193,776    $  261,682    $ (127,651 $  4,651,895   

 

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Long-term product offerings include active and index strategies. Our active strategies seek to earn attractive returns in excess of a market benchmark or performance hurdle while maintaining an appropriate risk profile. We offer two types of active strategies: those that rely primarily on fundamental research and those that utilize primarily quantitative models to drive portfolio construction. In contrast, index strategies seek to closely track the returns of a corresponding index, generally by investing in substantially the same underlying securities within the index or in a subset of those securities selected to approximate a similar risk and return profile of the index. Index strategies include both our non-ETF index products and iShares ETFs.

Although many clients use both active and index strategies, the application of these strategies may differ. For example, clients may use index products to gain exposure to a market or asset class. In addition, institutional non-ETF index assignments tend to be very large (multi-billion dollars) and typically reflect low fee rates. This has the potential to exaggerate the significance of net flows in institutional index products on BlackRock’s revenues and earnings.

Equity

Year-end 2014 equity AUM of $2.451 trillion increased by $133.4 billion, or 6%, from the end of 2013 due to net new business of $52.4 billion and net market appreciation and foreign exchange movements of $81.0 billion. Net inflows were driven by $59.6 billion and $17.7 billion into iShares and non-ETF index accounts, respectively. Index inflows were offset by active net outflows of $24.9 billion, with outflows of $18.0 billion and $6.9 billion from fundamental and scientific active equity products, respectively.

BlackRock’s effective fee rates fluctuate due to changes in AUM mix. Approximately half of BlackRock’s equity AUM is

tied to international markets, including emerging markets, which tend to have higher fee rates than similar U.S. equity strategies. Accordingly, fluctuations in international equity markets, which do not consistently move in tandem with U.S. markets, may have a greater impact on BlackRock’s effective equity fee rates and revenues.

Fixed Income

Fixed income AUM ended 2014 at $1.394 trillion, increasing $151.5 billion, or 12%, from December 31, 2013. The increase in AUM reflected $96.4 billion in net new business and $55.1 billion in net market appreciation and foreign exchange movements. In 2014, net new business was diversified across fixed income offerings, with strong flows into our unconstrained, total return and high yield products. Flagship funds in these product areas include our unconstrained Strategic Income Opportunities and Fixed Income Global Opportunities funds, with net inflows of $13.3 billion and $4.2 billion, respectively; our Total Return fund with net inflows of $2.1 billion; and our High Yield Bond fund with net inflows of $2.1 billion. Fixed income net inflows were positive across investment styles, with iShares, non-ETF index, and active net inflows of $40.0 billion, $28.7 billion and $27.7 billion, respectively.

Multi-Asset Class

BlackRock’s multi-asset class team manages a variety of balanced funds and bespoke mandates for a diversified client base that leverages our broad investment expertise in global equities, currencies, bonds and commodities, and our extensive risk management capabilities. Investment solutions might include a combination of long-only portfolios and alternative investments as well as tactical asset allocation overlays.

 

 

Component changes in multi-asset class AUM for 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31, 2013   Net Inflows
(Outflows)
  Market Change  

FX Impact

  December 31, 2014  

Asset allocation and balanced

$ 169,604    $ 18,387    $ (827 $ (4,132 $ 183,032   

Target date/risk

  111,408      10,992      7,083      (872   128,611   

Fiduciary

  60,202      (474   14,788      (8,322   66,194   

Multi-asset

$  341,214    $  28,905    $  21,044    $  (13,326 $  377,837   

 

Flows reflected ongoing institutional demand for our solutions-based advice with $15.1 billion, or 52%, of net inflows coming from institutional clients. Defined contribution plans of institutional clients remained a significant driver of flows, and contributed $12.8 billion to institutional multi-asset class net new business in 2014, primarily into target date and target risk product offerings. Retail net inflows of $13.4 billion were driven by particular demand for our Multi-Asset Income fund, which raised $6.3 billion in 2014.

The Company’s multi-asset strategies include the following:

 

    Asset allocation and balanced products represented 48% of multi-asset class AUM at year-end, with growth in AUM driven by net new business of $18.4 billion. These strategies combine equity, fixed income and alternative components for investors seeking a tailored solution relative to a specific benchmark and within a risk budget. In certain cases, these strategies seek to minimize downside risk through diversification, derivatives strategies and tactical asset allocation decisions. Flagship products in this category include our Global Allocation and Multi-Asset Income suites.
    Target date and target risk products grew 10% organically in 2014. Institutional investors represented 90% of target date and target risk AUM, with defined contribution plans accounting for over 80% of AUM. The remaining 10% of target date and target risk AUM consisted of retail client investments. Flows were driven by defined contribution investments in our LifePath and LifePath Retirement Income® offerings. LifePath products utilize a proprietary asset allocation model that seeks to balance risk and return over an investment horizon based on the investor’s expected retirement timing.

 

    Fiduciary management services are complex mandates in which pension plan sponsors or endowments and foundations retain BlackRock to assume responsibility for some or all aspects of plan management. These customized services require strong partnership with the clients’ investment staff and trustees in order to tailor investment strategies to meet client-specific risk budgets and return objectives.
 

 

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Alternatives

BlackRock Alternative Investors (“BAI”) focuses on sourcing and managing high-alpha investments with lower correlation to public markets and developing a holistic approach to address client needs in alternatives investing. Our alternatives products fall into two main categories — core

and currency and commodities. Core includes hedge funds, hedge fund and private equity solutions (funds of funds), opportunistic private equity and credit, real estate and infrastructure offerings. The products offered under the BAI umbrella are described below.

 

Component changes in alternatives AUM for 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31,
2013
  Net Inflows
(Outflows)
 

Market change

 

FX impact

  December 31,
2014
 

Memo

Return of
Capital(1)

 

Core:

Alternative Solutions

$ 131    $ 378    $ 25    $ (6 $ 528    $   

Hedge Funds:

Direct Hedge Fund Strategies

  31,525      1,539      (28   (1,040   31,996        

Hedge Fund Solutions

  16,941      1,981      756      (95   19,583      (229

Hedge Funds Subtotal

  48,466      3,520      728      (1,135   51,579      (229

Illiquid and Opportunistic:

Private Equity Solutions

  11,895      732      (92   (195   12,340      (565

Opportunistic Private Equity and Credit Strategies

  522      249      31           802      (247

Illiquid and Opportunistic Subtotal

  12,417      981      (61   (195   13,142      (812

Real Assets:

Real Estate

  23,407      (2,031   1,177      (552   22,001      (2,370

Infrastructure

  605      213      (61   (1   756         

Real Assets Subtotal

  24,012      (1,818   1,116      (553   22,757      (2,370

Core Subtotal

  85,026      3,061      1,808      (1,889   88,006      (3,411

Currency and commodities

  26,088      461      (2,577   (738   23,234        

Alternatives

$  111,114    $  3,522    $  (769)    $  (2,627)    $  111,240    $  (3,411)   

 

(1) Return of capital is included in outflows.

 

We continued to see momentum across our alternatives business, particularly within our retail platform, which now stands at $18.7 billion in AUM, and in illiquid alternatives where we raised $5.8 billion of new commitments in 2014 across a variety of strategies, including private equity and hedge fund solutions, opportunistic credit, renewable power, and infrastructure debt. At year-end, we had $8.9 billion of unfunded commitments, which are expected to be deployed in future years; these commitments are not included in AUM until they are invested.

We believe that as alternatives become more conventional and investors adapt their asset allocation strategies to best meet their investment objectives, they will further increase their use of alternative investments to complement core holdings, and as a top 10 alternative provider3 our highly diversified $111.2 billion alternatives franchise is well positioned to meet growing demand from both institutional and retail investors.

Core.

 

    Alternative Solutions represent holistic, multi-dimensional alternatives mandates that bring together a range of alternative assets and strategies in a single operationally efficient and cost-effective portfolio solution. In 2014, alternative solutions portfolios raised $0.4 billion of net inflows and $0.9 billion of commitments.

 

    Hedge Funds net inflows of $3.5 billion were led by net inflows of $2.0 billion into hedge fund solutions, our funds of hedge funds offering. Direct hedge fund net inflows of $1.5 billion were driven by net inflows of $2.7 billion into liquid alternative mutual funds, paced by our zero-duration liquid Global Long/Short Credit and market-neutral Global Long/Short Equity funds. Direct hedge fund AUM includes a variety of single- and multi-strategy offerings.

 

    Illiquid and Opportunistic AUM included $12.3 billion in private equity solutions and $0.8 billion in opportunistic private equity and credit offerings. Net inflows of $1.0 billion were predominantly into private equity solutions.

 

    Real Assets AUM totaled $22.8 billion, down $1.3 billion, or 5%, reflecting $1.8 billion in client net redemptions and distributions and $0.6 billion in portfolio valuation gains. The decline in AUM was primarily due to $2.4 billion of capital returned to investors.

Currency and Commodities.

AUM in currency and commodities declined 11% from year-end 2013, reflecting portfolio valuation declines of $3.3 billion. Currency and commodities products include a range of active and passive products. Our iShares commodities products represented $14.7 billion of AUM, and are not eligible for performance fees.

 

3 Source: Towers Watson, July 2014
 

 

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Cash Management

Cash management AUM totaled $296.4 billion at December 31, 2014, of which $109.7 billion was in prime strategies, up $20.8 billion, or 8%, from year-end 2013. Cash management products include taxable and tax-exempt money market funds and customized separate accounts. Portfolios are denominated in U.S. dollar, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, euro or British pound. We generated net inflows of $25.7 billion during 2014, a period marked by a near zero interest rate environment. We provided new solutions and choices for our clients to meet their existing cash investment needs and are actively repositioning and streamlining our product lineup to meet the future requirements of clients given announced regulatory changes

to U.S. money market funds. In Europe, we continue to be a market leader highlighted by our implementation of the reverse distribution mechanism in our euro funds when faced with negative rates.

CLIENT REGION

Our footprints in the Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific regions reflect strong relationships with intermediaries and an established ability to deliver our global investment expertise in funds and other products tailored to local regulations and requirements.

 

 

AUM by product type and client region at December 31, 2014 is presented below.

 

(in millions) Americas   EMEA   Asia-Pacific   Total  

Equity

$ 1,583,532    $ 655,985    $ 211,594    $ 2,451,111   

Fixed income

  774,296      502,324      117,033      1,393,653   

Multi-asset class

  237,436      119,353      21,048      377,837   

Alternatives

  56,668      36,817      17,755      111,240   

Long-term

  2,651,932      1,314,479      367,430      4,333,841   

Cash management

  199,887      92,795      3,671      296,353   

Advisory

  15,534      6,167           21,701   

Total

$  2,867,353    $  1,413,441    $  371,101    $  4,651,895  

Component changes in AUM by client region for 2014 are presented below.

 

(in millions) December 31, 2013   Net Inflows   Market Change   FX Impact   December 31, 2014  

Americas

$ 2,655,529    $ 109,142    $ 114,734    $ (12,052 $ 2,867,353   

EMEA

  1,335,777      53,935      114,446      (90,717   1,413,441   

Asia-Pacific

  332,782      30,699      32,502      (24,882   371,101   

Total

$  4,324,088    $  193,776    $  261,682    $ (127,651 $  4,651,895   

 

Americas.

Long-term net new business of $107.3 billion was positive across all asset classes, with net inflows of $46.2 billion, $38.9 billion, $20.5 billion and $1.7 billion in fixed income, equity, multi-asset class and alternatives products, respectively. During the year, we served clients through offices in 32 states in the United States as well as Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Spain.

EMEA.

During the year, clients awarded us long-term net new business of $42.0 billion, including inflows from investors in 23 countries across the region. EMEA net new business was led by fixed income net inflows of $43.1 billion, reflecting

strong solutions-based LDI activity. Our offerings include fund families in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Dublin and iShares listed on stock exchanges throughout Europe as well as separate accounts and pooled investment products.

Asia-Pacific.

Clients in the Asia-Pacific region are served through offices in Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea and China, and a joint venture in India. Long-term net new business of $31.9 billion was driven by fixed income, equity and multi-asset class net inflows of $14.4 billion, $12.5 billion and $5.4 billion, respectively, partially offset by alternatives net outflows of $0.4 billion.

 

 

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INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE

Investment performance across active and passive products as of December 31, 2014 was as follows:

 

  One-year
period
  Three-year
period
  Five-year
period
 

Fixed Income:

Actively managed products above benchmark or peer median

Taxable

  72   91   87

Tax-exempt

  57   70   74

Index products within or above tolerance

  98   98   98

Equity:

Actively managed products above benchmark or peer median

Fundamental

  37   48   41

Scientific

  85   86   97

Index products within or above tolerance

  94   98   97

Product Performance Notes. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Except as specified, the performance information shown is as of December 31, 2014 and is based on preliminary data available at that time. The performance data shown reflects information for all actively and passively managed equity and fixed income accounts, including U.S. registered investment companies, European-domiciled retail funds and separate accounts for which performance data is available, including performance data for high net worth accounts available as of November 30, 2014. The performance data does not include accounts terminated prior to December 31, 2014 and accounts for which data has not yet been verified. If such accounts had been included, the performance data provided may have substantially differed from that shown.

Performance comparisons shown are gross-of-fees for U.S. retail, institutional and high net worth separate accounts as well as EMEA institutional separate accounts, and net-of-fee for European domiciled retail funds. The performance tracking shown for institutional index accounts is based on gross-of-fee performance and includes all institutional accounts and all iShares funds globally using an index strategy. AUM information is based on AUM available as of December 31, 2014 for each account or fund in the asset class shown without adjustment for overlapping management of the same account or fund. Fund performance reflects the reinvestment of dividends and distributions.

Source of performance information and peer medians is BlackRock, Inc. and is based in part on data from Lipper Inc. for U.S. funds and Morningstar, Inc. for non-U.S. funds.

BLACKROCK SOLUTIONS

BRS offers investment management technology systems, risk management services and advisory services on a fee basis. Aladdin is our proprietary technology platform, which serves as the risk management system for both BlackRock and a growing number of sophisticated institutional investors around the world. BRS also offers comprehensive risk reporting capabilities via the Green Package® and risk

management advisory services; interactive fixed income analytics through our web-based calculator, AnSer®; middle and back office outsourcing services; and investment accounting. BRS’ Financial Markets Advisory (“FMA”) group provides services such as valuation and risk assessment of illiquid assets, portfolio restructuring, workouts and dispositions of distressed assets and financial and balance sheet strategies, for a wide range of global clients.

BRS record revenues of $635 million were up 10% year-over-year. Our Aladdin business, which represented 75% of BRS revenue for the year, continues to benefit from trends favoring global investment platform consolidation and multi-asset risk solutions. Aladdin business assignments are typically long-term contracts that provide significant recurring revenue.

Our FMA group continued to post strong revenues, even as the business transitions from a “crisis management” emphasis to a more institutionalized advisory business model, with a strong focus on helping clients navigate and implement requirements for the evolving regulatory environment. Advisory AUM decreased 40% to $21.7 billion, driven by $13.2 billion of planned client distributions reflecting our continued success in disposing of assets for clients at, or above, targeted levels.

At year-end, BRS served clients, including banks, insurance companies, official institutions, pension funds, asset managers and other institutional investors across North America, Europe, Asia and Australia.

SECURITIES LENDING

Securities lending is managed by a dedicated team, supported by quantitative analysis, proprietary technology and disciplined risk management. The cash management team invests the cash we receive as collateral for securities on loan in other portfolios. Fees for securities lending can be structured as a share of earnings and/or as a management fee based on a percentage of the value of the cash collateral. The value of the securities on loan and the revenue earned is captured in the corresponding asset class being managed. The value of the collateral is not included in AUM.

Outstanding loan balances ended the year at approximately $187 billion, up from $156 billion at year-end 2013. Liability spreads declined from 2013 levels, as the proportion of “special collateral,” securities commanding premium lending fees, declined due to low idiosyncratic risk, low single stock volatility and lack of M&A activity.

BlackRock employs a conservative investment style for cash and securities lending collateral that emphasizes quality, liquidity and interest rate risk management. Disciplined risk management, including a rigorous credit surveillance process, is an integral part of the investment process. BlackRock’s Cash Management Credit Committee has established risk limits, such as aggregate issuer exposure limits and maturity limits, across many of the products BlackRock manages, including over all of its cash management products. In the ordinary course of our business, there may be instances when a portfolio may exceed an internal risk limit or when an internal risk limit may be changed. No such instances, individually or in the aggregate, have been material to the Company. To the extent that daily evaluation/reporting of the profile of the portfolios

 

 

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identifies that a limit has been exceeded, the relevant portfolio will be adjusted. To the extent a portfolio manager would like to obtain a temporary waiver of a risk limit, the portfolio manager must obtain approval from the credit research team, which is independent from the cash management portfolio managers. While a risk limit may be waived, such temporary waivers are infrequent.

RISK & QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

Across all asset classes, in addition to the efforts of the portfolio management teams, the Risk & Quantitative Analysis (“RQA”) group at BlackRock draws on extensive analytical systems and proprietary and third-party data to identify, measure and manage a wide range of risks. RQA provides risk management advice and independent risk oversight of the investment management processes, identifies and helps manage counterparty and operational risks, coordinates standards for firm wide investment performance measurement and determines risk management-related analytical and information requirements. Where appropriate, RQA will work with portfolio managers and developers to facilitate the development or improvement of risk models and analytics.

COMPETITION

BlackRock competes with investment management firms, mutual fund complexes, insurance companies, banks, brokerage firms and other financial institutions that offer products that are similar to, or alternatives to, those offered by BlackRock. In order to grow its business, BlackRock must be able to compete effectively for AUM. Key competitive factors include investment performance track records, the efficient delivery of beta for index products, investment style and discipline, client service and brand name recognition. Historically, the Company has competed principally on the basis of its long-term investment performance track record, its investment process, its risk management and analytic capabilities and the quality of its client service.

GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

At December 31, 2014, BlackRock served clients in more than 100 countries across the globe, including the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. See Note 22, Segment Information, contained in Part II, Item 8 of this filing for more information.

EMPLOYEES

At December 31, 2014, BlackRock had a total of approximately 12,200 employees, including approximately 5,800 located in offices outside the United States. Consistent with our commitment to continually expand and enhance our talent base to support our clients, we added approximately 800 employees during the year, including in strategic focus areas.

REGULATION

Virtually all aspects of BlackRock’s business are subject to various laws and regulations around the world, some of which are summarized below. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to protect investment advisory clients, investors in registered and unregistered investment companies, trust customers of BlackRock Institutional Trust Company, N.A. (“BTC”), PNC and its bank subsidiaries and their customers and the financial system. Under these laws and regulations, agencies that regulate investment advisers, investment funds and bank holding companies and other individuals and entities have broad administrative powers, including the power to limit, restrict or prohibit the regulated entity or person from carrying on business if it fails to comply with such laws and regulations. Possible sanctions for significant compliance failures include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on engaging in certain lines of business for specified periods of time, revocation of investment adviser and other registrations, censures and fines both for individuals and the Company.

The rules governing the regulation of financial institutions and their holding companies and subsidiaries are very detailed and technical. Accordingly, the discussion below is general in nature, does not purport to be complete and is current only as of the date of this report.

GLOBAL REGULATORY REFORM

BlackRock is subject to numerous regulatory reform initiatives around the world. Any such initiative, or any new laws or regulations or changes in enforcement of existing laws or regulations, could materially and adversely impact the scope or profitability of BlackRock’s business activities, lead to business disruptions, require BlackRock to change certain business practices and expose BlackRock to additional costs (including compliance and legal costs), as well as reputational harm. BlackRock’s profitability also could be materially and adversely affected by modification of the rules and regulations that impact the business and financial communities in general, including changes to the laws governing taxation, antitrust regulation and electronic commerce.

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “DFA”) was signed into law in the United States. The DFA is expansive in scope and requires the adoption of extensive regulations and numerous regulatory decisions, many of which have been adopted. As the impact of these rules will become evident over time, it is not yet possible to predict the ultimate effects that the DFA, or subsequent implementing regulations and decisions, will have upon BlackRock’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

 

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Systemically Important Financial Institution Review

Under the DFA, BlackRock could be designated a systemically important financial institution (“SIFI”) and become subject to direct supervision by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). On July 31, 2014, the Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”) principals directed the staff to undertake a more focused analysis of industry-wide products and activities to assess potential risks associated with the asset management industry, and on December 18, 2014 the FSOC issued a Request for Information related to this analysis.

In addition, on January 8, 2014, the Financial Stability Board (“FSB”) and the International Organisation of Securities Commissions (“IOSCO”) issued a consultative document on proposed methodologies to identify nonbank/noninsurance global systemically important financial institutions (“G-SIFI”). A second FSB-IOSCO consultation is expected to be released in the near future.

If BlackRock were designated a SIFI or G-SIFI, it could become subject to enhanced prudential, capital, supervisory and other requirements, such as risk-based capital requirements, leverage limits, liquidity requirements, resolution plan and credit exposure report requirements, concentration limits, a contingent capital requirement, enhanced public disclosures, short-term debt limits and overall risk management requirements. Requirements such as these, which were designed to regulate banking institutions, would likely need to be modified to be applicable to an asset manager such as BlackRock. No proposals have been made indicating how such measures would be adapted for asset managers.

Securities and Exchange Commission Review of Asset Managers

BlackRock’s business may also be impacted by Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulatory initiatives. For example, on December 11, 2014 the Chair of the SEC announced that she is recommending that the SEC enhance its oversight of asset managers by (i) expanding and updating data requirements with which asset managers must comply, (ii) improving fund level controls, including those related to liquidity levels and the nature of specific instruments and (iii) ensuring that asset management firms have appropriate transition plans in place to deal with market stress events or situations where an investment adviser is no longer able to serve its clients. Although these recommendations have not yet resulted in any proposed rules, any additional SEC oversight or the introduction of any new reporting, disclosure or control requirements could expose BlackRock to additional compliance costs and may require the Company to change how it operates its business.

Money Market Fund Reform

In July 2014, the SEC adopted rule amendments designed to reform the regulatory structure governing money market funds and to address the perceived systemic risks that such funds present. The new rules require institutional prime and institutional municipal money market funds to employ a floating net asset value method of pricing, which allows the daily share prices of these funds to fluctuate along with changes in the market-based value of fund assets. The rules also provide for new tools for the funds’ boards designed to address liquidity shocks, including liquidity fees and redemption gates. The rules do not apply to government

(non-municipal) and retail money market funds, except that retail money market funds must comply with liquidity fees and redemption gate requirements. The potential impact of the rules that affect the structure of the funds, which have a two-year compliance period, on BlackRock’s business remains untested; they may, however, reduce the attractiveness of certain money market funds to investors.

Regulation of Derivatives

The SEC, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) each continue to review the use of futures, swaps and other derivatives by mutual funds. Such reviews could result in regulations that further limit the use of such products by mutual funds. If adopted, these limitations could require BlackRock to change certain mutual fund business practices or to register additional entities with the CFTC, which could result in additional costs and/or restrictions. BlackRock also reports certain information about a number of its private funds to the SEC and certain information about a number of its commodity pools to the CFTC, under systemic risk reporting requirements adopted by both agencies. These reporting obligations have required, and will continue to require, investments in people and systems to assure timely and accurate reporting.

Further, the full implementation of regulations under the DFA relating to regulation of swaps and derivatives will impact the manner in which BlackRock-advised funds and accounts use and trade swaps and other derivatives, increasing the costs of derivatives trading for BlackRock’s clients. For example, CFTC, and eventually SEC rules and regulations applicable to offshore funds, accounts and counterparties will require BlackRock to build and implement new compliance monitoring procedures to address the enhanced level of oversight to which it will be subject. These rule changes also introduce new requirements for centrally clearing certain swap, and eventually security-based swap, transactions and for executing certain swap, and eventually security-based swap, transactions on or through CFTC or SEC-registered trading venues. Jurisdictions outside the United States in which BlackRock operates also have adopted and implemented, or are in the process of considering, adopting or implementing more pervasive regulation of many elements of the financial services industry, which could further impact BlackRock and the broader markets. This includes the implementation of mandated central clearing of swaps in the European Union (“EU”) and the implementation of trade reporting, documentation, central clearing and other requirements in various jurisdictions globally.

Regulation of ETFs

Globally, regulators are examining the potential risks in ETFs and may impose additional regulations on ETFs. Depending on the outcome of this analysis, these products may be restricted in some ways and may require BlackRock to incur additional compliance expenses, which may adversely affect the Company’s business.

Benchmark Reform

The IOSCO published principles for regulatory oversight of financial benchmarks in 2013, with standards applying to methodologies for benchmark calculation, and transparency and governance issues in the benchmarking process; some national and regional regulators are currently reviewing how

 

 

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to apply these principles, with a draft European Regulation published in September 2013. Similarly, in July 2014, the FSB published a report aimed at reforming major interest rate benchmarks. These regulations may result in business disruptions, which could adversely impact the value of assets in which asset managers, including BlackRock, have invested directly or on behalf of their clients. To the extent the regulations strictly control the activities of financial services firms, could make it more difficult for BlackRock to conduct certain businesses.

Taxation

BlackRock’s global business may be impacted by the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (“FATCA”), which was enacted in 2010 and introduced expansive new investor onboarding, withholding and reporting rules aimed at ensuring U.S. persons with financial assets outside of the United States pay appropriate taxes. In many instances, however, the precise nature of what needs to be implemented will be governed by bilateral Intergovernmental Agreements (“IGAs”) between the United States and the countries in which BlackRock does business. While many of these IGAs have been put into place, others have yet to be concluded. The FATCA rules will impact both U.S. and non-U.S. funds and subject BlackRock to extensive additional administrative burdens. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has also recently launched a base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”) proposal that aims to rationalize tax treatment across jurisdictions. If the BEPS proposal becomes the subject of legislative action in the format proposed, it could have unintended taxation consequences for collective investment vehicles and the Company’s tax position, which could adversely affect BlackRock’s financial condition.

In addition, certain individual EU Member States, such as France and Italy, have enacted national financial transaction taxes (“FTTs”). There has also been renewed momentum by several other Member States to introduce FTTs, which would impose taxation on a broad range of financial instrument and derivatives transactions. In general, any tax on securities and derivatives transactions would impact investors and would likely have a negative impact on the liquidity of the securities and derivatives markets, could diminish the attractiveness of certain types of products that we manage in those countries and could cause clients to shift assets away from such products. An FTT could significantly increase the operational costs of our entering into, on behalf of our clients, securities and derivatives transactions that would be subjected to an FTT, which could adversely impact our financial results and clients’ performance results.

BlackRock’s business could also be impacted to the extent there are other changes to tax laws. For example, the administration recently announced its proposed U.S. federal budget, which called for new industry fees for financial firms. To the extent such fees are adopted and found to apply to BlackRock, they could adversely affect the Company’s financial results.

Regulation of Securities Lending

In its 2014 Annual Report, the FSOC identified securities lending indemnification by asset managers as a potential systemic risk that required further review and monitoring. In addition, in January 2015, the European Parliament published its draft report on the European Commission’s proposal for a European regulation on the reporting and transparency of securities financing transactions (“SFT”).

The SFT regulation aims to improve the transparency surrounding SFTs and limit the perceived risks of SFTs by, among other things, requiring central reporting of SFTs, requiring disclosure of SFTs to investors and imposing minimum requirements relating to the difference in prices at which a market maker can buy and sell a security in SFTs. If the recent scrutiny of securities lending practices results in new regulatory requirements or reporting obligations, BlackRock may be required to modify its securities lending activities or introduce additional compliance measures, which will subject the Company to additional expenses.

Volcker Rule

Provisions of the DFA referred to as the “Volcker Rule” place limitations on the ability of banks and their subsidiaries to engage in proprietary trading and to invest in and transact with certain private investment funds, including hedge funds, private equity funds and funds of funds (collectively “covered funds”). Because the Federal Reserve currently treats BlackRock as a nonbank subsidiary of PNC, BlackRock may be required to conform its activities to the requirements of the Volcker Rule. The Volcker Rule’s restrictions would, among other things, limit BlackRock’s ability to invest in covered funds and require BlackRock to remove its name from the names of its covered funds, which could subject the Company to additional expense. The Volcker Rule may also require BlackRock to sell certain seed and co-investments that it holds in covered funds, potentially at a discount to existing carrying value, depending on market conditions. The Volcker Rule may also reduce the level of market making and liquidity activities of several of BlackRock’s trading counterparties, which may adversely impact the liquidity and, in some cases, the pricing of various financial instruments in which BlackRock client accounts invest. For a further discussion of the Volcker Rule, see “Item 1A — Risk Factors — Legal and Regulatory Risks.”

Markets in Financial Instrument Directives

BlackRock is also subject to numerous regulatory reform initiatives in Europe. For example, after the United Kingdom and other European jurisdictions in which BlackRock has a presence implemented the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID”) rules (described more particularly under “— European Regulation” below) into national legislation, these jurisdictions recently began the additional process of implementing MiFID 2 and a new Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation. MiFID 2 builds upon many of the initiatives introduced through MiFID, which focused primarily on equities, to encourage trading across all asset classes to migrate on to open and transparent markets. MiFID 2, which will come into full effect in January 2017, will be implemented through a number of more detailed directives, regulations and technical standards to be made by the European Commission and by the European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”). It is expected that MiFID 2 will have significant and wide-ranging impacts on EU securities and derivatives markets. In particular, there will be (i) enhanced governance and investor protection standards, (ii) prescriptive rules on portfolio management firms’ ability to receive and pay for investment research relating to all asset classes, (iii) enhanced regulation of algorithmic trading, (iv) the movement of trading in certain shares and derivatives on to regulated execution venues, (v) the extension of pre- and post-trade transparency requirements to wider categories of financial instruments, (vi) restrictions on the use of so-called dark pool trading, (vii) the creation of a new type of trading venue called the

 

 

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Organized Trading Facility for non-equity financial instruments, (viii) commodity derivative position limits and reporting requirements, (ix) a move away from vertical silos in execution, clearing and settlement, (x) an enhanced role for ESMA in supervising EU securities and derivatives markets and (xi) new requirements regarding non-EU investment firms’ access to EU financial markets. Implementation of these measures will have direct and indirect impacts on the Company and its subsidiaries and may require significant changes to client servicing models.

Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive

BlackRock’s European business is impacted by the EU Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”), which became effective on July 21, 2011. The AIFMD regulates managers of, and service providers to, a broad range of alternative investment funds (“AIFs”) domiciled within and (depending on the precise circumstances) outside the EU. The AIFMD also regulates the marketing of all AIFs inside the European Economic Area (“EEA”). The AIFMD is being implemented in stages, which run through 2018. Compliance with the AIFMD’s requirements restrict alternative investment fund marketing and impose additional compliance and disclosure obligations regarding remuneration, capital requirements, leverage, valuation, stakes in EU companies, depositaries, the domicile of custodians and liquidity management on BlackRock. These new compliance and disclosure obligations and the associated risk management and reporting requirements will subject BlackRock to additional expenses.

Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities

The EU has also adopted directives on the coordination of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to undertakings for collective investment in transferable securities (“UCITS”) as regards depositary functions, remuneration policies and sanctions. The latest initiative in this area, UCITS V, which became effective in September 2014, seeks to align the depositary regime, remuneration rules and sanctioning powers of regulators under the UCITS Directive with the requirements of the AIFMD. UCITS V is required to be adopted in the national law of each EU member state during the second quarter of 2016. Similarly, in August 2014 ESMA revised the guidelines it initially published in 2012 on ETFs and other UCITS funds. The guidelines introduced new collateral management requirements for UCITS funds concerning collateral received in the context of derivatives using Efficient Portfolio Management (“EPM”) techniques (including securities

lending) and over-the-counter derivative transactions. These rules, which are now in effect, required BlackRock to make a series of changes to its collateral management arrangements applicable to the EPM of its UCITS fund ranges. Compliance with the UCITS directives will cause BlackRock to incur additional expenses associated with new risk management and reporting requirements.

Extension of Retail Distribution Review

BlackRock must also comply with newly implemented retail distribution rules aimed at enhancing consumer protections, overhauling mutual fund fee structures and increasing professionalism in the retail investment sector. The rules were originally introduced in the United Kingdom and have since been introduced in other jurisdictions where BlackRock operates. Similarly, MiFID 2 will contain a ban on certain advisers recovering commissions and other

nonmonetary benefits from fund managers. These rules, if implemented, may lead to changes to the fees and commissions BlackRock is able to charge to its clients, as well as to its client servicing and distribution models.

EXISTING U.S. REGULATION - OVERVIEW

BlackRock and certain of its U.S. subsidiaries are currently subject to extensive regulation, primarily at the federal level, by the SEC, the Department of Labor (the “DOL”), the Federal Reserve, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), the National Futures Association (“NFA”), the CFTC and other government agencies and regulatory bodies. Certain of BlackRock’s U.S. subsidiaries are also subject to various anti-terrorist financing, privacy, anti-money laundering regulations and economic sanctions laws and regulations established by various agencies.

The Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”) imposes numerous obligations on registered investment advisers such as BlackRock, including record-keeping, operational and marketing requirements, disclosure obligations and prohibitions on fraudulent activities. The Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”) imposes stringent governance, compliance, operational, disclosure and related obligations on registered investment companies and their investment advisers and distributors, such as BlackRock. The SEC is authorized to institute proceedings and impose sanctions for violations of the Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act, ranging from fines and censure to termination of an investment adviser’s registration. Investment advisers also are subject to certain state securities laws and regulations. Non-compliance with the Advisers Act, the Investment Company Act or other federal and state securities laws and regulations could result in investigations, sanctions, disgorgement, fines and reputational damage.

BlackRock’s trading and investment activities for client accounts are regulated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as well as the rules of various U.S. and non-U.S. securities exchanges and self-regulatory organizations, including laws governing trading on inside information, market manipulation and a broad number of technical requirements (e.g., short sale limits, volume limitations and reporting obligations) and market regulation policies in the United States and globally. Violation of any of these laws and regulations could result in restrictions on the Company’s activities and damage its reputation. Furthermore, the SEC has recently promulgated new rules that give effect to a section of the DFA that requires municipal advisors (as that term is defined in the statute) to register with the SEC. The new rules require entities that provide certain types of advice to, or on behalf of, or solicit municipal entities or certain other persons, to register with the SEC and the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (“MSRB”) as municipal advisors, thereby subjecting those entities to new or additional regulation by the SEC and MSRB. BlackRock has registered one of its subsidiaries, BTC, as a municipal advisor under these new rules.

BlackRock manages a variety of private pools of capital, including hedge funds, funds of hedge funds, private equity funds, collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), real estate funds, collective investment trusts, managed futures funds and hybrid funds. Congress, regulators, tax authorities and others continue to explore, on their own and in response to demands from the

 

 

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investment community and the public, increased regulation related to private pools of capital, including changes with respect to investor eligibility, certain limitations on trading activities, record-keeping and reporting, the scope of anti-fraud protections, safekeeping of client assets and a variety of other matters. BlackRock may be materially and adversely affected by new legislation, rule-making or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing rules and regulations imposed by various regulators.

Certain BlackRock subsidiaries are subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), and to regulations promulgated thereunder by the DOL, insofar as they act as a “fiduciary” under ERISA with respect to benefit plan clients. ERISA and applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries under ERISA, prohibit certain transactions involving ERISA plan clients and impose excise taxes for violations of these prohibitions, mandate certain required periodic reporting and disclosures and require BlackRock to carry bonds ensuring against losses caused by fraud or dishonesty. ERISA also imposes additional compliance, reporting and operational requirements on BlackRock that otherwise are not applicable to non-benefit plan clients.

BlackRock has seven subsidiaries that are registered as commodity pool operators (“CPOs”) and/or commodity trading advisors with the CFTC and are members of the NFA. Additional BlackRock entities may need to register as a CPO or commodity trading advisor as a result of recently enacted regulatory changes by the CFTC. The CFTC and NFA each administer a comparable regulatory system covering futures contracts and various other financial instruments, including swaps as a result of the DFA, in which certain BlackRock clients may invest. Two of BlackRock’s other subsidiaries, BlackRock Investments, LLC (“BRIL”) and BlackRock Execution Services, are registered with the SEC as broker-dealers and are member-firms of FINRA. Each broker-dealer has a membership agreement with FINRA that limits the scope of such broker-dealer’s permitted activities. BRIL is also an approved person with the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) and a member of the MSRB, subject to MSRB rules.

U.S. Banking Regulation

PNC is a bank holding company and regulated as a “financial holding company” by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “BHC Act”). As described in “Item 1-Business”, PNC owns approximately 22% of BlackRock’s capital stock. Based on the Federal Reserve’s interpretation of the BHC Act, the Federal Reserve currently takes the position that this ownership interest causes BlackRock to be treated as a nonbank subsidiary of PNC for purposes of the BHC Act, thereby subjecting BlackRock to banking regulation, including the supervision and regulation of the Federal Reserve and to most banking laws, regulations and orders that apply to PNC, including the Volcker Rule. The supervision and regulation of PNC and its subsidiaries under applicable banking laws is intended primarily for the protection of its banking subsidiaries, its depositors, the Deposit Insurance Fund of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the financial system as a whole, rather than for the protection of stockholders, creditors or clients of PNC or BlackRock. BlackRock may also be subject to foreign laws and supervision that could affect its business.

BlackRock generally may conduct only activities that are authorized for a financial holding company under the BHC Act. Investment management is an authorized activity, but must be conducted within applicable regulatory

requirements, which in some cases are more restrictive than those BlackRock faces under applicable securities laws. BlackRock may also invest in investment companies and private investment funds to which it provides advisory, administrative or other services, only to the extent consistent with applicable law and regulatory interpretations. Based on the Federal Reserve’s position that BlackRock is a nonbank subsidiary of PNC, the Federal Reserve has broad powers to approve, deny or refuse to act upon applications or notices for BlackRock to conduct new activities, acquire or divest businesses or assets, or reconfigure existing operations, and there are limits on the ability of bank subsidiaries of PNC to extend credit to or conduct other transactions with BlackRock or its funds. PNC and its subsidiaries are also subject to examination by various banking regulators, which results in examination reports and ratings that may adversely impact the conduct and growth of BlackRock’s businesses. Furthermore, the Federal Reserve has broad enforcement authority over nonbank subsidiaries, including the power to prohibit them from conducting any activity that, in the Federal Reserve’s opinion, is unauthorized or constitutes an unsafe or unsound practice. The Federal Reserve may also impose substantial fines and other penalties for violations of applicable banking laws, regulations and orders. The DFA strengthened the Federal Reserve’s supervisory and enforcement authority over a bank holding company’s nonbank subsidiaries.

Any failure of PNC to maintain its status as a financial holding company could result in substantial limitations on certain BlackRock activities and its growth. Such a change of status could be caused by any failure of PNC or one of PNC’s bank subsidiaries to remain “well capitalized” and “well managed,” by any examination downgrade of one of PNC’s bank subsidiaries, or by any failure of one of PNC’s bank subsidiaries to maintain a satisfactory rating under the Community Reinvestment Act.

One of BlackRock’s subsidiaries, BTC, is organized as a limited purpose national trust company that does not accept deposits or make commercial loans and which is a member of the Federal Reserve System. Accordingly, BTC is examined and supervised by the OCC and is subject to various banking laws and regulations enforced by the OCC, such as capital adequacy, regulations governing fiduciaries, conflicts of interest, self-dealing, and anti-money laundering laws and regulations. BTC is also subject to various Federal Reserve regulations applicable to member institutions, such as regulations restricting transactions with affiliates. Many of these laws and regulations are meant for the protection of BTC’s customers and not BTC, BlackRock and its affiliates, or BlackRock’s stockholders.

EXISTING INTERNATIONAL REGULATION — OVERVIEW

BlackRock’s international operations are subject to the laws and regulations of a number of international jurisdictions, as well as oversight by numerous regulatory agencies and bodies in those jurisdictions. In some instances, they are also affected by U.S. laws and regulations that have extra-territorial application.

Below is a summary of certain international regulatory standards to which BlackRock is subject. It is not meant to be comprehensive as there are parallel legal and regulatory arrangements in force in many jurisdictions where BlackRock’s subsidiaries conduct business.

 

 

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Of note among the various other international regulations to which BlackRock is subject, are the extensive and increasingly stringent regulatory reporting requirements that necessitate the monitoring and reporting of issuer exposure levels (thresholds) across the holdings of managed funds and accounts and those of the Company.

European Regulation

The Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) currently regulates certain BlackRock subsidiaries in the United Kingdom. It also regulates those U.K. subsidiaries’ branches established in other European countries and the U.K. branches of certain of BlackRock’s U.S. subsidiaries. In addition, the Prudential Regulation Authority (the “PRA”) regulates one BlackRock U.K. subsidiary. Authorization by the FCA and the PRA is required to conduct certain financial services related business in the United Kingdom under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. The FCA’s rules adopted under that Act govern the majority of a firm’s capital resources requirements, senior management arrangements, conduct of business, interaction with clients, and systems and controls, whereas the rules of the PRA focus solely on the prudential requirements that apply to the Company’s U.K.-regulated insurance subsidiary. The FCA supervises the Company’s U.K.-regulated subsidiaries through a combination of proactive engagement, event-driven and reactive supervision and thematic based reviews in order to monitor the Company’s compliance with regulatory requirements. Breaches of the FCA’s rules may result in a wide range of disciplinary actions against the Company’s U.K.-regulated subsidiaries and/or its employees.

In addition, the Company’s U.K.-regulated subsidiaries and other European subsidiaries and branches, must comply with the pan-European regulatory regime established by MiFID, which became effective on November 1, 2007 and regulates the provision of investment services and activities throughout the wider EEA. MiFID, the scope of which is being enhanced through MiFID 2 which is described more particularly under “— Global Regulatory Reform” above, sets out detailed requirements governing the organization and conduct of business of investment firms and regulated markets. It also includes pre- and post-trade transparency requirements for equity markets and extensive transaction reporting requirements. Certain BlackRock entities must also comply with the U.K.’s Consolidated Life Directive and Insurance Mediation Directive. In addition, relevant entities must comply with revised obligations on capital resources for banks and certain investment firms (the Capital Requirements Directive), which became effective in January 2014. These include requirements not only on capital, but address matters of governance and remuneration as well. The obligations introduced through these directives will have a direct effect on some of BlackRock’s European operations.

BlackRock’s EU-regulated subsidiaries are additionally subject to an EU regulation on OTC derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories, which was adopted in August 2012 and which requires (i) the central clearing of standardized OTC derivatives, (ii) the application of risk-mitigation techniques to non-centrally cleared OTC derivatives and (iii) the reporting of all derivative contracts from February 2014.

Regulation in the Asia-Pacific Region

In Japan, a BlackRock subsidiary is subject to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law (the “FIEL”) and the Law

Concerning Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations. These laws are administered and enforced by the Japanese Financial Services Agency (the “JFSA”), which establishes standards for compliance, including capital adequacy and financial soundness requirements, customer protection requirements and conduct of business rules. The JFSA is empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease and desist orders or the suspension or revocation of registrations and licenses granted under the FIEL. This Japanese subsidiary also holds a license for real estate brokerage activity which subjects it to the regulations set forth in the Real Estate Brokerage Business Act.

In Australia, BlackRock’s subsidiaries are subject to various Australian federal and state laws and certain subsidiaries are regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”). ASIC regulates companies and financial services in Australia and is responsible for promoting investor, creditor and consumer protection. Failure to comply with applicable law and regulations could result in the cancellation, suspension or variation of the regulated subsidiaries licenses in Australia.

The activities of certain BlackRock subsidiaries in Hong Kong are subject to the Securities and Futures Ordinance (the “SFO”) which governs the securities and futures markets and regulates, among others, offers of investments to the public and provides for the licensing of intermediaries. The SFO is administered by the Securities and Futures Commission (the “SFC”). The SFC is also empowered under the SFO to establish standards for compliance as well as codes and guidelines. The relevant BlackRock subsidiaries and the employees conducting any of the regulated activities specified in the SFO are required to be licensed with the SFC, and are subject to the rules, codes and guidelines issued by the SFC. Failure to comply with the applicable laws, regulations, codes and guidelines issued by the SFC could result in the suspension or revocations of the licenses granted by the SFC.

BlackRock’s operations in Taiwan are regulated by the Taiwan Financial Supervisory Commission, which is responsible for regulating securities markets (including the Taiwan Stock Exchange and the Taiwan Futures Exchange), the banking industry and the insurance sector. Other financial regulators oversee BlackRock subsidiaries, branches, and representative offices across the Asia Pacific region, including in Singapore and South Korea. Regulators in these jurisdictions have authority with respect to financial services including, among other things, the authority to grant or cancel required licenses or registrations. In addition, these regulators may subject certain BlackRock subsidiaries to net capital requirements.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

BlackRock files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and all amendments to these reports and other information with the SEC. BlackRock makes available free-of-charge, on or through its website at http://www.blackrock.com, the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and all amendments to those filings, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The Company also makes available on its website the charters for the Audit Committee, Management Development and Compensation Committee, Nominating and Governance

 

 

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Committee and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors, its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, its Code of Ethics for Chief Executive and Senior Financial Officers and its Corporate Governance Guidelines. Further, BlackRock will provide, without charge, upon written request, a copy of the Company’s Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and all amendments to those filings as well as the committee charters, its Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, its Code of Ethics for Chief Executive and Senior Financial Officers and its Corporate Governance Guidelines. Requests for copies should be addressed to Investor Relations, BlackRock, Inc., 55 East 52nd Street, New York, New York 10055. Investors may read and copy any document BlackRock files at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the Public Reference Room. Reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including BlackRock’s filings, are also available to the public from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As a leading investment management firm, risk is an inherent part of BlackRock’s business. Global markets, by their nature, are prone to uncertainty and subject participants to a variety of risks. While BlackRock devotes significant resources across all of its operations to identify, measure, monitor, manage and analyze market, operating and compliance risks, BlackRock’s business, financial condition, operating results and nonoperating results could be materially adversely affected and the Company’s stock price could decline as a result of any of these risks and uncertainties, including the ones discussed below.

MARKET AND COMPETITION RISKS

Changes in the value levels of equity, debt, real estate, commodities, currency or other asset markets could cause assets under management (“AUM”), revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock’s investment management revenue is primarily comprised of fees based on a percentage of the value of AUM and, in some cases, performance fees which are normally expressed as a percentage of returns to the client. Numerous factors, including price movements in the equity, debt or currency markets, or in the price of real estate, commodities or alternative investments in which BlackRock invests, could cause:

 

    the value of AUM, or the returns BlackRock realizes on AUM, to decrease;

 

    the withdrawal of funds from BlackRock’s products in favor of products offered by competitors;

 

    the rebalancing of assets into BlackRock products that yield lower fees;

 

    an impairment to the value of intangible assets and goodwill; or

 

    a decrease in the value of seed or co-investment capital.

The occurrence of any of these events may cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock’s investment advisory contracts may be terminated or may not be renewed by clients and the liquidation of certain funds may be accelerated at the option of investors.

BlackRock derives a substantial portion of its revenue from its investment advisory business. The advisory or management contracts BlackRock has entered into with its clients, including the agreements that govern many of BlackRock’s investment funds, provide investors or, in some cases, the independent directors of private investment funds, with significant latitude to terminate such contracts, withdraw funds or liquidate funds by simple majority vote with limited notice or penalty, or to remove BlackRock as the funds’ investment advisor (or equivalent). BlackRock also manages its U.S. mutual funds, closed-end and exchange-traded funds under management contracts that must be renewed and approved annually by the funds’ respective boards of directors, a majority of whom are independent from the Company. If a number of BlackRock’s clients terminate their contracts, remove BlackRock from advisory roles, liquidate funds or fail to renew management contracts on favorable terms, the fees or carried interest BlackRock earns could be reduced, which may cause its AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Increased competition may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

The investment management industry is highly competitive and has relatively low barriers to entry. BlackRock competes based on a number of factors including: investment performance, the level of fees charged, the quality and diversity of services and products provided, name recognition and reputation, and the ability to develop new investment strategies and products to meet the changing needs of investors. Increased competition on the basis of any of these factors, including competition leading to fee reductions on existing or future new business, could cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

The impairment or failure of other financial institutions may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock’s investment management activities expose the products and accounts it manages to many different industries and counterparties, including brokers and dealers, commercial and investment banks, clearing organizations, mutual and hedge funds, and other institutional clients. Transactions with counterparties expose the products and accounts BlackRock manages to credit risk in the event the applicable counterparty defaults. Although BlackRock regularly assesses risks posed by its counterparties, such counterparties may be subject to sudden swings in the financial and credit markets that may impair their ability to perform or they may otherwise fail to meet their obligations to BlackRock. Any such impairment or failure could negatively impact the performance of products or accounts managed by BlackRock, which could lead to the loss of clients and may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

The failure or negative performance of products offered by competitors may cause AUM in similar BlackRock products to decline irrespective of BlackRock’s performance.

Many competitors offer similar products to those offered by BlackRock and the failure or negative performance of competitors’ products could lead to a loss of confidence in similar BlackRock products, irrespective of the performance

 

 

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of such products. Any loss of confidence in a product type could lead to withdrawals, redemptions and liquidity issues in such products, which may cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Changes in the value of seed and co-investments that BlackRock owns could affect our nonoperating income and could increase the volatility of our earnings.

At December 31, 2014, BlackRock’s net economic investment exposure of approximately $1.3 billion in its investments (see “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations-Investments”) primarily resulted from co-investments and seed investments in its sponsored investment funds. Movements in the equity, debt or currency markets, or in the price of real estate, commodities or alternative investments, could lower the value of these investments, increase the volatility of BlackRock’s earnings and may cause earnings to decline.

RISKS RELATED TO INVESTMENT PERFORMANCE

Poor investment performance could lead to the loss of clients and may cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

The Company’s management believes that investment performance, including the efficient delivery of beta for passively managed products, is one of the most important factors for the growth and retention of AUM. Poor investment performance relative to applicable portfolio benchmarks or to competitors could cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline as a result of:

 

    client withdrawals in favor of better performing products;

 

    the diminishing ability to attract additional funds from existing and new clients;

 

    the Company earning minimal or no performance fees;

 

    an impairment to the value of intangible assets and goodwill; or

 

    a decrease in investment returns on seed and co-investment capital.

Performance fees may increase volatility of both revenue and earnings.

A portion of BlackRock’s revenue is derived from performance fees on investment and risk management advisory assignments. Performance fees represented $550 million, or 5%, of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2014. Generally, the Company is entitled to a performance fee only if the agreement pursuant to which it is managing the assets provides for one and if returns on the related portfolio exceed agreed-upon periodic or cumulative return targets. If these targets are not exceeded, a performance fee for that period will not be earned and, if targets are based on cumulative returns, the Company may not earn performance fees in future periods, which could cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Failure to identify errors in the quantitative models BlackRock utilizes to manage its business could adversely impact product performance and client relationships.

BlackRock employs various quantitative models to support its investment decisions and allocations, including those related to risk assessment, portfolio management, trading

and hedging activities and product valuations. Any errors in the underlying models or model assumptions could have unanticipated and adverse consequences on BlackRock’s business and reputation.

TECHNOLOGY AND OPERATIONAL RISKS

A failure in BlackRock’s operational systems or infrastructure, including business continuity plans, could disrupt operations, damage the Company’s reputation and may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock’s infrastructure, including its technological capacity, data centers, and office space, is vital to the competitiveness of its business. Moreover a significant portion of BlackRock’s critical business operations are concentrated in a limited number of geographic areas, including San Francisco, New York, London and Gurgaon. The failure to maintain an infrastructure commensurate with the size and scope of BlackRock’s business, or the occurrence of a business outage or event outside BlackRock’s control, including a major earthquake, hurricane, fire, terrorist act, pandemic or other catastrophic event in any location at which BlackRock maintains a major presence, could materially impact operations, result in disruption to the business or impede its growth. Notwithstanding BlackRock’s efforts to ensure business continuity, if it fails to keep business continuity plans up-to-date or if such plans, including secure back-up facilities and systems and the availability of back-up employees, are improperly implemented or deployed during a disruption, the Company’s ability to operate could be adversely impacted which could cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline or could impact the Company’s ability to comply with regulatory obligations leading to reputational harm, regulatory fines and sanctions.

Failure to implement effective information and cyber security policies, procedures and capabilities could disrupt operations and cause financial losses that may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock is dependent on the effectiveness of the information and cyber security policies, procedures and capabilities it maintains to protect its computer and telecommunications systems and the data that reside on or are transmitted through them. An externally caused information security incident, such as a hacker attack, virus or worm, or an internally caused issue, such as failure to control access to sensitive systems, could materially interrupt business operations or cause disclosure or modification of sensitive or confidential client or competitive information and could result in material financial loss, loss of competitive position, regulatory actions, breach of client contracts, reputational harm or legal liability, which, in turn, could cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Failure to maintain Aladdin’s competitive position in a dynamic market for risk analytics could lead to a loss of clients and could impede BlackRock’s productivity and growth.

The sophisticated risk analytics that BlackRock provides via the Aladdin technology platform to support investment advisory and BRS clients are a key element to BlackRock’s competitive success. BlackRock relies on its ability, as well as the ability of a number of third parties who provide it with various types of data and software, to maintain a robust and

 

 

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secure technological framework to maximize the benefit of the Aladdin platform. The failure of these third parties to provide such data or software could result in operational difficulties and adversely impact BlackRock’s ability to provide services to its investment advisory and BRS clients. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to deliver a competitive product in a dynamic market for risk analytics or be able to effectively protect and enforce its intellectual property rights in these systems and processes.

Operating risks associated with BlackRock’s securities lending program may result in client losses, and in certain circumstances, potential financial liabilities for the Company.

BlackRock lends securities to banks and broker-dealers on behalf of certain of its clients. In these securities lending transactions, the borrower is required to provide and maintain collateral at or above regulatory minimums. Securities on loan are marked to market daily to determine if the borrower is required to pledge additional collateral. BlackRock must manage this process and is charged with mitigating the associated operational risks. The failure of the Company’s controls to mitigate such operational risks could result in financial losses for the Company’s clients that participate in its securities lending programs (separate from the risks of collateral investments). Additionally, in certain circumstances, the Company could potentially be held liable for the failure to manage any such risks.

BlackRock indemnifies certain securities lending clients for specified losses as a result of a borrower default.

BlackRock indemnifies certain of its securities lending clients for specified losses that might occur upon the default of a borrower. These indemnities are designed to cover a client’s potential shortfall where the value of the collateral pledged by a defaulting borrower in connection with a securities lending agreement is less than the amount needed to repurchase the securities loaned to such a defaulting borrower. Where the collateral is in the form of cash, the indemnities BlackRock provides do not guarantee, assume or otherwise insure the investment performance or return of any cash collateral vehicle into which that cash collateral is invested. The amount of securities on loan as of December 31, 2014 and subject to indemnification was $145.7 billion. BlackRock held, as agent, cash and securities totaling $155.8 billion as collateral for indemnified securities on loan at December 31, 2014. Significant borrower defaults coupled with collateral shortfalls could result in material liabilities under these indemnities, which may cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock’s decision to provide support to particular products from time to time, or the inability to provide support, may cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock may, at its option, from time to time support investment products through capital or other credit support. Such support may utilize capital and liquidity that would otherwise be available for other corporate purposes. Losses on such support, as well as regulatory restrictions on our ability to provide such support or the failure to have available or devote sufficient capital or liquidity to support products, may cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Failure to maintain adequate corporate and contingent liquidity may cause BlackRock’s AUM, liquidity and earnings to decline, as well as harm its prospects for growth.

BlackRock’s ability to meet anticipated cash needs depends upon a number of factors, including its ability to maintain and grow AUM, its creditworthiness and operating cash flows. Failure to maintain adequate liquidity could lead to unanticipated costs and force BlackRock to revise existing strategic and business initiatives. BlackRock’s access to equity and debt markets and its ability to issue public or private debt, or secure lines of credit or commercial paper back-up lines, on reasonable terms may be limited by adverse market conditions, a reduction in its long- or short-term credit ratings as well as changes in government regulations, including tax and interest rates. Failure to obtain funds and/or financing, or any adverse change to the cost of obtaining such funds and/or financing, could cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline, curtail its operations and limit or impede its prospects for growth.

Fraud, or the circumvention of controls and risk management policies, could have an adverse effect on BlackRock’s reputation, which may cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Although BlackRock has adopted a comprehensive risk management process and continues to enhance various controls, procedures, policies and systems to monitor and manage risks, it cannot assure that such controls, procedures, policies and systems will successfully identify and manage internal and external risks to its businesses. BlackRock is subject to the risk that its employees, contractors or other third parties may deliberately seek to circumvent established controls to commit fraud or act in ways that are inconsistent with the Company’s controls, policies and procedures. Persistent or repeated attempts involving fraud, conflicts of interests or circumvention of policies and controls could have an adverse effect on BlackRock’s reputation, which could cause costly regulatory inquiries and may cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock may be unable to develop new products and services and the development of new products and services may expose BlackRock to additional costs or operational risk.

BlackRock’s financial performance depends, in part, on its ability to develop, market and manage new investment products and services. The development and introduction of new products and services requires continued innovative efforts on the part of BlackRock and may require significant time and resources as well as ongoing support and investment. Substantial risk and uncertainties are associated with the introduction of new products and services, including the implementation of new and appropriate operational controls and procedures, shifting client and market preferences, the introduction of competing products or services and compliance with regulatory requirements. A failure to continue to innovate to introduce new products and services or to successfully manage the risks associated with such products and services may cause BlackRock’s costs to fluctuate, which may cause its AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

 

 

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The failure to recruit and retain employees and develop and implement effective executive succession could lead to the loss of clients and may cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock’s success is largely dependent on the talents and efforts of its highly skilled workforce and the Company’s ability to plan for the future long-term growth of the business by identifying and developing those employees who can ultimately transition into key roles within BlackRock. The market for qualified fund managers, investment analysts, financial advisers and other professionals is competitive, and factors that affect BlackRock’s ability to attract and retain such employees include the Company’s reputation, the compensation and benefits it provides, and its commitment to effectively managing executive succession, including the development and training of qualified individuals. In addition, a percentage of the deferred compensation that BlackRock pays to its employees is tied to the Company’s share price. As such, if BlackRock’s share price were to decrease materially, the retention value of such deferred compensation would decrease. There can be no assurance that the Company will continue to be successful in its efforts to recruit and retain employees and effectively manage executive succession. If BlackRock is unable to attract and retain talented individuals, or if it fails to effectively manage executive succession, the Company’s ability to compete effectively and retain its existing clients may be materially impacted.

Future inorganic transactions may harm the Company’s competitive or financial position if they are not successful.

BlackRock employs a variety of organic and inorganic strategies intended to enhance earnings, increase product offerings, access new clients and expand into new geographies. Inorganic strategies have included hiring smaller-sized investment teams, and acquiring investment management businesses and other small and medium-sized companies. Inorganic transactions involve a number of financial, accounting, tax, regulatory and operational challenges and uncertainties, including in some cases the assumption of pre-existing liabilities. Any failure to identify and mitigate these risks through due diligence and indemnification provisions could adversely impact BlackRock’s reputation, may cause its AUM, revenue and earnings to decline, and may harm the Company’s competitive position in the investment management industry. Moreover, there can be no assurances that BlackRock will be able to successfully integrate or realize the intended benefits from future inorganic transactions.

Operating in international markets increases BlackRock’s operational, regulatory and other risks.

As a result of BlackRock’s extensive international operations, the Company faces associated operational, regulatory, reputational, political and foreign exchange rate risks, many of which are outside of the Company’s control. The failure of the Company’s systems of internal control to mitigate such risks, or of its operating infrastructure to support its global activities, could result in operational failures and regulatory fines or sanctions, which could cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

RISKS RELATED TO BLACKROCK’S KEY VENDOR AND DISTRIBUTION RELATIONSHIPS

The failure of a key vendor to BlackRock to fulfill its obligations could have a material adverse effect on BlackRock’s reputation or business, which may cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock depends on a number of key vendors for various fund administration, accounting, custody, risk analytics, market data, market indices and transfer agent roles and other distribution and operational needs. The failure or inability of BlackRock to diversify its sources for key services or the failure of any key vendor to fulfill its obligations could lead to operational and regulatory issues for the Company, including with respect to certain of its products, which could result in reputational harm and may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Any disruption to the Company’s distribution channels may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock relies on a number of third parties to provide distribution, portfolio administration and servicing for certain BlackRock investment management products and services through their various distribution channels. In particular, BlackRock entered into a global distribution agreement with Bank of America/Merrill Lynch in 2006, which is subject to renegotiation at the end of 2016. BlackRock’s ability to maintain strong relationships with its distributors is material to the Company’s future performance. If BlackRock is unable to distribute its products and services successfully, if it experiences an increase in distribution-related costs, or if it is unable to replace or renew existing distribution arrangements, BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings may decline.

LEGAL AND REGULATORY RISKS

BlackRock is subject to extensive and pervasive regulation around the world.

BlackRock’s business is subject to extensive regulation around the world. These regulations subject BlackRock’s business activities to a pervasive array of increasingly detailed operational requirements, compliance with which is costly, time-consuming and complex. BlackRock may be adversely affected by its failure to comply with current laws and regulations or by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and regulations. Challenges associated with interpreting regulations issued in numerous countries in a globally consistent manner may add to such risks, if regulators in different jurisdictions have inconsistent views or provide only limited regulatory guidance. In particular, violation of applicable laws or regulations could result in fines, temporary or permanent prohibition of certain activities, reputational harm and related client terminations, suspensions of employees or revocation of their licenses, suspension or termination of investment adviser, broker-dealer or other registrations, or suspension or termination of bank charter or other sanctions, which could have a material adverse effect on BlackRock’s reputation or business and may cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline. For a more extensive discussion of the laws, regulations and regulators to which BlackRock is subject, see “Item 1 – Business – Regulation.”

Regulatory reforms in the United States and internationally expose BlackRock and its clients to increasing regulatory scrutiny.

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regulatory scrutiny to which BlackRock is subject will continue to increase. See “Item 1 – Business – Regulation.” A number of regulatory reforms that have been proposed may require BlackRock to alter its business or operating activities, which could be time-consuming and costly and which may impede the Company’s growth and may cause AUM, revenue and earnings to decline. Regulatory reform may also impact BlackRock’s banking, insurance company and pension fund clients, which could cause them to change their investment strategies or allocations in manners that may be adverse to BlackRock. Key regulatory reforms that may impact the Company include:

 

    Designation as a systemically important financial institution: Under the DFA, the Federal Reserve is charged with establishing enhanced regulatory requirements for nonbank financial institutions which have been designated as “systemically important” by the FSOC. In addition, the FSB and IOSCO have issued a consultative document on proposed methodologies to identify nonbank/noninsurance G-SIFIs. Although BlackRock has not been designated as a SIFI or G-SIFI, if it is designated as such in the future, it is likely to become subject to enhanced prudential, capital, supervisory and other requirements. Requirements such as these, which were designed to regulate banking institutions, would need to be modified to be applicable to an asset manager such as BlackRock. No proposals have been made indicating how such measures would be adapted for asset managers.

 

    The Volcker Rule: Provisions of the DFA referred to as the “Volcker Rule” created a new section of the BHC Act that places limitations on the ability of banks and their subsidiaries to engage in proprietary trading and to invest in and transact with certain private investment funds, including hedge funds, private equity funds and funds of funds (collectively “covered funds”). Complying with the Volcker Rule may reduce the level of market making and liquidity activities of several of BlackRock’s trading counterparties, which may adversely impact the liquidity and, in some cases, the pricing of various financial instruments in which BlackRock client accounts invest. Because the Federal Reserve currently treats BlackRock as a nonbank subsidiary of PNC, BlackRock may be required to conform its activities to the requirements of the Volcker Rule. On December 18, 2014, the Federal Reserve announced a second extension to the Volcker Rule conformance period, giving banking entities until July 21, 2016, to conform investments in and relationships with covered funds and foreign funds that were in place prior to December 31, 2013 (“legacy covered funds”). The Federal Reserve also announced its intention to act in the future to grant banking entities an additional one-year extension of the conformance period until July 21, 2017, to conform ownership interests in and relationships with these legacy covered funds. The Volcker Rule’s restrictions would, among other things, limit BlackRock’s ability to invest in covered funds and require BlackRock to remove its name from the names of its covered funds. The Volcker Rule may also require BlackRock to sell certain seed and co-investments that it holds in covered funds, potentially at a discount to existing carrying value, depending on market conditions.
    Money market mutual fund reform: Approximately 3% of BlackRock’s AUM as of December 31, 2014, consisted of assets in U.S. money market funds, of which institutional prime or institutional municipal money market funds (including offshore funds that feed into such money market funds) comprised approximately 2%. In July 2014, the SEC adopted rule amendments designed to reform the regulatory structure governing money market funds and to address the perceived systemic risks that such funds present. The new rules require institutional prime and institutional municipal money market funds to employ a floating net asset value method of pricing, which allows the daily share prices of these funds to fluctuate along with changes in the market-based value of fund assets. The rules also provide for new tools for the funds’ boards designed to address liquidity shocks, including liquidity fees and redemption gates. The rules do not apply to government (non-municipal) and retail money market funds, except that retail money market funds must comply with liquidity fees and redemption gate requirements. The potential impact of the rules that affect the structure of the funds, which have a two-year compliance period, on BlackRock’s business remains untested; they may, however, reduce the attractiveness of certain money market funds to investors.

 

    Regulation of swaps and derivatives: The implementation of DFA regulations, similar regulations in the EU and other global jurisdictions relating to swaps and derivatives could impact the manner in which BlackRock-advised funds and accounts use and trade swaps and other derivatives, increasing the costs of derivatives trading for BlackRock’s clients. Various global rules and regulations applicable to the use of financial products by funds, accounts and counterparties that have been adopted or proposed will require BlackRock to build and implement new compliance monitoring procedures to address the enhanced level of oversight to which it and its clients will be subject. These rules will also introduce new central clearing requirements for certain swap transactions and will require that certain swaps be executed only on or through electronic trading venues (as opposed to over the phone or other execution methods), with which BlackRock will have to comply. The new rules and regulations may produce regulatory inconsistencies in global derivatives trading rules and will increase the operational and legal risks with which BlackRock will have to contend.

 

    Increased international regulatory scrutiny: In addition to the extensive scrutiny BlackRock faces from U.S.-based regulators, the Company and its subsidiaries are also subject to the authority of numerous governmental and regulatory bodies globally, in particular in Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. These regulators have imposed numerous regulations, guidelines and standards on the activities of BlackRock and its subsidiaries covering a variety of areas, including capital resources requirements, marketing activities, client and investor protections, senior management arrangements and enhanced system and control requirements. In the event that BlackRock or any of its subsidiaries fails to comply with these often complex guidelines, regulations and standards, the regulators have broad powers to suspend or revoke any licenses they may have granted and/or to impose sanctions or fines.
 

 

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    European Union Directives: In the aftermath of the financial crisis, the European Commission (“EC”) initiated a plan for EU financial reform, including a number of consultations and initiatives intended to improve retail investor protections, which the EC reflected in new or updated Directives and regulations. The resulting review of MiFID, introduction of AIFMD, the introduction of MiFID 2 and the revision of the UCITS Directive have increased the compliance, disclosure and other obligations BlackRock faces in the European Economic Area. Once fully implemented, these Directives will have significant and wide-ranging impacts on EU securities and derivatives markets, which will directly and indirectly impact BlackRock’s EU-regulated subsidiaries and other group companies.

 

    Extension of Retail Distribution Review rules to new markets: BlackRock must also comply with newly implemented retail distribution rules aimed at enhancing consumer protections, overhauling mutual fund fee structures and increasing professionalism in the retail investment sector. The rules were originally introduced in the United Kingdom and have since been introduced in other jurisdictions where BlackRock operates. Similarly, MiFID 2 will contain a ban on certain advisers recovering commissions and other nonmonetary benefits from fund managers. These rules, if implemented, may lead to changes to the fees and commissions BlackRock is able to charge to its clients, as well as to its client servicing and distribution models.

Legal proceedings could cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock is subject to a number of sources of potential legal liability and the Company, certain of the investment funds it manages and certain of its subsidiaries and employees have been named as defendants in various legal actions, including arbitrations, class actions and other litigation arising in connection with BlackRock’s activities. Certain of BlackRock’s subsidiaries and employees are also subject to periodic examination, special inquiries and potential proceedings by regulatory authorities, including the SEC, OCC, DOL, CFTC and FCA. Similarly, from time to time, BlackRock receives subpoenas or other requests for information from various U.S. and non-U.S. governmental and regulatory authorities in connection with certain industry-wide, company-specific or other investigations or proceedings. These examinations, inquiries and proceedings, have in the past and could in the future, if compliance failures or other violations are found, cause the relevant regulator to institute proceedings and impose sanctions for violations. Any such action may also result in litigation by investors in BlackRock’s funds, other BlackRock clients or by BlackRock’s shareholders, which could harm the Company’s reputation and may cause its AUM, revenue and earnings to decline, potentially harm the investment returns of the applicable fund, or result in the Company being liable to the funds for damages.

In addition, when clients retain BlackRock to manage their assets or provide them with products or services, they typically specify contractual requirements or guidelines that BlackRock must observe in the provision of its services. A failure to comply with these guidelines or requirements could expose BlackRock to lawsuits, harm its reputation or cause clients to withdraw assets or terminate contracts, any of which could cause the Company’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

As BlackRock’s business continues to grow, the Company must routinely address conflicts of interest, as well as the perception of conflicts of interest, between itself and its clients or employees. In addition, the SEC and other regulators have increased their scrutiny of potential conflicts. BlackRock has procedures and controls in place that are designed to detect and address these issues. However, appropriately dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and if the Company fails, or appears to fail, to appropriately deal with any conflict of interest, it may face reputational damage, litigation, regulatory proceedings, or penalties or other sanctions, any of which may cause BlackRock’s AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

BlackRock is subject to banking regulations that may limit its business activities.

As described in “Item 1-Business-Regulation”, PNC owns approximately 22% of BlackRock’s capital stock. Based on the Federal Reserve’s interpretation of the BHC Act, the Federal Reserve currently takes the position that this ownership interest causes BlackRock to be treated as a nonbank subsidiary of PNC for purposes of the BHC Act, thereby subjecting BlackRock to banking regulation, including the supervision and regulation of the Federal Reserve. Such banking regulation limits the activities and the types of businesses that a nonbank subsidiary may conduct. The Federal Reserve has broad enforcement authority over nonbank subsidiaries, including the power to prohibit them from conducting any activity that, in the Federal Reserve’s opinion, is unauthorized or constitutes an unsafe or unsound practice, and to impose substantial fines and other penalties for violations. PNC is regulated as a “financial holding company” under the BHC Act, which allows PNC and BlackRock to engage in a much broader set of activities than would otherwise be permitted under the BHC Act; any failure of PNC to maintain its status as a financial holding company could result in substantial limitations on certain BlackRock activities and its growth. In addition to being subject to capital requirements established by the OCC, BlackRock’s trust bank subsidiary, which is organized as a national bank, is separately subject to banking regulation by the OCC. The OCC has broad enforcement authority over BlackRock’s trust bank subsidiary. Being subject to banking regulation may put BlackRock at a competitive disadvantage because most of its competitors are not subject to these limitations.

Failure to comply with ownership reporting requirements could result in harm to BlackRock’s reputation and may cause its AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

Of note among the various international regulations to which BlackRock is subject, are the extensive and increasingly stringent regulatory reporting requirements that necessitate the monitoring and reporting of issuer exposure levels (thresholds) across the holdings of managed funds and accounts and those of the Company. The specific triggers and the reporting methods that these threshold filings entail vary significantly by regulator and across jurisdictions. BlackRock continues to invest in technology, training and its employees to enhance its monitoring and reporting functions and improve the timeliness and accuracy of its disclosures. Despite these investments, the complexity of the various threshold reporting requirements combined with the breadth of the assets managed by the Company and high volume of securities trading have caused errors and omissions to occur in the past, and pose a risk that errors or omissions will occasionally occur in the future. Any such errors may expose BlackRock to monetary penalties, which

 

 

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could, have an adverse effect on BlackRock’s reputation and may cause its AUM, revenue and earnings to decline.

New tax legislation or changes in U.S. and foreign tax laws and regulations or challenges to BlackRock’s historical taxation practices may adversely affect BlackRock’s effective tax rate, business and overall financial condition.

BlackRock’s businesses may be affected by new tax legislation or regulations, or the modification of existing tax laws and regulations, by U.S. or non-U.S. authorities. In particular, FATCA has introduced expansive new investor onboarding, withholding and reporting rules aimed at ensuring U.S. persons with financial assets outside of the United States pay appropriate taxes. The FATCA rules will impact both U.S. and non-U.S. funds and subject BlackRock to extensive additional administrative burdens. Similarly, there has been renewed momentum by several EU Member States to introduce an FTT, which would impose taxation on a broad range of financial instrument and derivatives transactions. If introduced as proposed, FTTs could have an adverse effect on BlackRock’s financial results and on clients’ performance results. In addition, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development recently launched a base erosion and profit shifting proposal that aims to rationalize tax treatment across jurisdictions. If the BEPS proposal becomes the subject of legislative action in the format proposed it could have unintended taxation consequences for collective investment vehicles and the Company’s tax position, which could adversely affect BlackRock’s financial condition.

The Company also manages significant assets in products and accounts that have specific tax and after-tax related objectives, which could be adversely impacted by changes in tax policy, particularly with respect to U.S. municipal income, U.S. individual income tax rate on qualified dividends and, globally, alternative products. Additionally, any new legislation, modification or interpretation of tax laws could impact BlackRock’s corporate tax position. The application of complex tax regulations involves numerous uncertainties and in the normal course of business, U.S. and non-U.S. tax authorities may review and challenge BlackRock’s historical tax positions. These challenges may result in adjustments to BlackRock’s tax position, or impact the timing or amount of, taxable income, deductions or other tax allocations, which may adversely affect BlackRock’s effective tax rate and overall financial condition.

RISKS RELATED TO BLACKROCK’S SIGNIFICANT SHAREHOLDER

PNC owns a large portion of BlackRock’s capital stock. Future sales of our common stock in the public market by the Company or PNC could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock.

As of December 31, 2014, PNC owned 22% of the Company’s capital stock. Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

PNC has agreed to vote as a stockholder in accordance with the recommendation of BlackRock’s Board of Directors, and certain actions will require special board approval or the prior approval of PNC.

As discussed in our proxy statement, PNC has agreed to vote all of its voting shares in accordance with the recommendation of BlackRock’s Board of Directors in accordance with the provisions of its stockholder agreement

with BlackRock. As a consequence, if the shares held by PNC constitute a substantial portion of the outstanding voting shares, matters submitted to a stockholder vote that require a majority or a plurality of votes for approval, including elections of directors, will have a substantial number of shares voted in accordance with the determination of the BlackRock Board of Directors. This arrangement has the effect of concentrating a significant block of voting control over BlackRock in its Board of Directors, whether or not stockholders agree with any particular determination of the Board.

As discussed in our proxy statement, pursuant to our stockholder agreement with PNC, the following may not be done without prior approval of all of the independent directors, or at least two-thirds of the directors, then in office:

 

    appointment of a new Chief Executive Officer of BlackRock;

 

    any merger, issuance of shares or similar transaction in which beneficial ownership of a majority of the total voting power of BlackRock capital stock would be held by persons different than those currently holding such majority of the total voting power, or any sale of all or substantially all assets of BlackRock;

 

    any acquisition of any person or business which has a consolidated net income after taxes for its preceding fiscal year that equals or exceeds 20% of BlackRock’s consolidated net income after taxes for its preceding fiscal year if such acquisition involves the current or potential issuance of BlackRock capital stock constituting more than 10% of the total voting power of BlackRock capital stock issued and outstanding immediately after completion of such acquisition;

 

    any acquisition of any person or business constituting a line of business that is materially different from the lines of business BlackRock and its controlled affiliates are engaged in at that time if such acquisition involves consideration in excess of 10% of the total assets of BlackRock on a consolidated basis;

 

    except for repurchases otherwise permitted under the stockholder agreement, any repurchase by BlackRock or any subsidiary of shares of BlackRock capital stock such that after giving effect to such repurchase BlackRock and its subsidiaries shall have repurchased more than 10% of the total voting power of BlackRock capital stock within the 12-month period ending on the date of such repurchase;

 

    any amendment to BlackRock’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws; or

 

    any matter requiring stockholder approval pursuant to the rules of the NYSE.

Additionally, BlackRock may not enter into any of the following transactions without the prior approval of PNC:

 

    any sale of any subsidiary of BlackRock, the annualized revenue of which, together with the annualized revenue of any other subsidiaries disposed of within the same year, are more than 20% of the annualized revenue of BlackRock for the preceding fiscal year on a consolidated basis;

 

    for so long as BlackRock is a subsidiary of PNC for purposes of the BHC Act, entering into any business or activity that is prohibited for any such subsidiary under the BHC Act;
 

 

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    any amendment of any provision of a stockholder agreement between BlackRock and any stockholder beneficially owning greater than 20% of BlackRock capital stock that would be viewed by a reasonable person as being adverse to PNC or materially more favorable to the rights of any stockholder beneficially owning greater than 20% of BlackRock capital stock than to PNC;

 

    any amendment, modification, repeal or waiver of BlackRock’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws that would be viewed by a reasonable person as being adverse to the rights of PNC or more favorable to the rights of any stockholder beneficially owning greater than 20% of BlackRock capital stock, or any settlement or consent in a regulatory enforcement matter that would be reasonably likely to cause PNC or any of its affiliates to suffer regulatory disqualification, suspension of registration or license or other material adverse regulatory consequences; or

 

    a voluntary bankruptcy or similar filing by BlackRock.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff

Comments

The Company has no unresolved comments from the SEC staff relating to BlackRock’s periodic or current reports filed with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act.

Item 2. Properties

BlackRock’s principal office, which is leased, is located at 55 East 52nd Street, New York, New York. BlackRock leases additional office space in New York City at 40 East 52nd Street and throughout the world, including Boston, Chicago, Edinburgh, Gurgaon (India), Hong Kong, London, Melbourne, Munich, Princeton (New Jersey), San Francisco, Seattle, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei and Tokyo. The Company also owns an 84,500 square foot office building in Wilmington (Delaware).

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, BlackRock receives subpoenas or other requests for information from various U.S. federal, state governmental and domestic and international regulatory authorities in connection with certain industry-wide or other investigations or proceedings. It is BlackRock’s policy to cooperate fully with such inquiries. The Company and certain of its subsidiaries have been named as defendants in various legal actions, including arbitrations and other litigation arising in connection with BlackRock’s activities. Additionally, certain BlackRock-sponsored investment funds that the Company manages are subject to lawsuits, any of which potentially could harm the investment returns of the applicable fund or result in the Company being liable to the funds for any resulting damages.

Italian Securities Regulator Proceeding

The Italian securities regulator, Commissione Nazionale per le Societa e la Borsa (“Consob”), initiated a civil proceeding on January 3, 2014 against Nigel Bolton, a portfolio manager and head of BlackRock Investment Management (UK) Limited’s European Equity Team (“EET”), in connection with the sale of shares in the Italian oil and gas services company Saipem, SpA in January 2013.

Consob alleges that Mr. Bolton, on behalf of certain BlackRock clients, sold, or influenced the sale of, approximately 10.7 million shares of Saipem using material, non-public information thereby avoiding client losses of over 114.5 million. The EET’s sale of Saipem shares occurred between January 25 and January 29, 2013, and Saipem announced negative news following the market close on January 29, 2013. While BlackRock is not charged in the proceeding, it may be liable for the actions of its employee.

BlackRock conducted a thorough investigation and found no evidence to support the allegations. As a result of the investigation, BlackRock believes that the sale of Saipem shares was made as a fiduciary based on publicly available information that was widely disseminated in the marketplace, including negative publicity and a third-party analyst research report reducing earnings estimates, which was issued to the market before trading on January 25, 2013.

Consob also alleges that BlackRock declined to provide Consob with information and was an obstacle to Consob’s investigation. BlackRock believes it has fully cooperated with Consob, and it will continue to do so.

While under Italian law the potential penalty could be greater than the loss actually avoided, BlackRock believes that Mr. Bolton ultimately will not be found liable and, as a result, neither Mr. Bolton nor BlackRock will incur any penalty.

SEC Enforcement Matter

In June 2012, BlackRock Advisors, LLC (“BlackRock Advisors”), a subsidiary of BlackRock, announced that its then-employee Daniel J. Rice III would, among other things, no longer serve as a portfolio manager for the BlackRock Energy & Resources Portfolio in order to address any perception of a potential conflict of interest as a result of his personal investments and involvement in a family business, Rice Energy LP and related entities. BlackRock Advisors further announced that Mr. Rice would retire from BlackRock Advisors, which he did in December 2012.

The staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) commenced an investigation into this matter in 2012. On June 17, 2014, BlackRock Advisors received a written “Wells Notice” from the SEC staff indicating the staff’s preliminary determination to recommend to the Commission that the SEC file an action against BlackRock Advisors.

BlackRock Advisors has reached an agreement with the SEC staff, subject to approval by the Commission, to resolve the investigation. No assurance can be given that the settlement will be accepted by the Commission. The Company does not expect the agreement with the SEC staff to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial results or operations.

All Legal Proceedings

Management, after consultation with legal counsel, currently does not anticipate that the aggregate liability, if any, arising out of regulatory matters or lawsuits will have a material effect on BlackRock’s results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. However, there is no assurance as to whether any such pending or threatened matters will have a material effect on BlackRock’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows in any future reporting period. Due to uncertainties surrounding the outcome of these matters, management cannot reasonably estimate the possible loss or range of loss that may arise from these matters.

 

 

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s

Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

BlackRock’s common stock is listed on the NYSE and is traded under the symbol “BLK”. At the close of business on January 31, 2015, there were 293 common stockholders of record. Common stockholders include institutional or omnibus accounts that hold common stock for multiple underlying investors.

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low reported sale prices, period-end closing prices for the common stock and dividends declared per share for the common stock as reported on the NYSE:

 

  Common Stock
Price Ranges
  Closing
Price
  Cash
Dividend
Declared
 
  High   Low  

2014

First Quarter

$  323.89    $  286.39    $  314.48    $  1.93   

Second Quarter

$ 319.85    $ 293.71    $ 319.60    $ 1.93   

Third Quarter

$ 336.47    $ 301.10    $ 328.32    $ 1.93   

Fourth Quarter

$ 364.40    $ 303.91    $ 357.56    $ 1.93   

2013

First Quarter

$ 258.70    $ 212.77    $ 256.88    $ 1.68   

Second Quarter

$ 291.69    $ 245.30    $ 256.85    $ 1.68   

Third Quarter

$ 286.62    $ 255.26    $ 270.62    $ 1.68   

Fourth Quarter

$ 316.47    $ 262.75    $ 316.47    $ 1.68   

BlackRock’s closing common stock price as of February 26, 2015 was $375.02.

DIVIDENDS

On January 14, 2015, the Board of Directors approved BlackRock’s quarterly dividend of $2.18 to be paid on March 24, 2015 to stockholders of record at the close of business on March 6, 2015.

PNC receives dividends on shares of nonvoting participating preferred stock, which are equivalent to the dividends received by common stockholders.

 

 

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

During the three months ended December 31, 2014, the Company made the following purchases of its common stock, which is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act.

 

  Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased
  Average
Price Paid
per Share
  Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs
  Maximum
Number of
Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Plans or
Programs(1)
 

October 1, 2014 through October 31, 2014

  275,496 (2)  $ 322.87      273,317      3,822,099   

November 1, 2014 through November 30, 2014

  412,392 (2)  $ 349.79      411,970      3,410,129   

December 1, 2014 through December 31, 2014

  65,410 (2)  $ 356.69      49,662      3,360,467   

Total

  753,298    $  340.54      734,949   

 

(1) In January 2015, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the availability of shares that may be repurchased under the Company’s existing share repurchase program to allow for the repurchase of up to a total of 9.4 million additional shares of BlackRock common stock with no stated expiration date.

 

(2) Includes purchases made by the Company primarily to satisfy income tax withholding obligations of employees and members of the Company’s Board of Directors related to the vesting of certain restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards and purchases made by the Company as part of the publicly announced share repurchase program.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The selected financial data presented below has been derived in part from, and should be read in conjunction with, the consolidated financial statements of BlackRock and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in this Form 10-K.

 

  Year ended December 31,  
(in millions, except per share data) 2014   2013   2012   2011   2010  

Income statement data:

Revenue

Related parties(1)

$ 6,994    $ 6,260    $ 5,501    $ 5,431    $ 5,025   

Other third parties

  4,087      3,920      3,836      3,650      3,587   

Total revenue

  11,081      10,180      9,337      9,081      8,612   

Expense

Restructuring charges

                 32        

Other operating expenses

  6,607      6,323      5,813      5,800      5,614   

Total expenses

  6,607      6,323      5,813      5,832      5,614   

Operating income

  4,474      3,857      3,524      3,249      2,998   

Total nonoperating income (expense)

  (79   116      (54   (114   23   

Income before income taxes

  4,395      3,973      3,470      3,135      3,021   

Income tax expense

  1,131      1,022      1,030      796      971   

Net income

  3,264      2,951      2,440      2,339      2,050   

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests

  (30   19      (18   2      (13

Net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc.

$ 3,294    $ 2,932    $ 2,458    $ 2,337    $ 2,063   

Per share data:(2)

Basic earnings

$ 19.58    $ 17.23    $ 14.03    $ 12.56    $ 10.67   

Diluted earnings

$ 19.25    $ 16.87    $ 13.79    $ 12.37    $ 10.55   

Book value(3)

$  164.06    $  156.69    $  148.20    $  140.07    $  136.09   

Cash dividends declared and paid per share

$ 7.72    $ 6.72    $ 6.00    $ 5.50    $ 4.00   

 

(1) BlackRock’s related party revenue includes fees for services provided to registered investment companies that it manages, which include mutual funds and exchange-traded funds, as a result of the Company’s advisory relationship. In addition, equity method investments are considered related parties due to the Company’s influence over the financial and operating policies of the investee. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for more information on related parties.

 

(2) Participating preferred stock is considered to be a common stock equivalent for purposes of earnings per share calculations.

 

(3) Total BlackRock stockholders’ equity, excluding appropriated retained earnings, divided by total common and preferred shares outstanding at December 31 of the respective year-end.

 

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  December 31,  
(in millions) 2014   2013   2012   2011   2010  

Balance sheet data:

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 5,723    $ 4,390    $ 4,606    $ 3,506    $ 3,367   

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

  30,305      30,481      30,312      30,148      30,317   

Total assets(1)

  239,808      219,873      200,451      179,896      178,459   

Less:

Separate account assets(2)

  161,287      155,113      134,768      118,871      121,137   

Collateral held under securities lending agreements(2)

  33,654      21,788      23,021      20,918      17,638   

Consolidated investment vehicles(3)

  3,787      2,714      2,813      2,006      1,610   

Adjusted total assets

$ 41,080    $ 40,258    $ 39,849    $ 38,101    $ 38,074   

Short-term borrowings

$    $    $ 100    $ 100    $ 100   

Convertible debentures

                      67   

Long-term borrowings

  4,938      4,939      5,687      4,690      3,192   

Total borrowings

$ 4,938    $ 4,939    $ 5,787    $ 4,790    $ 3,359   

Total BlackRock, Inc. stockholders’ equity

$ 27,366    $ 26,460    $ 25,403    $ 25,048    $ 26,094   

Assets under management:

Equity:

Active

$ 292,802    $ 317,262    $ 287,215    $ 275,156    $ 334,532   

iShares

  790,067      718,135      534,648      419,651      448,160   

Non-ETF index

  1,368,242      1,282,298      1,023,638      865,299      911,775   

Equity subtotal

  2,451,111      2,317,695      1,845,501      1,560,106      1,694,467   

Fixed income:

Active

  701,324      652,209      656,331      614,804      592,303   

iShares

  217,671      178,835      192,852      153,802      123,091   

Non-ETF index

  474,658      411,142      410,139      479,116      425,930   

Fixed income subtotal

  1,393,653      1,242,186      1,259,322      1,247,722      1,141,324   

Multi-asset

  377,837      341,214      267,748      225,170      185,587   

Alternatives:

Core

  88,006      85,026      68,367      63,647      63,603   

Currency and commodities(4)

  23,234      26,088      41,428      41,301      46,135   

Alternatives subtotal

  111,240      111,114      109,795      104,948      109,738   

Long-term

  4,333,841      4,012,209      3,482,366      3,137,946      3,131,116   

Cash management

  296,353      275,554      263,743      254,665      279,175   

Advisory(5)

  21,701      36,325      45,479      120,070      150,677   

Total

$  4,651,895    $  4,324,088    $  3,791,588    $  3,512,681    $  3,560,968   

 

(1) Includes separate account assets that are segregated funds held for purposes of funding individual and group pension contracts and collateral held under securities lending agreements related to these assets that have equal and offsetting amounts recorded in liabilities and ultimately do not impact BlackRock’s stockholders’ equity or cash flows.

 

(2) Equal and offsetting amounts, related to separate account assets and collateral held under securities lending agreements, are recorded in liabilities.

 

(3) Includes assets held by consolidated variable interest entities and consolidated sponsored investments funds.

 

(4) Amounts include commodity iShares.

 

(5) Advisory AUM represents long-term portfolio liquidation assignments.

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report, and other statements that BlackRock may make, may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, with respect to BlackRock’s future financial or business performance, strategies or expectations. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “potential,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve,” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” and similar expressions.

BlackRock cautions that forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and BlackRock assumes no duty to and does not undertake to update forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.

In addition to risk factors previously disclosed in BlackRock’s Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reports and those identified elsewhere in this report, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance: (1) the introduction, withdrawal, success and timing of business initiatives and strategies; (2) changes and volatility in political, economic or industry conditions, the interest rate environment, foreign exchange rates or financial and capital markets, which could result in changes in demand for products or services or in the value of assets under management (“AUM”); (3) the relative and absolute investment performance of BlackRock’s investment products; (4) the impact of increased competition; (5) the

impact of future acquisitions or divestitures; (6) the unfavorable resolution of legal proceedings; (7) the extent and timing of any share repurchases; (8) the impact, extent and timing of technological changes and the adequacy of intellectual property, information and cyber security protection; (9) the impact of legislative and regulatory actions and reforms, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and regulatory, supervisory or enforcement actions of government agencies relating to BlackRock or The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. (“PNC”); (10) terrorist activities, international hostilities and natural disasters, which may adversely affect the general economy, domestic and local financial and capital markets, specific industries or BlackRock; (11) the ability to attract and retain highly talented professionals; (12) fluctuations in the carrying value of BlackRock’s economic investments; (13) the impact of changes to tax legislation, including income, payroll and transaction taxes, and taxation on products or transactions, which could affect the value proposition to clients and, generally, the tax position of the Company; (14) BlackRock’s success in maintaining the distribution of its products; (15) the impact of BlackRock electing to provide support to its products from time to time and any potential liabilities related to securities lending or other indemnification obligations; and (16) the impact of problems at other financial institutions or the failure or negative performance of products at other financial institutions.

OVERVIEW

BlackRock, Inc. (together, with its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise indicates, “BlackRock” or the “Company”) is a leading publicly traded investment management firm with $4.652 trillion of AUM at December 31, 2014. With approximately 12,200 employees in more than 30 countries, BlackRock provides a broad range of investment and risk management services to institutional and retail clients worldwide.

For further information see Note 1, Introduction and Basis of Presentation, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

 

 

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

 

(in millions, except per share data) 2014   2013   2012  

GAAP basis:

Total revenue

$ 11,081    $ 10,180    $ 9,337   

Total expense

  6,607      6,323      5,813   

Operating income

$ 4,474    $ 3,857    $ 3,524   

Operating margin

  40.4   37.9   37.7

Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling
interests(1)

  (49   97      (36

Income tax expense

  (1,131   (1,022   (1,030

Net income attributable to BlackRock

$ 3,294    $ 2,932    $ 2,458   

% attributable to common shares

  100.0   100.0   99.9

Net income attributable to common shares

$ 3,294    $ 2,932    $ 2,455   

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 19.25    $ 16.87    $ 13.79   

Effective tax rate

  25.6   25.8   29.5

As adjusted(2):

Total revenue

$ 11,081    $ 10,180    $ 9,337   

Total expense

  6,518      6,156      5,763   

Operating income

$ 4,563    $ 4,024    $ 3,574   

Operating margin

  42.9   41.4   40.4

Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling
interests(1)

  (56   7      (42

Income tax expense

  (1,197   (1,149   (1,094

Net income attributable to BlackRock

$ 3,310    $ 2,882    $ 2,438   

% attributable to common shares

  100.0   100.0   99.9

Net income attributable to common shares

$ 3,310    $ 2,882    $ 2,435   

Diluted earnings per common share

$ 19.34    $ 16.58    $ 13.68   

Effective tax rate

  26.6   28.5   31.0

Other:

Assets under management (end of period)

$ 4,651,895    $ 4,324,088    $ 3,791,588   

Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding(3)

   171,112,261       173,828,902       178,017,679   

Common and preferred shares outstanding (end of period)

  166,921,863      168,724,763      171,215,729   

Book value per share(4)

$ 164.06    $ 156.69    $ 148.20   

Cash dividends declared and paid per share

$ 7.72    $ 6.72    $ 6.00   

 

(1) Net of net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (“NCI”) (redeemable and nonredeemable).

 

(2) As adjusted items are described in more detail in Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

 

(3) Nonvoting participating preferred shares are considered to be common stock equivalents for purposes of determining basic and diluted earnings per share calculations. In addition, unvested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends are not included for 2012 as they were deemed to be participating securities in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). Upon vesting of the participating RSUs, the shares were added to the weighted-average shares outstanding that resulted in an increase to the percentage of net income attributable to common shares. The Company’s remaining participating securities vested in January 2013.

 

(4) Total BlackRock stockholders’ equity, excluding an appropriated retained deficit of $19 million for 2014 and appropriated retained earnings of $22 million and $29 million for 2013 and 2012, respectively, divided by total common and preferred shares outstanding at December 31 of the respective year-end.

 

2014 COMPARED WITH 2013

GAAP. Operating income of $4,474 million increased $617 million from 2013, reflecting growth in base fees and BlackRock Solutions and advisory revenue, partially offset by higher expense. The Company’s 2014 expense reflected higher revenue-related expense, including compensation and direct fund expense. Expense for 2014 also included a $50 million reduction of an indemnification asset recorded in general and administration expense (offset by a $50 million tax benefit—see Income Tax Expense within Discussion of Financial Results for more information) and $11 million of closed-end fund launch costs. The 2013 expense included $124 million of expense related to the Charitable Contribution described below and $18 million of closed-end fund launch costs.

Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, decreased $146 million from 2013. The prior year included a $39 million noncash, nonoperating pre-tax gain related to the carrying value of the Company’s equity method investment as a result of an initial public offering of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (the “PennyMac IPO”). In addition, in 2013, the Company made a charitable contribution of approximately six million units of the Company’s investment in PennyMac to a donor advised fund (the “Charitable Contribution”). In connection with the Charitable Contribution, the Company also recorded a noncash, nonoperating pre-tax gain of $80 million related to the contributed investment. The decrease in nonoperating income (expense) also reflected net lower returns on the co-investment and seed portfolio and higher interest expense resulting from a long-term debt issuance in March 2014, partially offset by the positive impact of the monetization of a nonstrategic, opportunistic private equity investment during 2014.

 

 

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Income tax expense of $1,131 million included $94 million of tax benefits, including the $50 million tax benefit mentioned above. Income tax expense for 2014 and 2013 reflected the revaluation of deferred income tax liabilities related to intangible assets and goodwill. Income tax expense for 2014 included a $9 million net noncash tax benefit arising primarily from state and local income tax changes and a $73 million net tax benefit related to several favorable nonrecurring items. Income tax expense for 2013 included a $69 million noncash tax benefit, primarily related to legislation enacted in the United Kingdom and state and local income tax changes. In addition, 2013 income tax expense included a tax benefit of approximately $48 million recognized in connection with the Charitable Contribution, a tax benefit of approximately $29 million, primarily due to the realization of tax loss carryforwards, and benefits from certain nonrecurring items.

Earnings per diluted common share rose $2.38, or 14%, from 2013 due to higher net income and the benefit of share repurchases.

As Adjusted. Operating income of $4,563 million and operating margin of 42.9% increased $539 million and 150 basis points, respectively, from 2013. The current year results excluded a $50 million general and administrative expense related to the reduction of an indemnification asset. The 2014 income tax expense included a $73 million net tax benefit and excluded a $50 million tax benefit associated with the reduction of the same indemnification asset and $9 million of net noncash benefits described above. The 2013 results excluded the financial impact of the Charitable Contribution, but included the $39 million pre-tax nonoperating gain related to the PennyMac IPO. The 2013 income tax expense included a tax benefit of approximately $29 million and benefits from certain nonrecurring items and excluded the $69 million net noncash benefit, described above. Earnings per diluted common share rose $2.76, or 17%, from 2013.

2013 COMPARED WITH 2012

GAAP. Operating income of $3,857 million increased $333 million from 2012, reflecting growth in base fees, strong performance fees and higher BlackRock Solutions and advisory revenue, partially offset by higher expenses, primarily due to the previously mentioned $124 million expense related to the Charitable Contribution and higher revenue-related expense. Operating income in 2012 included a $30 million charge related to a contribution to certain of the Company’s bank-managed short-term investment funds (“STIFs”). Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, increased $133 million due to the $39 million pre-tax gain related to the PennyMac IPO and the $80 million related to the Charitable Contribution and higher net positive marks on investments during 2013 compared with 2012. Income tax expense included a $69 million net noncash benefit for 2013 and a $30 million net noncash benefit for 2012. The net noncash benefits for both periods primarily related to the revaluation of certain deferred income tax liabilities, including legislation enacted in the United Kingdom and domestic state and local income tax changes. In addition, 2013 income tax expense included a tax benefit of approximately $48 million recognized in connection with the Charitable Contribution, a tax benefit of approximately $29 million, primarily due to the realization of tax loss carryforwards and benefits from certain

nonrecurring items. Earnings per diluted common share rose $3.08, or 22%, compared with 2012 due to higher net income and the benefit of share repurchases.

As Adjusted. Operating income of $4,024 million and operating margin of 41.4% increased $450 million and 100 basis points, respectively, from 2012. The current year results included the previously mentioned $39 million pre-tax nonoperating gain related to the PennyMac IPO. Income tax expense included a tax benefit of approximately $29 million, primarily due to the realization of tax loss carryforwards, and benefits from certain nonrecurring items and excluded the $69 million net noncash benefit in 2013 and the $30 million net noncash benefit in 2012 described above. Earnings per diluted common share rose $2.90, or 21%, from 2012. The financial impact related to the Charitable Contribution has been excluded from as adjusted results for 2013.

See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for further information on as adjusted items.

For further discussion of BlackRock’s revenue, expense, nonoperating results and income tax expense, see Discussion of Financial Results herein.

BUSINESS OUTLOOK

BlackRock’s highly diversified multi-product platform was created to meet the needs of its clients in all market environments. BlackRock is positioned to provide active and index investment solutions across asset classes and geographies and leverage BlackRock Solutions’ world-class risk management, analytics and advisory capabilities on behalf of clients. BlackRock serves a diverse mix of institutional and retail clients across the globe, including investors in iShares ETFs, maintaining differentiated client relationships and a fiduciary focus.

BlackRock’s Retail strategy is focused on an outcome-oriented approach to creating client solutions, including active, index and alternative products, and enhanced distribution. In the United States, BlackRock is leveraging its integrated wholesaler force to further penetrate wirehouse distribution platforms and gain share amongst registered investment advisors. Internationally, BlackRock continues to diversify the range of investment solutions available to clients, penetrate new distribution channels and capitalize on regulatory change impacting retrocession arrangements.

iShares growth strategy is centered on increasing global iShares market share and driving global market expansion. BlackRock will seek to achieve these goals by pursuing global growth themes in client and product segments including core investments, financial instruments and precision exposures.

BlackRock believes Institutional results will be driven by strength in specialty areas, including Defined Contribution, Financial Institutions, Official Institutions and Foundations, Family Offices and Endowments; deepening client relationships through effective cross-selling efforts; enhancing BlackRock’s solutions-oriented approach and leveraging BlackRock Solutions’ analytical and risk management expertise.

Assuming a stable market environment, BlackRock anticipates that organic growth, coupled with the benefits of scale, should result in increasing operating margins over time.

 

 

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BlackRock believes that earnings growth and shareholder returns should also be positively impacted by the Company’s commitment to a consistent and predictable capital management strategy.

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

BlackRock reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP; however, management believes evaluating the Company’s ongoing operating results may be enhanced if

investors have additional non-GAAP financial measures. Management reviews non-GAAP financial measures to assess ongoing operations and, for the reasons described below, considers them to be effective indicators, for both management and investors, of BlackRock’s financial performance over time. BlackRock’s management does not advocate that investors consider such non-GAAP financial measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

 

 

Computations for all periods are derived from the consolidated statements of income as follows:

(1) Operating income, as adjusted, and operating margin, as adjusted:

Operating income, as adjusted, equals operating income, GAAP basis, excluding certain items management deems nonrecurring, recurring infrequently or transactions that ultimately will not impact BlackRock’s book value. Management believes operating income, as adjusted, and operating margin, as adjusted, are effective indicators of BlackRock’s financial performance over time and, therefore, provide useful disclosure to investors.

 

(in millions) 2014   2013   2012  

Operating income, GAAP basis

$ 4,474    $ 3,857    $ 3,524   

Non-GAAP expense adjustments:

PNC LTIP funding obligation

  32      33      22   

Reduction of indemnification asset

  50             

Charitable Contribution

       124        

U.K. lease exit costs

            (8

Contribution to STIFs

            30   

Compensation expense related to appreciation (depreciation) on deferred compensation plans

  7      10      6   

Operating income, as adjusted

  4,563      4,024      3,574   

Closed-end fund launch costs

  10      16      22   

Closed-end fund launch commissions

  1      2      3   

Operating income used for operating margin measurement

$ 4,574    $ 4,042    $ 3,599   

Revenue, GAAP basis

$  11,081    $  10,180    $  9,337   

Non-GAAP adjustments:

Distribution and servicing costs

  (364   (353   (364

Amortization of deferred sales commissions

  (56   (52   (55

Revenue used for operating margin measurement

$ 10,661    $ 9,775    $ 8,918   

Operating margin, GAAP basis

  40.4   37.9   37.7

Operating margin, as adjusted

  42.9   41.4   40.4

 

    Operating income, as adjusted, includes non-GAAP expense adjustments. The portion of compensation expense associated with certain long-term incentive plans (“LTIP”) funded, or to be funded, through share distributions to participants of BlackRock stock held by PNC has been excluded because it ultimately does not impact BlackRock’s book value. In 2014, general and administration expense relating to the reduction of an indemnification asset has been excluded since it is directly offset by a tax benefit of the same amount and, consequently, does not impact BlackRock’s book value. In 2013, the $124 million expense related to the Charitable Contribution has been excluded from operating income, as adjusted, due to its nonrecurring nature and because the noncash, nonoperating pre-tax gain of $80 million directly related to the contributed PennyMac investment is reported in nonoperating income (expense). The U.K. lease exit amount in 2012 represents an adjustment related to the estimated lease exit costs initially recorded in 2011 and the contribution to STIFs represents a contribution to certain of the Company’s bank-managed STIFs. Both the U.K. lease exit amount and contribution to STIFs
   

have been excluded from operating income, as adjusted due to their nonrecurring nature. Compensation expense associated with appreciation (depreciation) on investments related to certain BlackRock deferred compensation plans has been excluded as returns on investments set aside for these plans, which substantially offset this expense, are reported in nonoperating income (expense).

Management believes operating income exclusive of these items is a useful measure in evaluating BlackRock’s operating performance and helps enhance the comparability of this information for the reporting periods presented.

 

    Operating margin, as adjusted, allows BlackRock to compare performance from period to period by adjusting for items that may not recur, recur infrequently or may have an economic offset in nonoperating income (expense). BlackRock also uses operating margin, as adjusted, to monitor corporate performance and efficiency and as a benchmark to compare its performance with other companies. Management uses both GAAP and non-GAAP financial
 

 

 

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measures in evaluating BlackRock’s financial performance. The non-GAAP measure by itself may pose limitations because it does not include all of BlackRock’s revenue and expense.

Operating income used for measuring operating margin, as adjusted, is equal to operating income, as adjusted, excluding the impact of closed-end fund launch costs and related commissions. Management believes the exclusion of such costs and related commissions is useful because these costs can fluctuate considerably and revenue associated with the expenditure of these costs will not fully impact BlackRock’s results until future periods.

Revenue used for operating margin, as adjusted, excludes distribution and servicing costs paid to related parties and other third parties. Management believes the exclusion of such costs is useful because it creates consistency in the treatment for certain contracts for similar services, which due to the terms of the contracts, are accounted for under GAAP on a net basis within investment advisory, administration fees and securities lending revenue. Amortization of deferred sales commissions is excluded from revenue used for operating margin measurement, as adjusted, because such costs, over time, substantially offset distribution fee revenue the Company earns. For each of these items, BlackRock excludes from revenue used for operating margin, as adjusted, the costs related to each of these items as a proxy for such offsetting revenue.

(2) Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, as adjusted,

Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, as adjusted, equals nonoperating income (expense), GAAP basis, less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, adjusted for compensation expense associated with (appreciation) depreciation on investments related to certain BlackRock deferred compensation plans. The compensation expense offset is recorded in operating income. This compensation expense has been

included in nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, as adjusted, to offset returns on investments set aside for these plans, which are reported in nonoperating income (expense), GAAP basis.

Management believes nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, as adjusted, provides comparability of information among reporting periods and is an effective measure for reviewing BlackRock’s nonoperating contribution to results. As compensation expense associated with (appreciation) depreciation on investments related to certain deferred compensation plans, which is included in operating income, substantially offsets the gain (loss) on the investments set aside for these plans, management believes nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, as adjusted, provides a useful measure, for both management and investors, of BlackRock’s nonoperating results that impact book value. During 2013, the noncash, nonoperating pre-tax gain of $80 million related to the contributed PennyMac investment has been excluded from nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, as adjusted due to its nonrecurring nature and because the more than offsetting associated Charitable Contribution expense of $124 million is reported in operating income.

 

(in millions) 2014   2013   2012  

Nonoperating income (expense), GAAP basis

$ (79 $  116    $  (54)   

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to NCI

  (30   19      (18

Nonoperating income (expense), net of NCI

  (49   97      (36

Gain related to Charitable Contribution

    —      (80     

Compensation expense related to (appreciation) depreciation on deferred compensation plans

  (7   (10   (6

Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI, as adjusted

$ (56 $ 7    $ (42
 

 

(3) Net income attributable to BlackRock, as adjusted:

Management believes net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc., as adjusted, and diluted earnings per common share, as adjusted, are useful measures of BlackRock’s profitability and financial performance. Net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc., as adjusted, equals net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc., GAAP basis, adjusted for significant nonrecurring items, charges that ultimately will not impact BlackRock’s book value or certain tax items that do not impact cash flow.

 

(in millions, except per share data) 2014   2013   2012  

Net income attributable to BlackRock, GAAP basis

$  3,294    $ 2,932    $ 2,458   

Non-GAAP adjustments, net of tax:

PNC LTIP funding obligation

  25      23      14   

Income tax matters

  (9   (69   (50

Amount related to the Charitable Contribution

       (4     

U.K. lease exit costs

            (5

Contribution to STIFs

            21   

Net income attributable to BlackRock, as adjusted

$ 3,310    $  2,882    $ 2,438   

Allocation of net income, as adjusted, to common shares(4)

$ 3,310    $ 2,882    $ 2,435   

Diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding(5)

  171.1      173.8      178.0   

Diluted earnings per common share, GAAP basis(5)

$ 19.25    $ 16.87    $ 13.79   

Diluted earnings per common share, as adjusted(5)

$ 19.34    $ 16.58    $ 13.68   

See aforementioned discussion regarding operating income, as adjusted, and operating margin, as adjusted, for information on the PNC LTIP funding obligation, Charitable Contribution, U.K. lease exit costs and contribution to STIFs.

 

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For each period presented, the non-GAAP adjustments, including the PNC LTIP funding obligation, U.K. lease exit costs and contribution to STIFs were tax effected at the respective blended rates applicable to the adjustments. Amounts for 2013 included a tax benefit of approximately $48 million recognized in connection with the Charitable Contribution. The tax benefit has been excluded from net income attributable to BlackRock, Inc., as adjusted due to the nonrecurring nature of the Charitable Contribution.

Non-GAAP adjustments for 2014, 2013 and 2012 reflected the revaluation of deferred income tax liabilities related to intangible assets and/or goodwill. The amount for 2014 included a $9 million net noncash tax benefit arising primarily from state and local income tax changes. The amount for 2013 included a $69 million noncash tax benefit, primarily related to legislation enacted in the United Kingdom and state and local income tax changes. The amount for 2012 included a $50 million noncash tax benefit, primarily related to the effect of legislation enacted in the United Kingdom and the state and local income tax effect resulting from changes in the Company’s organizational structure. Such amounts for 2014, 2013 and 2012 have been excluded from as adjusted results as they will not have a cash flow impact and to ensure comparability among periods presented.

 

(4) Amounts for 2012 exclude net income attributable to participating securities (see below).

 

(5) Nonvoting participating preferred stock is considered to be a common stock equivalent for purposes of determining basic and diluted earnings per share calculations.

 

  Prior to 2013, certain unvested RSUs were not included in diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding as they were deemed participating securities. Average outstanding participating securities were 0.2 million in 2012. For further information, see Note 21, Earnings per Share, to the consolidated financial statements.

Assets Under Management

AUM for reporting purposes generally is based upon how investment advisory and administration fees are calculated for each portfolio. Net asset values, total assets, committed assets or other measures may be used to determine portfolio AUM.

AUM and Net Inflows (Outflows) by Client Type

 

  AUM   Net Inflows (Outflows)  
(in millions) 2014   2013   2012   2014   2013   2012(1)  

Retail

$ 534,329    $ 487,777    $ 403,484    $ 54,944    $ 38,804    $ 11,556   

iShares

  1,024,228      914,372      752,706      100,601      63,971      85,167   

Institutional:

Active

  959,160      932,410      884,695      (10,420   (928   (24,046

Index

  1,816,124      1,677,650      1,441,481      36,128      15,266      (75,142

Institutional subtotal

  2,775,284      2,610,060      2,326,176      25,708      14,338      (99,188

Long-term

  4,333,841      4,012,209      3,482,366      181,253      117,113      (2,465

Cash management

  296,353      275,554      263,743      25,696      10,056      5,048   

Advisory(2)

  21,701      36,325      45,479      (13,173   (7,442   (74,540

Total

$  4,651,895    $  4,324,088    $  3,791,588    $  193,776    $  119,727    $  (71,957

AUM and Net Inflows (Outflows) by Product Type

 

  AUM   Net Inflows (Outflows)  
(in millions) 2014   2013   2012   2014   2013   2012(1)  

Equity

$ 2,451,111    $ 2,317,695    $ 1,845,501    $ 52,420    $ 69,257    $ 54,016   

Fixed income

  1,393,653      1,242,186      1,259,322      96,406      11,508      (66,829

Multi-asset

  377,837      341,214      267,748      28,905      42,298      15,817   

Alternatives

Core

  88,006      85,026      68,367      3,061      2,703      (3,922

Currency and commodities(3)

  23,234      26,088      41,428      461      (8,653   (1,547

Subtotal

  111,240      111,114      109,795      3,522      (5,950   (5,469

Long-term

  4,333,841      4,012,209      3,482,366      181,253      117,113      (2,465

Cash management

  296,353      275,554      263,743      25,696      10,056      5,048   

Advisory(2)

  21,701      36,325      45,479      (13,173   (7,442   (74,540

Total

$  4,651,895    $  4,324,088    $  3,791,588    $  193,776    $  119,727    $  (71,957

 

(1) Amounts include the effect of two single client low-fee institutional index fixed income outflows of $36.0 billion and $74.2 billion.

 

(2) Advisory AUM represents long-term portfolio liquidation assignments. Outflows include planned client distributions.

 

(3) Amounts include commodity iShares.

 

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The following table presents the component changes in BlackRock’s AUM for 2014, 2013 and 2012.

 

  December 31,  
(in millions) 2014   2013   2012  

Beginning assets under management

$ 4,324,088    $ 3,791,588    $ 3,512,681   

Net inflows (outflows)

Long-term(1)

  181,253      117,113      (2,465

Cash management

  25,696      10,056      5,048   

Advisory(2)

  (13,173   (7,442   (74,540

Total net inflows (outflows)

  193,776      119,727      (71,957

Acquisitions(3)

       26,932      13,742   

Market change

  261,682      398,707      321,377   

FX impact(4)

  (127,651   (12,866   15,745   

Total change

  327,807      532,500      278,907   

Ending assets under management

$  4,651,895    $  4,324,088    $  3,791,588   

 

(1) In 2012, amounts include the effect of two single client low-fee institutional index fixed income outflows of $36.0 billion and $74.2 billion.

 

(2) Advisory AUM represents long-term portfolio liquidation assignments. Outflows include planned client distributions.

 

(3) Amounts include AUM acquired from the Company’s acquisition of MGPA in October 2013 of $11.0 billion, the Credit Suisse ETF franchise in July 2013 (the “Credit Suisse ETF Transaction”) of $16.0 billion, the Swiss Re Private Equity Partners acquisition (the “SRPEP Transaction”) in September 2012 of $6.2 billion and the Claymore Investments, Inc. acquisition (the “Claymore Transaction”) in March 2012 of $7.6 billion.

 

(4) Foreign exchange reflects the impact of converting non-U.S. dollar denominated AUM into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes.

BlackRock has historically grown aggregate AUM through organic growth and acquisitions. Management believes that the Company will be able to continue to grow AUM by focusing on strong investment performance, efficient delivery of beta for index products, client service, developing new products and optimizing distribution capabilities.

Component Changes in AUM for 2014

The following table presents the component changes in AUM by client type and product for 2014.

 

(in millions)

December 31,

2013

  Net
inflows
(outflows)
  Market
change
  FX
impact(1)
 

December 31,

2014

  Full Year
Average
AUM(2)
 

Retail:

Equity

$ 203,035    $ 1,582    $ 1,831    $ (6,003 $ 200,445    $ 207,280   

Fixed income

  151,475      36,995      3,698      (2,348   189,820      170,490   

Multi-asset

  117,054      13,366      (4,080   (999   125,341      123,619   

Alternatives

  16,213      3,001      152      (643   18,723      18,487   

Retail subtotal

  487,777      54,944      1,601      (9,993   534,329      519,876   

iShares:

Equity

  718,135      59,626      26,517      (14,211   790,067      751,830   

Fixed income

  178,835      40,007      4,905      (6,076   217,671      199,410   

Multi-asset

  1,310      439      37      (13   1,773      1,535   

Alternatives

  16,092      529      (1,722   (182   14,717      16,453   

iShares subtotal

  914,372      100,601      29,737      (20,482   1,024,228      969,228   

Institutional:

Active:

Equity

  138,726      (18,648   9,935      (4,870   125,143      131,779   

Fixed income

  505,109      (6,943   34,062      (13,638   518,590      515,411   

Multi-asset

  215,276      15,835      23,435      (11,633   242,913      233,729   

Alternatives

  73,299      (664   1,494      (1,615   72,514      73,075   

Active subtotal

  932,410      (10,420   68,926      (31,756   959,160      953,994   

Index:

Equity

  1,257,799      9,860      102,549      (34,752   1,335,456      1,305,930   

Fixed income

  406,767      26,347      56,086      (21,628   467,572      440,047   

Multi-asset

  7,574      (735   1,652      (681   7,810      7,001   

Alternatives

  5,510      656      (693   (187   5,286      6,061   

Index subtotal

  1,677,650      36,128      159,594      (57,248   1,816,124      1,759,039   

Institutional subtotal

  2,610,060      25,708      228,520      (89,004   2,775,284      2,713,033   

Long-term

  4,012,209      181,253      259,858      (119,479   4,333,841      $ 4,202,137   

Cash management

  275,554      25,696      715      (5,612   296,353   

Advisory(3)

  36,325      (13,173   1,109      (2,560   21,701         

Total

$  4,324,088    $  193,776    $  261,682    $  (127,651 $  4,651,895         

 

(1) Foreign exchange reflects the impact of converting non-U.S. dollar denominated AUM into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes.

 

(2) Average AUM is calculated as the average of the month-end spot AUM amounts for the trailing thirteen months.

 

(3) Advisory AUM represents long-term portfolio liquidation assignments.

 

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The following table presents component changes in AUM by product for 2014.

 

(in millions) December 31,
2013
  Net
inflows
(outflows)
  Market
change
  FX
impact(1)
  December 31,
2014
  Full Year
Average
AUM(2)
 

Equity:

Active

$ 317,262    $ (24,882 $ 9,867    $ (9,445 $ 292,802    $ 310,551   

iShares

  718,135      59,626      26,517      (14,211   790,067      751,830   

Non-ETF index

  1,282,298      17,676      104,448      (36,180   1,368,242      1,334,438   

Equity subtotal

  2,317,695      52,420      140,832      (59,836   2,451,111      2,396,819   

Fixed income:

Active

  652,209      27,694      36,942      (15,521   701,324      680,078   

iShares

  178,835      40,007      4,905      (6,076   217,671      199,410   

Non-ETF index

  411,142      28,705      56,904      (22,093   474,658      445,870   

Fixed income subtotal

  1,242,186      96,406      98,751      (43,690   1,393,653      1,325,358   

Multi-asset

  341,214      28,905      21,044      (13,326   377,837      365,884   

Alternatives:

Core

  85,026      3,061      1,808      (1,889   88,006      87,689   

Currency and commodities(3)

  26,088      461      (2,577   (738   23,234      26,387   

Alternatives subtotal

  111,114      3,522      (769 )    (2,627 )    111,240      114,076   

Long-term

  4,012,209      181,253      259,858      (119,479 )    4,333,841    $  4,202,137   

Cash management

  275,554      25,696      715      (5,612   296,353   

Advisory(4)

  36,325      (13,173   1,109      (2,560   21,701   

Total

$  4,324,088    $  193,776    $  261,682    $  (127,651 )  $  4,651,895   

 

(1) Foreign exchange reflects the impact of converting non-U.S. dollar denominated AUM into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes.

 

(2) Average AUM is calculated as the average of the month-end spot AUM amounts for the trailing thirteen months.

 

(3) Amounts include commodity iShares.

 

(4) Advisory AUM represents long-term portfolio liquidation assignments.

 

AUM increased $327.8 billion, or 8%, to $4.652 trillion at December 31, 2014 from $4.324 trillion at December 31, 2013. The increase in AUM was driven by net market appreciation of $261.7 billion and net inflows of $193.8 billion, partially offset by foreign exchange movements.

Net market appreciation of $261.7 billion included $140.8 billion of growth in equity products primarily due to

higher U.S. equity markets, and appreciation of $98.8 billion and $21.0 billion in fixed income and multi-asset products, respectively, across the majority of strategies.

AUM decreased $127.7 billion from foreign exchange movements, primarily resulting from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the euro, the British pound and the Japanese yen.

 

 

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Component Changes in AUM for 2013

The following table presents the component changes in AUM by client type and product for 2013.

 

(in millions)

December 31,

2012

  Net
inflows
(outflows)
  Adjustments(1)   Acquisitions(2)   Market
change
  FX
impact(3)
 

December 31,

2013

  Full Year
Average
AUM(4)
 

Retail:

Equity

$ 164,748    $ 3,641    $ 13,066    $    $ 20,743    $ 837    $ 203,035    $ 173,886   

Fixed income

  138,425      14,197      3,897           (5,338   294      151,475      143,929   

Multi-asset

  90,626      14,821      2,663           9,039      (95   117,054      102,276   

Alternatives

  9,685      6,145           136      136      111      16,213      12,585   

Retail subtotal

  403,484      38,804      19,626      136      24,580      1,147      487,777      432,676   

iShares:

Equity

  534,648      74,119           13,021      95,335      1,012      718,135      620,113   

Fixed income

  192,852      (7,450        1,294      (8,477   616      178,835      186,264   

Multi-asset

  869      355                96      (10   1,310      1,115   

Alternatives

  24,337      (3,053        1,645      (6,863   26      16,092      20,084   

iShares subtotal

  752,706      63,971           15,960      80,091      1,644      914,372      827,576   

Institutional:

Active:

Equity

  129,024      (16,504             27,930      (1,724   138,726      131,254   

Fixed income

  518,102      (3,560             (6,247   (3,186   505,109      504,769   

Multi-asset

  166,708      28,955      3,335           14,193      2,085      215,276      184,958   

Alternatives

  70,861      (9,819        10,836      2,593      (1,172   73,299      68,364   

Active subtotal

  884,695      (928 )    3,335      10,836      38,469      (3,997 )    932,410      889,345   

Index:

Equity

  1,017,081      8,001      (18,238        260,333      (9,378   1,257,799      1,145,499   

Fixed income

  409,943      8,321      (4,723        (4,840   (1,934   406,767      405,502   

Multi-asset

  9,545      (1,833             476      (614   7,574      8,913   

Alternatives

  4,912      777                (259   80      5,510      5,440   

Index subtotal

  1,441,481      15,266      (22,961        255,710      (11,846   1,677,650      1,565,354   

Institutional subtotal

  2,326,176      14,338      (19,626   10,836      294,179      (15,843   2,610,060      2,454,699   

Long-term

  3,482,366      117,113           26,932      398,850      (13,052   4,012,209    $  3,714,951   

Cash management

  263,743      10,056                395      1,360      275,554   

Advisory(5)

  45,479      (7,442             (538   (1,174   36,325   

Total

$  3,791,588    $  119,727    $    $  26,932    $  398,707    $ (12,866 $  4,324,088   

 

(1) Amounts include $19.6 billion of AUM related to fund ranges reclassed from institutional to retail and $6.0 billion of AUM reclassed from non-ETF index equity and fixed income to multi-asset.

 

(2) Amounts represent $16.0 billion of AUM acquired in the Credit Suisse ETF Transaction in July 2013 and $11.0 billion of AUM acquired in the MGPA acquisition in October 2013.

 

(3) Foreign exchange reflects the impact of converting non-U.S. dollar denominated AUM into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes.

 

(4) Average AUM is calculated as the average of the month-end spot AUM amounts for the trailing thirteen months.

 

(5) Advisory AUM represents long-term portfolio liquidation assignments. Outflows include planned client distributions.

 

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The following table presents component changes in AUM by product for 2013.

 

(in millions) December 31,
2012
  Net
inflows
(outflows)
  Adjustments(1)   Acquisitions(2)   Market
change
  FX
impact(3)
  December 31,
2013
  Full Year
Average
AUM(4)
 

Equity:

Active

$ 287,215      $ (15,377 $  —    $  —    $ 46,530    $ (1,106 $ 317,262    $ 295,776   

iShares

  534,648      74,119           13,021      95,335      1,012      718,135      620,113   

Non-ETF index

  1,023,638      10,515      (5,172        262,476      (9,159   1,282,298      1,154,863   

Equity subtotal

  1,845,501      69,257      (5,172 )    13,021      404,341      (9,253 )    2,317,695      2,070,752   

Fixed income:

Active

  656,331      10,443                (11,584   (2,981   652,209      648,143   

iShares

  192,852      (7,450        1,294      (8,477   616      178,835      186,264   

Non-ETF index

  410,139      8,515      (826        (4,841   (1,845   411,142      406,057   

Fixed income subtotal

  1,259,322      11,508      (826 )    1,294      (24,902 )    (4,210 )    1,242,186      1,240,464   

Multi-asset

  267,748      42,298      5,998           23,804      1,366      341,214      297,262   

Alternatives:

Core

  68,367      2,703           10,972      3,012      (28)      85,026      73,827   

Currency and commodities(5)

  41,428      (8,653        1,645      (7,405   (927   26,088      32,646   

Alternatives subtotal

  109,795      (5,950 )         12,617      (4,393 )    (955 )    111,114      106,473   

Long-term

  3,482,366      117,113           26,932      398,850      (13,052 )    4,012,209    $  3,714,951   

Cash management

  263,743      10,056                395      1,360      275,554   

Advisory(6)

  45,479      (7,442             (538   (1,174   36,325   

Total

$  3,791,588    $ 119,727    $    $  26,932    $  398,707    $  (12,866 $  4,324,088   

 

(1) Amounts include $6.0 billion of AUM reclassed from non-ETF index equity and fixed income to multi-asset.

 

(2) Amounts represent $16.0 billion of AUM acquired in the Credit Suisse ETF Transaction in July 2013 and $11.0 billion of AUM acquired in the MGPA acquisition in October 2013.

 

(3) Foreign exchange reflects the impact of converting non-U.S. dollar denominated AUM into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes.

 

(4) Average AUM is calculated as the average of the month-end spot AUM amounts for the trailing thirteen months.

 

(5) Advisory AUM represents long-term portfolio liquidation assignments. Outflows include planned client distributions.

 

(6) Amounts include commodity iShares.

 

AUM increased $532.5 billion, or 14%, to $4.324 trillion at December 31, 2013 from $3.792 trillion at December 31, 2012. The increase in AUM was driven by net market appreciation of $398.7 billion, net inflows of $119.7 billion and acquired AUM related to the MGPA acquisition and the Credit Suisse ETF Transaction, partially offset by foreign exchange movements.

Net market appreciation of $398.7 billion included $404.3 billion from equity products, primarily due to positive movements in U.S. and global equity markets.

The $12.9 billion decrease in AUM from foreign exchange movements was due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar, primarily against the Japanese yen and the Canadian dollar, partially offset by the weakening of the U.S. dollar against the British pound and the euro.

DISCUSSION OF FINANCIAL RESULTS

Introduction

BlackRock derives a substantial portion of its revenue from investment advisory and administration fees, which are recognized as the services are performed. Such fees are primarily based on predetermined percentages of the market value of AUM or percentages of committed capital during investment periods of certain alternative products and are affected by changes in AUM, including market appreciation or depreciation, foreign exchange translation

and net inflows or outflows. Net inflows or outflows represent the sum of new client assets, additional fundings from existing clients (including dividend reinvestment), withdrawals of assets from, and termination of, client accounts and distributions to investors representing return of capital and return on investments to investors. Market appreciation or depreciation includes current income earned on, and changes in the fair value of, securities held in client accounts. Foreign exchange translation reflects the impact of converting non-U.S. dollar denominated AUM into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes.

BlackRock also earns revenue by lending securities on behalf of clients to highly rated banks and broker-dealers. The securities loaned are secured by collateral in the form of cash or securities, with minimum collateral generally ranging from approximately 102% to 112% of the value of the loaned securities. Generally, the revenue earned is shared between BlackRock and the funds or accounts managed by the Company from which the securities are borrowed. Historically, securities lending revenue in the second quarter exceeds the other quarters during the year driven by higher seasonal demand.

Investment advisory agreements for certain separate accounts and investment funds provide for performance fees based upon relative and/or absolute investment performance, in addition to base fees based on AUM. Investment advisory performance fees generally are earned after a given period of time and when investment performance exceeds a contractual threshold. As such, the

 

 

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timing of recognition of performance fees may increase the volatility of BlackRock’s revenue and earnings. The magnitude of performance fees can fluctuate quarterly due to the timing of carried interest recognition on alternative products; however the third and fourth quarters have a greater number of nonalternative products with performance measurement periods that end on either September 30 or December 31.

BlackRock provides a variety of risk management, investment analytic and investment system and advisory services to financial institutions, pension funds, asset managers, foundations, consultants, mutual fund sponsors, real estate investment trusts and government agencies. These services are provided under the brand name BlackRock Solutions and include a wide array of risk management services, valuation services related to illiquid securities, disposition and workout assignments (including long-term portfolio liquidation assignments), strategic planning and execution, and enterprise investment system outsourcing to clients. The Company’s Aladdin® operating platform serves as the investment/risk solutions system for BlackRock and other institutional investors. Fees earned for BlackRock Solutions and advisory services are determined using some, or all, of the following methods: (i) percentages of various attributes of advisory AUM or value of positions on the Aladdin platform, (ii) fixed fees and (iii) performance fees if contractual thresholds are met.

BlackRock builds upon its leadership position to meet the growing need for investment and risk management solutions. Through its scale and diversity of products, it is able to provide its clients with customized solutions including fiduciary outsourcing for liability-driven investments and overlay strategies for pension plan sponsors, balance sheet management and related services for insurance companies and target date and target return funds, as well as asset allocation portfolios, for retail investors. BlackRock is also able to service these clients via its Aladdin platform to provide risk management and other outsourcing services for institutional investors and custom and tailored solutions to address complex risk exposures.

The Company earns fees for transition management services primarily comprised of commissions from acting as a broker-dealer in connection with buying and selling securities on behalf of its customers. Commissions related to transition management services are recorded on a trade-date basis as securities transactions occur.

The Company also earns revenue related to certain strategic investments accounted for as equity method investments.

Operating expense reflects employee compensation and benefits, distribution and servicing costs, amortization of deferred sales commissions, direct fund expense, general and administration expense and amortization of finite-lived intangible assets.

 

    Employee compensation and benefits expense includes salaries, commissions, temporary help, deferred and incentive compensation, employer payroll taxes, severance and related benefit costs.
    Distribution and servicing costs, which are primarily AUM driven, include payments made to Merrill Lynch-affiliated entities under a global distribution agreement, to PNC and Barclays, as well as other third parties, primarily associated with obtaining and retaining client investments in certain BlackRock products.

 

    Direct fund expense primarily consist of third-party nonadvisory expense incurred by BlackRock related to certain funds for the use of index trademarks, reference data for indices, custodial services, fund administration, fund accounting, transfer agent services, shareholder reporting services, legal expense, audit and tax services as well as other fund-related expense directly attributable to the nonadvisory operations of the fund. These expenses may vary over time with fluctuations in AUM, number of shareholder accounts, or other attributes directly related to volume of business.

 

    General and administration expense includes marketing and promotional, occupancy and office-related costs, portfolio services (including clearing expense related to transition management services), technology, professional services, communications, closed-end fund launch costs and other general and administration expense, including the impact of foreign currency remeasurement.

Approximately 75% of the Company’s revenue is generated in U.S. dollars. The Company’s revenue and expense generated in foreign currencies (primarily the euro and British pound) are impacted by foreign exchange rates. Any effect of foreign exchange rate change on revenue is partially offset by a change in expense driven by the Company’s considerable non-dollar expense base related to its operations outside the United States.

Nonoperating income (expense) includes the effect of changes in the valuations on investments (excluding available-for-sale investments) and earnings on equity method investments as well as interest and dividend income and interest expense. Other comprehensive income includes changes in valuations related to available-for-sale investments. BlackRock primarily holds seed and co-investments in sponsored investment products that invest in a variety of asset classes, including private equity, hedge funds and real estate. Investments generally are made for co-investment purposes, to establish a performance track record, to hedge exposure to certain deferred compensation plans or for regulatory purposes, including Federal Reserve Bank stock. BlackRock does not engage in proprietary trading activities that could conflict with the interests of its clients.

In addition, nonoperating income (expense) includes the impact of changes in the valuations of consolidated sponsored investment funds and consolidated collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”). The portion of nonoperating income (expense) not attributable to BlackRock is allocated to NCI on the consolidated statements of income.

 

 

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Revenue

The following table presents the Company’s revenue for 2014, 2013 and 2012.

 

(in millions) 2014   2013   2012  

Investment advisory, administration fees and securities lending revenue:

Equity:

Active

$ 1,844    $ 1,741    $ 1,753   

iShares

  2,705      2,390      1,941   

Non-ETF index

  677      594      552   

Equity subtotal

  5,226      4,725      4,246   

Fixed income:

Active

  1,396      1,269      1,182   

iShares

  484      464      441   

Non-ETF index

  260      238      229   

Fixed income subtotal

  2,140      1,971      1,852   

Multi-asset

  1,204      1,039      957   

Alternatives:

Core

  638      576      525   

Currency and commodities

  89      107      131   

Alternatives subtotal

  727      683      656   

Long-term

  9,297      8,418      7,711   

Cash management

  292      321      361   

Total base fees

  9,589      8,739      8,072   

Investment advisory performance fees:

Equity

  111      91      88   

Fixed income

  31      25      48   

Multi-asset

  32      24      15   

Alternatives

  376      421      312   

Total

  550      561      463   

BlackRock Solutions and advisory

  635      577      518   

Distribution fees

  70      73      71   

Other revenue

  237      230      213   

Total revenue

$  11,081    $  10,180    $  9,337   

The table below lists the asset type mix of investment advisory, administration fees and securities lending revenue (collectively “base fees”) and mix of average AUM by asset class:

 

  Mix of Base Fees      Mix of Average AUM by Asset Class(1)  
  2014   2013   2012      2014   2013   2012  

Equity:

 

Active

  18   20   22     7   7   8

iShares

  28   26   23     17   16   13

Non-ETF index

  7   7   7     30   29   26

Equity subtotal

  53   53   52     54   52   47

Fixed income:

 

Active

  15   15   15     15   16   18

iShares

  5   5   5     4   5   5

Non-ETF index

  3   3   3     10   10   13

Fixed income subtotal

  23   23   23     29   31   36

Multi-asset

  13   12   12     8   7   7

Alternatives:

 

Core

  7   7   7     2   2   2

Currency and commodities

  1   1   2     1   1   1

Alternatives subtotal

  8   8   9     3   3   3

Long-term

  97   96 %    96 %      94   93 %    93 % 

Cash management

  3   4   4     6   7   7

Total excluding Advisory AUM

  100   100 %    100 %      100   100 %    100 % 

 

(1) Average AUM is calculated as the average of the month-end spot AUM amounts for the trailing thirteen months.

 

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2014 Compared with 2013

Revenue increased $901 million, or 9%, from 2013, reflecting growth in markets, long-term net inflows and strength in BlackRock Solutions and advisory revenue.

Investment advisory, administration fees and securities lending revenue of $9,589 million for 2014 increased $850 million from $8,739 million in 2013 due to higher long-term average AUM, reflecting organic growth and market appreciation. Securities lending fees increased $30 million from 2013 to $477 million in 2014.

BlackRock Solutions and advisory revenue in 2014 totaled $635 million compared with $577 million in 2013. The current year reflected higher revenue from Aladdin mandates and higher revenue from advisory assignments. BlackRock Solutions and advisory revenue included $474 million in Aladdin business revenue compared with $433 million in 2013.

2013 Compared with 2012

Revenue increased $843 million, or 9%, from 2012, reflecting growth in markets, long-term net inflows and strength in performance fees and BlackRock Solutions and advisory revenue.

Investment advisory, administration fees and securities lending revenue of $8,739 million for 2013 increased $667 million from $8,072 million in 2012 due to growth in long-term average AUM. Securities lending fees decreased $63 million from 2012 to $447 million in 2013 driven by lower spreads consistent with industry trends, partially offset by an increase in average balances of securities on loan.

Investment advisory performance fees were $561 million in 2013 compared with $463 million in 2012, primarily reflecting higher fees from alternative products, including fund of funds and single-strategy hedge funds. Both years reflected significant fees from the liquidation of opportunistic funds.

BlackRock Solutions and advisory revenue in 2013 totaled $577 million compared with $518 million in 2012. The amount for 2013 reflected a $49 million increase in Aladdin business revenue to $433 million and higher advisory assignments revenue.

Other revenue increased $17 million, largely reflecting higher transition management service fees and higher earnings from certain strategic investments.

 

 

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Expense

The following table presents the Company’s expenses for 2014, 2013 and 2012.

 

(in millions) 2014   2013   2012  

Expense, GAAP:

Employee compensation and benefits

$ 3,829    $ 3,560    $ 3,287   

Distribution and servicing costs

  364      353      364   

Amortization of deferred sales commissions

  56      52      55   

Direct fund expense

  748      657      591   

General and administration:

Marketing and promotional

  413      409      384   

Occupancy and office related

  267      277      248   

Portfolio services

  215      203      196   

Technology

  164      160      150   

Professional services

  126      128      114   

Communications

  39      37      39   

Regulatory, filing and license fees

  36      31      17   

Closed-end fund launch costs

  10      16      22   

Charitable Contribution

       124        

Reduction of indemnification asset

  50             

Other general and administration

  133      155      189   

Total general and administration expense

  1,453      1,540      1,359   

Amortization of intangible assets

  157      161      157   

Total expense, GAAP

$ 6,607    $ 6,323    $ 5,813   

Less non-GAAP expense adjustments:

Employee compensation and benefits:

PNC LTIP funding obligation

  32      33      22   

Compensation expense related to appreciation (depreciation) on deferred compensation plans

  7      10      6   

Subtotal

  39      43      28   

General and administration:

Reduction of indemnification asset

  50             

Charitable Contribution

       124        

U.K. lease exit costs

            (8

Contribution to STIFs

            30   

Subtotal

  50      124      22   

Total non-GAAP expense adjustments

  89      167      50   

Expense, as adjusted:

Employee compensation and benefits

  3,790      3,517      3,259   

Distribution and servicing costs

  364      353      364   

Amortization of deferred sales commissions

  56      52      55   

Direct fund expense

  748      657      591   

General and administration

  1,403      1,416      1,337   

Amortization of intangible assets

  157      161      157   

Total expense, as adjusted

$  6,518    $  6,156    $  5,763   

 

2014 Compared with 2013

GAAP. Expense increased $284 million, or 4%, from 2013, primarily reflecting higher revenue-related expenses, including compensation and direct fund expense and a $50 million reduction of an indemnification asset. Expense for 2013 included the $124 million expense related to the Charitable Contribution.

Employee compensation and benefits expense increased $269 million, or 8%, to $3,829 million in 2014 from $3,560 million in 2013, reflecting higher headcount and higher incentive compensation driven by higher operating income. Employees at December 31, 2014 totaled approximately 12,200 compared with approximately 11,400 at December 31, 2013.

Distribution and servicing costs totaled $364 million in 2014 compared with $353 million in 2013. These costs included payments to Bank of America/Merrill Lynch under a global distribution agreement and payments to PNC, as well as other third parties, primarily associated with the distribution and servicing of client investments in certain BlackRock products. Distribution and servicing costs for 2014 and 2013 included $183 million and $184 million, respectively, attributable to Bank of America/Merrill Lynch.

Direct fund expense increased $91 million, reflecting higher average AUM, primarily related to iShares, where BlackRock pays certain nonadvisory expense of the funds.

General and administration expense decreased $87 million, primarily due to the $124 million related to the Charitable

 

 

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Contribution incurred in 2013 and foreign currency remeasurement, partially offset by the $50 million reduction of an indemnification asset.

As Adjusted. Expense, as adjusted, increased $362 million, or 6%, to $6,518 million in 2014 from $6,156 million in 2013. The increase in total expense, as adjusted, is primarily attributable to higher employee compensation and benefits and direct fund expense. Amounts related to the reduction of the indemnification asset and the Charitable Contribution have been excluded from as adjusted results.

2013 Compared with 2012

GAAP. Expense increased $510 million, or 9%, from 2012, primarily reflecting higher revenue-related expense and the $124 million expense related to the Charitable Contribution.

Employee compensation and benefits expense increased $273 million, or 8%, to $3,560 million in 2013 from $3,287 million in 2012, reflecting higher headcount and higher incentive compensation driven by higher operating income, including higher performance fees. Employees at December 31, 2013 totaled approximately 11,400 compared with approximately 10,500 at December 31, 2012.

Distribution and servicing costs totaled $353 million in 2013 compared with $364 million in 2012. These costs included payments to Bank of America/Merrill Lynch under a global distribution agreement and payments to PNC, as well as other third parties, primarily associated with the distribution and servicing of client investments in certain BlackRock products. Distribution and servicing costs for 2013 and 2012 included $184 million and $195 million, respectively, attributable to Bank of America/Merrill Lynch.

Direct fund expense increased $66 million, reflecting higher average AUM, primarily related to iShares, where BlackRock pays certain nonadvisory expense of the funds.

General and administration expense increased $181 million, largely driven by the $124 million expense related to the Charitable Contribution, higher marketing and promotional costs and various lease exit costs. The full year 2012 included a one-time $30 million contribution to STIFs.

As Adjusted. Expense, as adjusted, increased $393 million, or 7%, to $6,156 million in 2013 from $5,763 million in 2012. The increase in total expense, as adjusted, is primarily attributable to higher employee compensation and benefits, direct fund expense and general and administration expense.

NONOPERATING RESULTS

Nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI for 2014, 2013 and 2012 was as follows:

 

(in millions) 2014   2013   2012  

Nonoperating income (expense), GAAP basis

$  (79 $  116    $  (54)   

Less: Net income (loss) attributable to NCI(1)

  (30   19      (18

Nonoperating income (expense)(2)

  (49   97      (36

Gain related to the Charitable Contribution

       (80     

Compensation expense related to (appreciation) depreciation on deferred compensation plans

  (7   (10   (6

Nonoperating income (expense), as adjusted(2)

$ (56 $ 7    $ (42

 

(1) Amounts included losses of $41 million and $38 million attributable to consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for 2014 and 2012, respectively. During 2013, the Company did not record any nonoperating income (loss) or net income (loss) attributable to VIEs on the consolidated statements of income.

 

(2) Net of net income (loss) attributable to NCI.
 

 

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The components of nonoperating income (expense), less net income (loss) attributable to NCI for 2014, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:

 

(in millions) 2014   2013   2012  

Net gain (loss) on investments(1)

Private equity

$ 69    $ 52    $ 36   

Real estate

  16      24      14   

Distressed credit/mortgage funds/opportunistic funds

  34      40      69   

Hedge funds/funds of hedge funds

  21      25      20   

Other investments(2)

  7      16      (2

Subtotal

  147      157      137   

Gain related to the PennyMac IPO

       39        

Gain related to the Charitable Contribution

       80        

Investments related to deferred compensation plans

  7      10      6   

Total net gain (loss) on investments

  154      286      143   

Interest and dividend income

  29      22      36   

Interest expense

  (232   (211   (215

Net interest expense

  (203   (189   (179

Total nonoperating income (expense)(1)

  (49   97      (36

Gain related to the Charitable Contribution

       (80     

Compensation expense related to (appreciation) depreciation on deferred compensation plans

  (7   (10   (6

Nonoperating income (expense), as adjusted(1)

$ (56 $ 7    $ (42

 

(1) Net of net income (loss) attributable to NCI.

 

(2) Amount included net gains (losses) related to equity and fixed income investments, and BlackRock’s seed capital hedging program.

 

2014 Compared with 2013

Net gains on investments of $154 million in 2014 decreased $132 million from 2013. Net gains on investments in 2013 included the noncash, nonoperating pre-tax gain of $80 million related to the Charitable Contribution and the $39 million pre-tax gain related to the PennyMac IPO. Net gains on investments in 2014 included the positive impact of the monetization of a nonstrategic, opportunistic private equity investment.

Net interest expense increased $14 million from 2013 primarily due to higher interest expense resulting from a long-term debt issuance in March 2014.

 

2013 Compared with 2012

Net gains on investments of $286 million in 2013 increased $143 million from 2012 due to the $39 million pre-tax gain related to the PennyMac IPO and the $80 million pre-tax gain related to the Charitable Contribution and higher net positive marks.

Net interest expense increased $10 million from 2012 primarily due to lower dividend income.

For further information on the Company’s long-term debt, see Liquidity and Capital Resources herein.

 

 

Income Tax Expense

 

  GAAP   As adjusted  
(in millions) 2014   2013   2012   2014   2013   2012  

Income before income taxes(1)

$  4,425    $  3,954    $  3,488    $  4,507    $  4,031    $  3,532   

Income tax expense

$ 1,131    $ 1,022    $ 1,030    $ 1,197    $ 1,149    $ 1,094   

Effective tax rate

  25.6   25.8   29.5   26.6   28.5   31.0

 

(1) Net of net income (loss) attributable to NCI.

 

The Company’s tax rate is affected by tax rates in foreign jurisdictions and the relative amount of income earned in those jurisdictions, which the Company expects to be fairly consistent in the near term. The significant foreign jurisdictions, which have lower statutory tax rates than the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35%, include the United Kingdom, Luxembourg, Canada and the Netherlands. U.S. income taxes were not provided for certain undistributed foreign earnings intended to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States.

2014. The GAAP effective tax rate of 25.6% for 2014 reflected the revaluation of deferred income tax liabilities related to intangible assets and goodwill. Income tax expense for 2014 included a $9 million net noncash benefit arising primarily from state and local income tax changes, which has been excluded from as adjusted results as it will not have a cash flow impact and to ensure comparability among periods presented.

 

 

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In addition, 2014 included a $94 million tax benefit, primarily due to the resolution of certain outstanding tax matters related to the acquisition of BGI. In connection with the acquisition, BlackRock recorded a $50 million indemnification asset for unrecognized tax benefits. Due to the resolution of such tax matters in 2014, BlackRock recorded $50 million of general and administration expense to reflect the reduction of the indemnification asset and an offsetting $50 million tax benefit. The $50 million general and administrative expense and $50 million tax benefit have been excluded from as adjusted results as there is no impact on BlackRock’s book value.

The current year also included a $73 million net tax benefit related to several favorable nonrecurring items.

The as adjusted effective tax rate of 26.6% for 2014 included the tax benefit of approximately $73 million related to certain favorable nonrecurring items and excluded the $9 million net noncash benefit and $50 million tax benefit mentioned above.

2013. The GAAP effective tax rate of 25.8% for 2013 reflected a $69 million net noncash benefit primarily related to the revaluation of certain deferred income tax liabilities related to intangible assets and goodwill, including the effect of legislation enacted in the United Kingdom and domestic state and local income tax changes. In addition, 2013 included a tax benefit of approximately $48 million recognized in connection with the Charitable Contribution and a tax benefit of approximately $29 million, primarily due to the realization of tax loss carryforwards, and benefits from certain nonrecurring items.

The as adjusted effective tax rate of 28.5% for 2013 reflected a tax benefit of approximately $29 million, primarily due to the realization of tax loss carryforwards, and benefits from certain nonrecurring items and excluded the $69 million net noncash benefit and the $48 million tax benefit related to the Charitable Contribution mentioned above.

2012. The GAAP effective tax rate of 29.5% for 2012 reflected a $21 million benefit related to the resolution of certain outstanding tax positions and a $50 million net noncash benefit related to the revaluation of certain deferred income tax liabilities, including the effect of tax legislation enacted in the United Kingdom and the state and local income tax effect resulting from changes in the Company’s organizational structure.

The as adjusted effective tax rate of 31.0% for 2012 excluded the $50 million net noncash tax benefit mentioned above.

BALANCE SHEET OVERVIEW

As Adjusted Balance Sheet

The following table presents a reconciliation of the consolidated statement of financial condition presented on a GAAP basis to the consolidated statement of financial condition, excluding the impact of separate account assets and separate account collateral held under securities lending agreements (directly related to lending separate account securities) and separate account liabilities and separate account collateral liabilities under securities lending agreements, consolidated VIEs and consolidated sponsored investment funds.

The Company presents the as adjusted balance sheet as additional information to enable investors to exclude certain assets that have equal and offsetting liabilities or noncontrolling interests that ultimately do not have an impact on stockholders’ equity (excluding appropriated retained earnings related to consolidated collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)) or cash flows. Management views the as adjusted balance sheet, a non-GAAP financial measure, as an economic presentation of the Company’s total assets and liabilities; however, it does not advocate that investors consider such non-GAAP financial measures in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Separate Account Assets and Liabilities and Separate Account Collateral Held under Securities Lending Agreements

Separate account assets are maintained by BlackRock Life Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, which is a registered life insurance company in the United Kingdom, and represent segregated assets held for purposes of funding individual and group pension contracts. The Company records equal and offsetting separate account liabilities. The separate account assets are not available to creditors of the Company and the holders of the pension contracts have no recourse to the Company’s assets. The net investment income attributable to separate account assets accrues directly to the contract owners and is not reported on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. While BlackRock has no economic interest in these assets or liabilities, BlackRock earns an investment advisory fee for the service of managing these assets on behalf of the clients.

In addition, the Company records on its consolidated statements of financial condition the separate account collateral received under BlackRock Life Limited securities lending arrangements as its own asset in addition to an equal and offsetting separate account collateral liability for the obligation to return the collateral. The collateral is not available to creditors of the Company, and the borrowers under the securities lending arrangements have no recourse to the Company’s assets.

Consolidated VIEs

At December 31, 2014, BlackRock’s consolidated VIEs included multiple CLOs and one private investment fund. The assets of these VIEs are not available to creditors of the Company and the Company has no obligation to settle the liabilities of the VIEs. While BlackRock has no material economic interest in these assets or liabilities, BlackRock earns an investment advisory fee, as well as a potential performance fee, for the service of managing these assets on behalf of clients.

Consolidated Sponsored Investment Funds

The Company consolidates certain sponsored investment funds primarily because it is deemed to control such funds. The Company may not be readily able to access cash and cash equivalents held by consolidated sponsored investment funds to use in its operating activities. In addition, the Company may not be readily able to sell investments held by consolidated sponsored investment funds in order to obtain cash for use in the Company’s operations.

 

 

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  December 31, 2014  
     

Segregated client assets

generating advisory fees in

which BlackRock has no

economic interest or liability

     
(in millions) GAAP
Basis
 

Separate

Account

Assets/

Collateral

 

Consolidated

VIEs

 

Consolidated

Sponsored

Investment

Funds

  As
Adjusted
 

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

$ 5,723    $    $    $ 120    $ 5,603   

Accounts receivable

  2,120                     2,120   

Investments

  1,921                17      1,904   

Assets of consolidated VIEs

  3,630           3,630             

Separate account assets and collateral held under securities lending agreements

  194,941      194,941                  

Other assets(1)

  1,168                20      1,148   

Subtotal

  209,503      194,941      3,630      157      10,775   

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

  30,305                     30,305   

Total assets

$ 239,808    $ 194,941    $ 3,630    $ 157    $ 41,080   

Liabilities

Accrued compensation and benefits

$ 1,865    $    $    $    $ 1,865   

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

  1,035                     1,035   

Liabilities of consolidated VIEs

  3,634           3,634             

Borrowings

  4,938                     4,938   

Separate account liabilities and collateral liabilities under securities lending agreements

  194,941      194,941                  

Deferred income tax liabilities

  4,989                     4,989   

Other liabilities

  886                18      868   

Total liabilities

  212,288      194,941      3,634      18      13,695   

Equity

Total stockholders’ equity(2)

  27,366           (19        27,385   

Noncontrolling interests

  154           15      139        

Total equity

  27,520           (4   139      27,385   

Total liabilities and equity

$  239,808    $  194,941    $