UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM-;20F
(Mark One)
___
Registration Statement pursuant to Section 12(b) or (g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Or
ü
Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended May 31, 2008
Or
____
Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________________ to ____________________
Or
____
Shell Company Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934
Date of event requiring this Shell Company Report ____________________
Commission File Number 1-33638
INTERNATIONAL TOWER HILL MINES LTD.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
British Columbia, Canada
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
#1920 -; 1188 West Georgia Street
Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 4A2
(Address of principal executive offices)
Lawrence W. Talbot, (604) 683-6332, lawrence.talbot@internationaltowerhill.com
#1920 -; 1188 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6E 4A2
(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12 (b) of the Act:
Name of Each Exchange
Title of Each Class
on Which Registered
Common shares, no par value
NYSE Alternext U.S.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to section 15(d) of the Act: None
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the Company’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
Title of Each Class
Outstanding at May 31, 2008
Common Shares, no par value
39,943,892
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes
No ü
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes
No ü
Note - Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes
No ü
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of ";accelerated filer"; and ";large accelerated filer"; in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):
Large accelerated filer
Accelerated Filer
Non-accelerated filer ü
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the Registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP | International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board | Other | ü |
If ";Other"; has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the Registrant has elected to follow:
Item 17 ü
Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes
No ü
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEFINITIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
PART I
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
3.A
Selected Financial Data
3.B
Capitalization and Indebtedness
3.C
Reason for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
3.D
Risk Factors
4.A
History and Development of the Company
4.B
Business Overview
4.C
Organizational Structure
4.D
Property, Plant and Equipment
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
5.A
Operating Results
5.B
Liquidity and Capital Resources
5.C
Research and Development, Patents and Licences, etc.
5.D
Trend Information
5.E
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
5.F
Contractual Obligations
5.G
Safe Harbour
DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
6.A
Directors and Senior Management
6.B
Executive Compensation
6.C
Board Practices
6.D
Employees
6.E
Share Ownership
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
7.A
Major Shareholders
7.B
Related Party Transactions
7.C
Interests of Experts and Counsel
8.A
Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
8.B
Significant Changes
9.A
Offer and Listing Details
9.B
Plan of Distribution
9.C
Markets
9.D
Selling Shareholder
9.E
Dilution
9.F
Expenses of the Issuer
10.A
Share Capital
10.B
Memorandum and Articles of Association
10.C
Material Contracts
10.D
Exchange Controls
10.E
Taxation
10.F
Dividends and Paying Agents
10.G
Statement by Experts
10.H
Documents on Display
10.I
Subsidiary Information
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
PART II
DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
14.A-D
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders
14.E
Use of Proceeds
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT
COMMITTEES
PURCHASERS OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
PART III
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements and information, within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the ";Exchange Act";), relating to the Company that are based on the beliefs and estimates of management as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to the Company. Information concerning mineral resource estimates also may be deemed to be forward-looking statements in that it reflects a prediction of the mineralization that would be encountered if a mineral deposit were developed and mined. When used in this document, any statements that express or involve discussions with respect to predictions, beliefs, plans, projections, objectives, assumptions or future events of performance (often but not always using words or phrases such as ";anticipate";, ";believe";, ";estimate";, ";expect";, ";intend";, ";plan";, ";strategy";, ";goals";, ";objectives";, ";project";, ";potential"; or variations thereof) or stating that certain actions, events, or results ";may";, ";could";, ";would";, ";might"; or ";will"; be taken, occur, or be achieved, or the negative of any of these terms and similar expressions, as they relate to the Company or management, are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
Such statements reflect the Company’s current views with respect to future events and are subject to certain known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Many factors could cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, among others:
- risks relating to the Company’s ability to finance the exploration and development of its mineral properties;
- permitting risks relating to the Company’s exploration and development of its mineral properties and business activities;
- risks and uncertainties relating to the interpretation of exploration results, geology, grade and continuity of the Company’s mineral deposits;
- commodity price fluctuations (particularly gold and silver commodities);
- currency fluctuations;
- risks related to governmental regulations, including environmental regulations;
- risks related to possible reclamation activities on the Company’s properties;
- the Company’s ability to attract and retain qualified management and the Company’s dependence upon such management in the development of its mineral properties;
- increased competition in the exploration industry;
- the Company’s lack of infrastructure;
- the Company’s history of losses and expectation of future losses.
Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein. This list is not exhaustive of the factors that may affect any of the Company’s forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are statements about the future and are inherently uncertain, and actual achievements of the Company or other future events or conditions may differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties and other factors, including without limitation, those referred to in this document, under the heading ";Risk Factors"; and elsewhere. The Company’s forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, expectations and opinions of management on the date the statements are made, and the Company does not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements if circumstances or management’s beliefs, expectations or opinions should change. For the reasons set forth above, investors should not attribute undue certainty to or place undue reliance on forward-looking statements.
Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Reserve and Resource Estimates
The terms ";mineral reserve";, ";proven mineral reserve"; and ";probable mineral reserve"; are Canadian mining terms as defined in accordance with Canadian National Instrument 43-101 -; Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (";NI 43-101";) and the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum’ (the ";CIM";) - CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, adopted by the CIM Council, as amended. These definitions differ from the definitions in the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the ";SEC";) Industry Guide 7 (";SEC Industry Guide 7";) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the ";Securities Act";). Under SEC Industry Guide 7 standards, a ";final"; or ";bankable"; feasibility study is required to report reserves, the three-year historical average price is used in any reserve or cash flow analysis to designate reserves and the primary environmental analysis or report must be filed with the appropriate governmental authority. Under SEC Industry Guide 7 standards, mineralization may not be classified as a ";reserve"; unless the determination has been made that the mineralization could be economically and legally produced or extracted at the time the reserve determination is made.
In addition, the terms ";mineral resource";, ";measured mineral resource";, ";indicated mineral resource"; and ";inferred mineral resource"; are defined in and required to be disclosed by NI 43-101; however, these terms are not defined terms under SEC Industry Guide 7 and are normally not permitted to be used in reports and registration statements filed with the SEC. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into reserves or that they can be mined economically or legally. ";Inferred mineral resources"; have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all, or any part, of an inferred mineral resource will ever be upgraded to a higher category. Under Canadian rules, estimates of inferred mineral resources may not form the basis of feasibility or pre-feasibility studies, except in rare cases. Investors are cautioned not to assume that all or any part of an inferred mineral resource exists or that it can be economically or legally mined. Disclosure of ";contained ounces"; in a resource is permitted disclosure under Canadian regulations; however, the SEC normally only permits issuers to report mineralization that does not constitute ";reserves"; by SEC standards as in place tonnage and grade without reference to unit measures.
Accordingly, information contained in this Annual Report contain descriptions of the Company’s mineral deposits that may not be comparable to similar information made public by U.S. companies subject to the reporting and disclosure requirements under the United States federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder.
DEFINITIONS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
The following is a glossary of certain terms used in this Annual Report:
";adit"; | A passage driven horizontally into a mountainside providing access to a mineral deposit from the surface of the working of a mine | |
";adularia"; | A moderate to low temperature mineral of the alkali feldspar group | |
";Ag"; | Silver | |
";alteration"; | Changes in the chemical or mineralogical composition of a rock, generally produced by weathering or hydrothermal solutions | |
";andesites"; | A dark-coloured fine-grained extrusive rock that, when porphyritic, contains phenocrysts composed mainly of zoned sodic plagioclase (especially andesine) and one or more of the mafic minerals with a groundmass composed primarily of the same minerals as the phenocrysts, the extrusive equivalent of diorite | |
";Annual Report"; | This Annual Report of the Company on Form 20-F | |
";anomalous"; | Departing from the expected or normal | |
";anomaly"; | A geological feature, especially in the subsurface, distinguished by geological, geophysical or geochemical means, which is different from the general surroundings and is often of potential economic value | |
";anticline"; | A fold, generally convex upward, whose core contains the stratigraphically older rocks | |
";anticlinal"; | Of, or pertaining to, an anticline | |
";apophysis"; | A branch or offshoot of a larger intrusive body (Pl: apophyses) | |
";argillic"; | Pertaining to clay or clay minerals, for example, ";argillic alteration";, in which certain minerals are converted to minerals of the clay group | |
";As"; | Arsenic | |
";Au"; | Gold | |
";basalt"; | A dark coloured igneous rock, commonly extrusive -; the fine grained equivalent of gabbro | |
";batholith"; | A large, generally discordant plutonic mass that has more than 100 square kilometres of surface exposure and no known floor | |
";Board"; | The board of directors of the Company | |
";breccia"; | Angular broken rock fragments held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix | |
";BCBCA"; | Business Corporations Act (British Columbia), the Company’s governing statute | |
";chip sample"; | A series of small pieces of ore or rock taken at regular intervals across a vein or exposure | |
";clast"; | An individual constituent, grain or fragment of a detrital sediment or sedimentary rock produced by the physical disintegration of a larger rock mass | |
";clastic"; | Pertaining to a rock or sediment composed principally of fragments derived from pre-existing rocks or minerals and transported some distance from their places of origin; also said of the texture of such a rock | |
";cm"; | Centimetres | |
";chalcedony"; | A cryptocrystalline variety of quartz | |
";Common Shares"; | The common shares without par value in the capital stock of the Company as the same are constituted on the date hereof | |
";conglomerate"; | A coarse grained clastic sedimentary rock, composed of rounded to sub-angular fragments larger than 2mm in diameter set in a fine-grained matrix of sand or silt, and commonly cemented by calcium carbonate, iron oxide, silica or hardened clay | |
";contact"; | The surface between two types or ages of rock; also, said of a mineral deposit that occurs at the contact of two unlike rock types | |
";Cu"; | Copper | |
";cutoff grade"; | The lowest grade of mineralized material that qualifies as ore in a given deposit, that is, material of the lowest assay value that is included in a resource/reserve estimate | |
";dacite"; | A fine-grained extrusive rock with the same general composition as andesite but having a less calcitic plagioclase and more quartz | |
";deformation"; | A general term for the processes of folding, faulting, shearing, compression, or extension of rocks as a result of various earth forces | |
";deposit"; | A mineralized body which has been physically delineated by sufficient drilling, trenching, and/or underground work, and found to contain a sufficient average grade of metal or metals to warrant further exploration and/or development expenditures. Such a deposit does not qualify as a commercially mineable ore body or as containing reserves or ore, unless final legal, technical and economic factors are resolved | |
";diamond drill"; | A type of rotary drill in which the cutting is done by abrasion rather than percussion. The cutting bit is set with diamonds and is attached to the end of the long hollow rods through which water is pumped to the cutting face. The drill cuts a core of rock which is recovered in long cylindrical sections, an inch or more in diameter | |
";dip"; | The angle that a stratum or any planar feature makes with the horizontal, measured perpendicular to the strike and in the vertical plane | |
";dike"; | A tabular body of igneous rock that cuts across the structure of adjacent rocks or cuts massive rocks | |
";diorite"; | A group of plutonic rocks intermediate in composition between acidic and basic, characteristically composed of hornblende, oligoclase or andesine, pyroxene, and sometimes a little quartz. Diorite grades into monzonite with an increase ion the alkali feldspar content | |
";Director"; | A member of the Board of Directors of the Company | |
";disseminated"; | Fine particles of mineral dispersed throughout the enclosing rock | |
";distal"; | Said of an ore deposit formed at a considerable distance (e.g. tens of kilometres) from the volcanic source from which its constituents have been derived | |
";dolomite"; | A common rock-forming mineral (CaMg(CO3)2), white to light-coloured, which has perfect rhombohedral cleavage; also, a rock containing more than 50% by weight of dolomite -; specifically, a rock containing more than 90% mineral dolomite and less than 10% calcite. Most dolomite is associated with and often interbedded with limestone | |
";dome"; | An uplift or anticlinal structure, circular or elliptical in outline, in which the rocks dip gently away in all directions. It may be small or many kilometres across | |
";drift"; | A horizontal tunnel driven along or parallel to the strike of the orebody, for the extraction or exploration of minerals | |
";embayment"; | The penetration of a crystal by another, especially of phenocrysts by microcrystalline groundmass material; also, the corrosion of a crystal or foreign inclusion by the magma in which it occurs | |
";epigenetic"; | Said of a mineral deposit of origin later than that of the enclosing rocks | |
";epithermal"; | Said of a hydrothermal mineral deposit formed within about 1 kilometre of the earth’s surface and in the temperature range of 50-200° C, occurring mainly as veins | |
";exsolved"; | Said of a substance that has undergone ";exsolution";, being the process of the separation of an initially homogenous solution into at least two different crystalline minerals without the addition or removal of any materials -; usually occurs upon cooling | |
";felsic"; | An igneous rock having abundant light coloured minerals, also, applied to those minerals (quartz, feldspars, feldspathoids, muscovite) as a group | |
";fold"; | A bend in the bedding, foliation, cleavage or other planar features in rocks. A fold is usually the product of a deformation, but the definition does not specify the manner of origin | |
";footwall"; | The mass of rock beneath a fault, orebody or mine working; especially the wall rock beneath an inclined vein or fault | |
";g/t"; | Grams per metric tonne | |
";gabbro"; | A group of dark coloured, basic intrusive igneous rocks -; the approximate intrusive equivalent of basalt | |
";gneiss"; | A foliated rock formed by regional metamorphism, in which bands or lenticles of granular materials alternate with bands or lenticles of minerals with flaky or elongate prismatic habit -; mineral composition is not an essential factor in its definition | |
";grab sample"; | A sample composed of one or more pieces of rock, collected from a mineralized zone that, when analyzed, do not represent a particular width of mineralization nor necessarily the true mineral concentration of any larger portion of a mineralized zone | |
";grade"; | To contain a particular quantity of ore or mineral, relative to other constituents, in a specified quantity of rock | |
";groundmass"; | The material between the phenocrysts in a porphyritic igneous rock (Syn.: matrix) | |
";hanging wall"; | The overlying side of an orebody, fault or mine working,; especially the wall rock above an inclined vein or fault | |
";hinge"; | The locus of maximum curvature or bending in a folded surface, usually a line | |
";host"; | A rock or mineral that is older than rocks or minerals introduced into it or formed within it | |
";host rock"; | A body of rock serving as a host for other rocks or for mineral deposits, or any rock in which ore deposits occur | |
";hydrothermal"; | A term pertaining to hot aqueous solutions of magmatic origin which may transport metals and minerals in solution | |
";intrusion"; | The process of the emplacement of magma in pre-existing rock, magmatic activity. Also, the igneous rock mass so formed | |
";intrusive"; | Of or pertaining to intrusion, both the process and the rock so formed | |
";kaolinite"; | A common clay mineral of the kaolin group. It is a high alumina clay mineral that does not appreciably expand under varying water content (formerly known as ";kaolin";) | |
";km"; | Kilometres | |
";lithology"; | The description of rocks, especially in a hand specimen or outcrop, on the basis of such characteristics as colour, mineralogic composition, and grain size; also, the physical character of a rock (adj: ";lithologic";) | |
";m"; | Metres | |
";mm"; | Millimetres | |
";mafic"; | Said of an igneous rock composed chiefly of dark, ferromagnesian minerals, also, said of those minerals | |
";magma"; | Naturally occurring molten rock material, generated within the earth and capable of intrusion and extrusion, from which igneous rocks have been derived through solidification and related processes | |
";magmatic"; | Of, or pertaining to, or derived from, magma | |
";massive"; | Said of a mineral deposit, especially of sulphides, characterized by a great concentration of ore in one place, as opposed to a disseminated or veinlike deposit | |
";mesothermal"; | Said of a hydrothermal mineral deposit formed at considerable depth and in the temperature range of 200 - 300° Centigrade, also, said of that environment | |
";metallogeny"; | The study of the genesis of mineral deposits, with emphasis on their relationship in space and time to regional petrographic and tectonic features of the earth’s crust | |
";mineral reserve"; | The economically mineable part of a measured or indicated mineral resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A mineral reserve includes diluting materials and allowances for losses that may occur when the material is mined and processed | |
";mineral resource"; | A concentration or occurrence of natural, solid, inorganic or fossilized organic material in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reasonable prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a mineral resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. The term ";mineral resource"; covers mineralization and natural material of intrinsic economic interest which has been identified and estimated through exploration and sampling and within which mineral reserves may subsequently be defined by the consideration and application of technical, economic, legal, environmental, socio-economic and governmental factors. The phrase ";reasonable prospects for economic extraction"; implies a judgement by a qualified person (as that term is defined in NI 43-101) in respect of the technical and economic factors likely to influence the prospect of economic extraction. A mineral resource is an inventory of mineralization that, under realistically assumed and justifiable technical and economic conditions, might become economically extractable | |
";mineralization"; | The concentration of metals and their chemical compounds within a body of rock | |
";National Instrument 43-101";/ ";NI 43-101"; | National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Administrators entitled ";Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects"; | |
";NSR"; | Net smelter return, a form of royalty | |
";opal"; | A mineral or mineral gel (SiO2nH2O), consisting of packed spheres of silica, with a usual water content of between 3 and 9%. It is deposited at low temperatures and is found in a wide variety of rocks and forms | |
";opaline"; | Opal-like, opalescent, iridescent | |
";ophiolite"; | An assemblage of mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks ranging from spilite and basalt to gabbro and peridotite, and always derived from them by later metamorphism, whose origin is associated with an early phase of the development of a geosyncline | |
";orogeny"; | The process of natural mountain building, which may be studied as a tectonic structural event, as a geographical event and a chronological event, in that orogenic events cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, affect certain regions of rocks and crust and happen within a time frame | |
";outcrop"; | That portion of a geologic formation or structure that appears at the surface of the earth; also, bedrock that is covered by surficial deposits such as alluvium | |
";phase"; | A homogenous, physically distinct subdivided portion of matter; also, an interval in the development of a process, especially in the igneous activity of a region, for example, ";volcanic phase"; | |
";phenocryst"; | One of the relatively large and ordinarily conspicuous crystals of the earliest generation of a porphyritic igneous rock | |
";phyllite"; | A metamorphosed rock, intermediate in grade between slate and mica schist. Minute crystals of sericite and chlorite impart a silky sheen to the cleavage surfaces, which are commonly wrinkled | |
";potassic"; | Said of a rock or mineral containing a significant amount of potassium, hence ";potassic alteration"; is the process of altering an existing rock by the introduction of potassium | |
";pyrrhotite"; | A common red-brown to bronze pseudohexagonal mineral. The mineral is darker and softer than pyrite, and is usually found massive | |
";plagioclase"; | A group of triclinic feldspars, among the commonest rock-forming minerals | |
";plunge"; | The inclination of a fold axis or other linear feature, measured in the vertical plane | |
";polymetallic"; | Said of a deposit having more than one metal as a constituent element, for example, gold-silver-copper or silver-lead-zinc | |
";porphyry"; | An igneous rock of any composition that contains conspicuous phenocrysts in a fine-grained groundmass; a porphyritic igneous rock | |
";PPB"; or ";ppb"; | Parts per billion | |
";PPM or ";ppm"; | Parts per million | |
";pyrite"; | A common yellow isometric mineral -; FeS2 -; often containing small amounts of other metals. Pyrite has a brilliant metallic lustre and an absence of cleavage, and is often mistaken for gold (which is softer and heavier) -; it is the most abundant and widespread of the sulphide minerals and occurs in all types of rocks | |
";pyrites"; | Any of the various metallic-looking sulphides, of which pyrite (";iron pyrite";) is the commonest. The term is used with a qualifying term that indicates the component metal, for example, ";copper pyrite"; (chalcopyrite) | |
";pyroclastic"; | Pertaining to clastic rock material formed by volcanic explosion or aerial expulsion from a volcanic vent; also, pertaining to rock texture of explosive origin | |
";quartzite"; | A granoblastic metamorphic rock consisting mainly of quartz, formed by recrystalization of sandstone by regional or thermal metamorphism | |
";relict texture"; | In mineral deposits, an original texture that remains after total or partial replacement | |
";replacement"; | The process of practically simultaneous capilliary solution and deposition by which a new mineral may grow out in the body of an old mineral or mineral aggregate. The process of interstitial, chemically active pore liquids or gasses contained within the rock body or introduced from external sources are essential for the process, which often, though not necessarily, occurs at constant volume with little disturbance of the textural or structural features | |
";reverse circulation drilling"; | A type of drilling which does not produce a solid core (as in diamond drilling) but rather uses the circulation of bit-coolant and cuttings removal liquids, drilling fluid, mud, air or gas down the borehole outside the drill rods and upwards inside the drill rods to bring the rock chips to the surface for collection and sampling. In general, it is faster and cheaper than diamond drilling | |
";schist"; | A strongly foliated crystalline rock, formed by dynamic metamorphism, that has well developed parallelism of more than 50% of the minerals present | |
";sedimentary"; | Pertaining to or containing sediment (typically, solid fragmental material transported and deposited by wind, water or ice that forms in layers in loose unconsolidated form), or formed by its deposition | |
";shear zone"; | A tabular zone of rock that has been crushed and brecciated by many parallel fractures due to shear strain (often mineralized by ore-forming solutions) | |
";silicic"; | Said of a silica-rich igneous rock or magma | |
";silicification"; | The introduction of, or replacement by, silica (especially in the form of fine-grained quartz, chalcedony or opal) which may fill pores and replace existing minerals (adj.: silicified) | |
‘sill"; | A tabular igneous intrusion that parallels the planar structure of the surrounding rock | |
";skarn"; | A term generally reserved for rocks composed mostly of lime-bearing silicates, derived from nearly pure limestone and dolomites into which large amounts of silicon, aluminum, iron and magnesium have been introduced | |
";specular hematite"; | A black or grey variety of hematite with a splendid metallic lustre
| |
";sphalerite"; | A yellow, brown, or black isometric mineral ((Zn,Fe)S), with a highly perfect dodecahedral cleavage and a resinous to adamantine lustre. It is a widely distributed ore of zinc. Commonly associated with galena in veins and other deposits | |
";stock"; | An igneous intrusion that is less than 100 square kilometres in surface exposure, is usually but not always discordant, and resembles a batholith except in size | |
";stockwork"; | A mineral deposit consisting of a three-dimensional network of irregular veinlets closely enough spaced that the whole mass can be mined | |
";strata-bound"; | Said of a mineral deposit confined to a single stratigraphic unit. The term can refer to a stratiform deposit, to various oriented orebodies contained within the unit, or to a deposit containing veinlets and alteration zones that may or may not be strictly conformable with the bedding | |
";strike"; | The direction taken by a structural surface | |
";syncline"; | A fold of which the core contains the stratigraphically younger rocks, generally concave upward (adj: synclinal) | |
";system"; | A major chronostratigraphic unit of worldwide significance, the fundamental unit of chronostratigraphic classification, extended from a type area or region and correlated mainly by its fossil content; the rocks formed during a period of geologic time; also, a group of related features | |
";tabular"; | Said of a feature having two dimensions that are much larger or longer than the third, or of a geomorphic feature having a flat surface, such as a plateau | |
";tectonic"; | Pertaining to the forces involved in, or the resulting structures of, tectonics | |
";tectonics"; | A branch of geology dealing with the broad architecture of the outer part of the earth, that is, the major structural or deformational features and their relations, origin and historical evolution | |
";terrane"; | A term applied to a rock or group of rocks and to the area in which they outcrop | |
";thrust fault"; | A fault with a dip of 45° or less over much of its extent, on which the hanging wall appears to have moved upward relative to the footwall. Horizontal compression rather than vertical displacement is its characteristic feature | |
";thrust sheet"; | The body of rock above a large-scale thrust fault whose surface is horizontal or very gently dipping | |
";TSXV"; | TSX Venture Exchange | |
";ultramafic"; | Said of an igneous rock composed chiefly of mafic minerals | |
";vein’ | An epigenetic mineral filling of a fault or other fracture, in tabular or sheetlike form, often with the associated replacement of the host rock; also, a mineral deposit of this form and origin | |
‘volcaniclastic"; | Pertaining to a clastic rock containing volcanic material in whatever proportion, and without regard to its origin or environment | |
";zone"; | A belt or strip of earth materials, however disposed, distinguished from the surrounding parts by some particular property or content | |
Metric Equivalents
For ease of reference, the following factors for converting Imperial measurements into metric equivalents are provided:
To convert from Imperial | To metric | Multiply by | |||
Acres | Hectares | 0.404686 | |||
Feet | Metres | 0.30480 | |||
Miles | Kilometres | 1.609344 | |||
Tons | Tonnes | 0.907185 | |||
Ounces (troy)/ton | Grams/Tonne | 34.2857 | |||
1 mile = 1.609 kilometres | 2000 pounds (1 short ton) = 0.907 tonnes | ||||
PART I
ITEM 1.
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISORS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2.
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3.
3.A
Selected Financial Data
The summary consolidated financial information set forth below should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended May 31, 2008, May 31, 2007 and May 31, 2006, together with the notes thereto, which appear elsewhere in annual report. The Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended May 31, 2008, May 31, 2007 and May 31, 2006 have been audited by MacKay LLP, Chartered Accountants.
The Company’s consolidated financial information is presented in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles (";Canadian GAAP";), which are different in some respects from U.S. GAAP. Reference is made to Note 12 of the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the material differences between Canadian GAAP and U.S. GAAP - See ";Item 17 Financial Statements";.
Fiscal Years Ended May 31 | |||||
2008 $ | 2007 $ | 2006 $ | 2005 $ | 2004 $ | |
Revenue (Interest Income) | 603,094 | 248,591 | 348 | 132 | 4,519 |
Loss from operations | (3,229,342) | (7,450,306) | (127,576) | (130,755) | (248,849) |
Gain on sale of marketable securities | - | - | 9,140 | - | |
Write-down of marketable securities | - | - | - | - | |
Income (loss) for the period 1 | (2,420,090) | (8,666,021) | (127,228) | (121,483) | (244,330) |
Deficit, beginning of period | (11,334,551) | (2,668,530) | (2,541,302) | (2,419,819) | (2,175,489) |
Deficit, end of period 1 | (13,754,641) | (11,334,551) | (2,668,530) | (2,541,302) | (2,419,819) |
Income (loss) per share 1 | (0.06) | (0.32) | (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.03) |
1
Under United States GAAP, all mineral exploration and development expenditures are expensed in the year incurred in an exploration stage company until there is substantial evidence that a commercial body of ore has been located. The amounts in the table are expressed under Canadian GAAP, which allows resource exploration and development property expenditures to be deferred during this process.
The weighted average outstanding number of Common Shares used to calculate income (loss) per share for the following fiscal periods are: 39,193,360 for the year ended May 31, 2008, 27,101,104 for the year ended May 31, 2007, 9,620,402 for the year ended May 31, 2006, 9,012,183 for the year ended May 31, 2005, and 9,012,183 for the year ended May 31, 2004.
To date, the Company has not generated any cash flow from its operations to fund ongoing activities and cash commitments. The Company has financed its operations principally through the sale of its equity securities. The Company believes that it has sufficient financial resources to conduct all of the planned exploration of current mineral property interests and to fund ongoing overhead expenses for the next twelve months. In the future, the Company may need to raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities to fund further exploration activities. See ";Item 5 - Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - Liquidity and Capital Resources";. The Company may not be able to raise the necessary funds, if any, and may not be able to raise such funds at terms which are acceptable to the Company. If the Company is unable to raise adequate finances to fund the proposed activities, the Company will reassess alternatives and may be required to abandon one or more of its property interests as a result.
Balance Sheet Data:
Fiscal Year Ended May 31 | |||||
2008 $ | 2007 $ | 2006 $ | 2005 $ | 2004 $ | |
Current Assets | 11,325,201 | 22,119,247 | 20,415 | 40,788 | 192,324 |
Mineral Properties | 23,151,228 | 13,387,113 | 1,030,316 | 1,026,512 | 969,907 |
Total Assets | 34,580,976 | 35,624,780 | 1,053,231 | 1,069,800 | 1,164,731 |
Current/Total Liabilities | 724,798 | 955,363 | 6,097 | 95,438 | 68,886 |
Share Capital | 40,586,229 | 39,351,328 | 3,715,664 | 3,515,664 | 3,515,664 |
Shareholders’ Equity | 33,856,178 | 34,669,417 | 1,047,134 | 974,362 | 1,095,845 |
The above financial information is presented in accordance with Canadian GAAP, which are different in some respects from U.S. GAAP. The effect of these differences on the Company’s financial performance is summarized in the following table.
May 31 | May 31 | May 31 | May 31 | May 31 | |
2008 $ | 2007 $ | 2006 $ | 2005 $ | 2004 $ | |
Consolidated statement of | |||||
operations and deficit | |||||
Income (loss) for the year under Canadian GAAP | (2,420,090) | (8,666,021) | (127,228) | (121,483) | (244,330) |
Write off of exploration expenses | - | - | - | - | 100,795 |
Mineral property exploration and development expenditures, net | (9,736,339) | (5,233,743) | (574) | (78,844) | (25,970) |
United States GAAP | (12,156,429) | (13,899,764) | (127,802) | (200,327) | (169,505) |
Gain (loss) per share -; US GAAP | (0.31) | (0.51) | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) |
Consolidated Balance Sheet | |||||
Assets | |||||
Mineral Properties | |||||
Canadian GAAP | 23,151,227 | 13,387,113 | 1,030,316 | 1,026,512 | 969,907 |
Mineral property expenditures (cumulative) | (15,814,407) | (6,078,068) | (844,325) | (843,751) | (764,907) |
United States GAAP | 7,336,820 | 7,309,045 | 185,991 | 182,761 | 205,000 |
Deficit | |||||
Canadian GAAP | (13,754,641) | (11,334,551) | (2,668,530) | (2,541,302) | (2,419,819) |
Mineral property expenditures (cumulative) | (15,814,407) | (6,078,068) | (844,325) | (843,751) | (764,907) |
United States GAAP | (29,569,048) | (17,412,619) | (3,512,855) | (3,385,053) | (3,184,726) |
Exchange Rate Data
The Company maintains its accounts in Canadian dollars. The audited financial statements are prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. All references to the dollar herein are to the Canada dollar unless designated as the United States dollar (USD).
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, certain exchange rates based on the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in Canadian dollars as reported by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On December 1, 2008, the exchange rate was USD 1.00 per CAD 1.2370. The high and low exchange rates (CAD per USD 1.00) for each month during the previous six months were as follows:
High | Low | |
November, 2008 | 1.1502 | 1.2850 |
October 2008 | 1.0607 | 1.2942 |
September 2008 | 1.0338 | 1.0797 |
August 2008 | 1.0251 | 1.0677 |
July 2008 | 1.0015 | 1.0261 |
June 2008 | 1.0011 | 1.0282 |
The following table expresses the average exchange rate for the last five years. The average exchange rate is based on the average of the noon buying rates of exchange in New York City on the last day of each month during such periods.
For Years Ended May 31 | |||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |
Rate at end of Period | 0.9938 | 1.0699 | 1.1027 | 1.2512 | 1.3666 |
Average Rate during Period | 1.0109 | 1.1313 | 1.1738 | 1.2689 | 1.3542 |
Low | 0.9168 | 1.0699 | 1.0989 | 1.1775 | 1.2690 |
High | 1.0754 | 1.1792 | 1.2578 | 1.3970 | 1.4114 |
3.B
Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
3.C
Reason for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
3.D
Risk Factors
The Company, and thus the securities of the Company, should be considered a speculative investment and investors should carefully consider all of the information disclosed in this Annual Report prior to making an investment in the Company. In addition to the other information presented in this Annual Report, the following risk factors should be given special consideration when evaluating an investment in any of the Company's securities.
Risks Associated with Exploration
The Company has no known reserves on its properties.
The Company has no mineral producing properties and has never generated any revenue from its operations. The majority of exploration projects do not result in the discovery of commercially mineable deposits of ore. Only those mineral deposits that the Company can economically and legally extract or produce, based on a comprehensive evaluation of cost, grade, recovery and other factors, are considered ";resources"; or ";reserves."; The Company has no known bodies of commercial ore or economic deposits and has not defined or delineated any proven or probable reserves or resources on any of its properties. The Company may never discover any gold, silver or other minerals from mineralized material in commercially exploitable quantities and any identified mineralized deposit may never qualify as a commercially mineable (or viable) reserve. In addition, the Company is in its early stages of exploration and substantial additional work will be required in order to determine if any economic deposits exist on the Company’s properties. Substantial expenditures are required to establish ore reserves through drilling and metallurgical and other testing techniques. No assurance can be given that any level of recovery of the ore reserves will be realized or that any identified mineral deposit will ever qualify as a commercial mineable ore body which can be legally and economically exploited.
Even if commercial quantities of minerals are discovered on the Company’s properties, those properties might not be brought into a state of commercial production. Estimates of mineral resources are inherently imprecise and depend to some extent on statistical inferences drawn from limited drilling, which may prove unreliable. Fluctuations in the market prices of minerals may render reserves and deposits containing relatively lower grades of mineralization uneconomic. Material changes in mineralized material, grades or recovery rates may affect the economic viability of projects. Finding mineral deposits is dependent on a number of factors, not the least of which are the technical skills of exploration personnel involved. The commercial viability of a mineral deposit, once discovered, is also dependent on a number of factors, some of which are particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure and resource markets, as well as factors independent of the attributes of the deposit, such as government regulations and metal prices. Most of these factors are beyond the control of the entity conducting such mineral exploration. Moreover, short-term operating factors relating to mineral resources, such as the need for orderly development of the deposits or the processing of new or different grades, may cause mining operations, if any, to be unprofitable in any particular period.
These risks may limit or prevent the Company from making a profit from the exploration and development of its mineral properties and could negatively affect the value of the Company’s equity.
The Company faces risks related to exploration and development, if warranted, of its properties.
The level of profitability of the Company, if any, in future years will depend to a great degree on gold and silver prices and whether any of the Company’s exploration stage properties can be brought into production. The exploration for and development of mineral deposits involves significant risks. It is impossible to ensure that the current and future exploration programs and/or feasibility studies on the Company’s existing mineral properties will establish reserves. Whether an ore body will be commercially viable depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to: the particular attributes of the deposit, such as size, grade and proximity to infrastructure; metal prices, which cannot be predicted and which have been highly volatile in the past; mining, processing and transportation costs; perceived levels of political risk and the willingness of lenders and investors to provide project financing; labour costs and possible labour strikes; and governmental regulations, including, without limitation, regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, land tenure, land use, importing and exporting materials, foreign exchange, environmental protection, employment, worker safety, transportation, and reclamation and closure obligations.
The Company is also subject to the risks normally encountered in the mining industry, such as:
- unusual or unexpected geological formations;<
- fires, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other natural disasters;
- power outages and water shortages;
- cave-ins, land slides, and other similar mining hazards;
- labour disruptions and labour disputes;
- inability to obtain suitable or adequate machinery, equipment, or labour;
- liability for pollution or other hazards; and
- other known and unknown risks involved in the operation of mines and the conduct of exploration.
The development of mineral properties is affected by many factors, including, but not limited to: the cost of operations, variations in the grade of ore, fluctuations in metal markets, costs of extraction and processing equipment, availability of equipment and labour, labour costs and possible labour strikes, and government regulations, including without limitation, regulations relating to taxes, royalties, allowable production, importing and exporting of minerals, foreign exchange, employment, worker safety, transportation, and environmental protection. Depending on the price of minerals, the Company may determine that it is impractical to commence, or, if commenced, continue, commercial production. Such a decision would negatively affect the Company’s profits and may affect the value of its equity.
The Company properties may be subject to unregistered agreements, transfers or claims and title may be adversely affected by undetected defects or aboriginal claims.
The Company has not conducted a legal survey of the boundaries of any of its properties, and therefore, in accordance with the laws of the jurisdictions in which these properties are situated, their existence and area could be in doubt. The Company has obtained only limited formal title reports on some of its properties and title to all of its properties may be in doubt. The Company’s properties may be subject to unregistered agreements, transfers or claims and title may be adversely affected by such undetected defects. If title is disputed, the Company may have to defend its ownership through the courts, and the Company cannot guarantee that a favourable judgment will be obtained. Any litigation could be extremely costly to the Company and could limit the available capital for use in other exploration and development activities. The Company may require additional financing to cover the costs of any litigation necessary to establish title. In the event of an adverse judgment with respect to any of its mineral properties, the Company could lose its property rights and may be required to cease its exploration and development activities on that property. Mining operations may also be affected by claims of native peoples, any of which could have the effect of reducing or preventing the Company from exploiting any possible mineral reserves on its properties.
Mineral operations are subject to government regulations.
The Company’s primary exploration properties are located in the States of Alaska and Nevada. The federal government of the United States and the governments of the States of Alaska and Nevada regulate mining operations and require mining permits and licenses. There can be no guarantee that the Company will be able to obtain all necessary permits and approvals from various federal, state, and local government authorities that may be required in order to undertake exploration activities or commence construction or operation of mine facilities on its properties. Further, there is no guarantee that the federal, state, and local governments will not change the terms and conditions of these permits and licenses, adversely affecting the Company, or that such governments will not completely revoke these licenses, terminating the Company’s property rights and requiring the Company to cease exploration and development activities on one or more of its properties. If the Company is unable to obtain and maintain any necessary permits, it may be forced to abandon all or a portion of its properties.
Mining operations are subject to a wide range of government regulations including, but not limited to: restrictions on production and production methods, price controls, tax increases, expropriation of property, import and export control, employment laws, worker safety regulations, environmental protection, protection of agricultural territory or changes in conditions under which minerals may be marketed.
Mineral operations are subject to market forces outside of the Company’s control.
The marketability of minerals is affected by numerous factors beyond the control of the entity involved in their mining and processing. These factors include, but are not limited to, market fluctuations, government regulations relating to prices, taxes, royalties, allowable production, import restrictions applicable to equipment and supplies, export controls and supply and demand. One or more of these risk elements could have an impact on costs of an operation and, if significant enough, reduce the profitability of the operation and threaten its continuation.
The mining industry is highly competitive.
The business of the acquisition, exploration, and development of mineral properties is intensely competitive. The Company will be required to compete, in the future, directly with other corporations that have better access to potential mineral resources, more developed infrastructure, more available capital, better access to necessary financing, and more knowledgeable and available employees than the Company. The Company may encounter competition in acquiring mineral properties, hiring mining professionals or obtaining mining resources, such as manpower, drill rigs, and other mining equipment. Such corporations could outbid the Company for potential projects or produce minerals at lower costs. Increased competition could also affect the Company’s ability to attract necessary capital funding or acquire suitable producing properties or prospects for mineral exploration in the future.
Mining and mineral exploration have substantial operational risks which are uninsured or uninsurable risks.
Exploration, development and mining operations involve various hazards, including environmental hazards, industrial accidents, metallurgical and other processing problems, unusual or unexpected rock formations, structural cave-ins or slides, flooding, fires, metal losses and periodic interruptions due to inclement or hazardous weather conditions. These risks could result in damage to or destruction of mineral properties, facilities or other property, personal injury, environmental damage, delays in operations, increased cost of operations, monetary losses and possible legal liability. The Company may not be able to obtain insurance to cover these risks at economically feasible premiums or at all. The Company may elect not to insure where premium costs are disproportionate to its perception of the relevant risks. The payment of such insurance premiums and of such liabilities would reduce the funds available for exploration and production activities.
Environmental Regulatory Requirements
In connection with its operations and properties, the Company is subject to extensive and changing environmental legislation, regulation and actions. The Company cannot predict what environmental legislation, regulation or policy will be enacted or adopted in the future or how future laws and regulations will be administered or interpreted. The recent trend in environmental legislation and regulation, generally, is toward stricter standards and this trend is likely to continue in the future. This recent trend includes, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to air and water quality, mine reclamation, waste handling and disposal, the protection of certain species and the preservation of certain lands. These regulations may require the acquisition of permits or other authorizations for certain activities. These laws and regulations may also limit or prohibit activities on certain lands. Compliance with more stringent laws and regulations, as well as potentially more vigorous enforcement policies or stricter interpretation of existing laws, may necessitate significant capital outlays, may materially affect the Company’s results of operations and business, or may cause material changes or delays in the Company’s intended activities.
The Company’s operations may require additional analysis in the future including environmental and social impact and other related studies. Certain activities require the submission and approval of environmental impact assessments. Environmental assessments of proposed projects carry a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and directors, officers, and employees. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to obtain or maintain all necessary permits that may be required to continue its operation or its exploration of its properties or, if feasible, to commence development, construction or operation of mining facilities at such properties on terms which enable operations to be conducted at economically justifiable costs.
Other Regulatory Requirements
The Company’s activities are subject to extensive regulations governing various matters, including management and use of toxic substances and explosives, management of natural resources, exploration, development of mines, production and post-closure reclamation, exports, price controls, taxation, regulations concerning business dealings with indigenous peoples, labour standards on occupational health and safety, including mine safety, and historic and cultural preservation.
Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations may result in civil or criminal fines or penalties, enforcement actions thereunder, including orders issued by regulatory or judicial authorities causing operations to cease or be curtailed, and may include corrective measures requiring capital expenditures, installation of additional equipment, or remedial actions, any of which could result in the Company incurring significant expenditures. The Company may also be required to compensate those suffering loss or damage by reason of a breach of such laws, regulations or permitting requirements. It is also possible that future laws and regulations, or more stringent enforcement of current laws and regulations by governmental authorities, could cause additional expense, capital expenditures, restrictions on or suspension of the Company’s operations and delays in the exploration and development of its mineral properties.
Financing Risks
The Company has a history of losses and no revenues.
The Company is a mineral exploration company without operations and has historically incurred losses. To date, the Company has not recorded any revenues from its operations nor has the Company commenced commercial production on any of its properties. The Company does not expect to receive revenues from operations in the foreseeable future, if at all. The Company expects to continue to incur losses unless and until such time as properties enter into commercial production and generate sufficient revenues to fund its continuing operations.
Until such time, the Company will be dependent upon future financing in order to meet its capital requirements and continue its plan of operations. Although the Company has raised additional private placement financing in the fiscal year ended May 31, 2007, these funds may not be sufficient to undertake all planned acquisition, exploration, and development programs of the Company. The Company cannot guarantee that it will obtain necessary financing. The development of the Company’s properties will require the commitment of substantial resources to conduct the time-consuming exploration and development of properties. The amounts and timing of expenditures will depend on the progress of on-going exploration, assessment and development, the results of consultants’ analyses and recommendations, the rate at which operating losses are incurred, the execution of any joint venture agreements with strategic partners, the Company’s acquisition of additional properties and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company may never generate any revenues or achieve profitability.
The Company may require additional capital to meet its capital requirements for future fiscal years.
The Company has raised additional private placement financing during the fiscal year ended May 31, 2007, but may not have sufficient financial resources to undertake all of its planned acquisition, exploration and development programs. In the future, the Company’s ability to continue its exploration, assessment, and development activities depends in part on the Company’s ability to commence operations and generate revenues or to obtain financing through joint ventures, debt financing, equity financing, production sharing arrangements or some combination of these or other means. There can be no assurance that any such arrangements will be concluded and the associated funding obtained. There can be no assurance that the Company will commence operations and generate sufficient revenues to meet its obligations as they become due or will obtain necessary financing on acceptable terms, if at all. The failure of the Company to meet its on-going obligations on a timely basis could result in the loss or substantial dilution of the Company’s interests (as existing or as proposed to be acquired) in its properties. In addition, should the Company incur significant losses in future periods, it may be unable to continue as a going concern, and realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in other than the normal course of business may be at amounts significantly different from those in the financial statements included in this Annual Report.
Recent market events and conditions, including disruptions in the U.S. and international credit markets and other financial systems and the deterioration of the U.S. and global economic conditions, could, among other things, impede access to capital or increase the cost of capital, which would have an adverse effect on the Company’s ability to fund its working capital and other capital requirements.
In 2007 and into 2008, the U.S. credit markets began to experience serious disruption due to a deterioration in residential property values, defaults and delinquencies in the residential mortgage market (particularly, subprime and non-prime mortgages) and a decline in the credit quality of mortgage backed securities. These problems led to a slow-down in residential housing market transactions, declining housing prices, delinquencies in non-mortgage consumer credit and a general decline in consumer confidence. These conditions continued and worsened in 2008, causing a loss of confidence in the broader U.S. and global credit and financial markets and resulting in the collapse of, and government intervention in, major banks, financial institutions and insurers and creating a climate of greater volatility, less liquidity, widening of credit spreads, a lack of price transparency, increased credit losses and tighter credit conditions. Notwithstanding various actions by the U.S. and foreign governments, concerns about the general condition of the capital markets, financial instruments, banks, investment banks, insurers and other financial institutions caused the broader credit markets to further deteriorate and stock markets to decline substantially. In addition, general economic indicators have deteriorated, including declining consumer sentiment, increased unemployment and declining economic growth and uncertainty about corporate earnings.
These unprecedented disruptions in the current credit and financial markets have had a significant material adverse impact on a number of financial institutions and have limited access to capital and credit for many companies. These disruptions could, among other things, make it more difficult for the Company to obtain, or increase its cost of obtaining, capital and financing for its operations. The Company’s access to additional capital may not be available on terms acceptable to the Company or at all.
Currency fluctuation may affect the Company’s operations and financial stability.
While engaged in the business of exploiting mineral properties, the Company’s operations outside Canada make it subject to foreign currency fluctuation and such fluctuations may adversely effect the Company’s financial positions and results. Such fluctuations are outside the control of the Company and may be largely unpredictable. Management may not take any steps to address foreign currency fluctuations that will eliminate all adverse effects and, accordingly, the Company may suffer losses due to adverse foreign currency fluctuations.
The prices of precious and base minerals and metals fluctuate widely and may not produce enough revenue to cover the Company’s costs.
Even if commercial quantities of mineral deposits are discovered, there is no guarantee that a profitable market will exist for the sale of the metals produced. The Company’s long-term viability and profitability depend, in large part, upon the market price of metals which have experienced significant movement over short periods of time, and are affected by numerous factors beyond the Company’s control, including international economic and political trends, expectations of inflation, currency exchange fluctuations, interest rates and global or regional consumption patterns, speculative activities and increased production due to improved mining and production methods. The supply of and demand for metals are affected by various factors, including political events, economic conditions and production costs in major producing regions. There can be no assurance that the price of any minerals produced from the Company’s properties will be such that any such deposits can be mined at a profit.
The Company is dependent upon key management employees.
The success of the Company’s operations will depend upon numerous factors, many of which are beyond its control, including (i) the Company’s ability to enter into strategic alliances through a combination of one or more joint ventures, mergers or acquisition transactions; and (ii) the Company’s ability to attract and retain additional key personnel in sales, marketing, technical support and finance. Currently, the Company is reliant primarily upon the services of Jeffrey A. Pontius (President and Chief Executive Officer), Russell Myers (Vice-President, Exploration) and Chris Puchner (Chief Geologist). Each of these individuals has extensive experience in mineral exploration and is fully familiar with the Company’s properties. There is presently a significant shortage of qualified geologists and mineral exploration personnel available and, therefore, if either of these individuals left the Company, it would be difficult for the Company to replace them with similarly qualified personnel within a reasonable time, which could result in a significant delay in the Company’s ongoing operations, particularly its mineral exploration programs in Alaska and Nevada. These and other factors will require the use of outside suppliers as well as the talents and efforts of the Company’s management. There can be no assurance of success with any or all of these factors on which the Company’s operations will depend. The Company has relied, and may continue to rely, upon consultants and others for operating expertise.
The Company’s growth will require new personnel, which it will be required to recruit, hire, train and retain.
The Company expects significant growth in the number of its employees if it determines that a mine at any of its properties is commercially feasible, it is able to raise sufficient funding and it elects to develop the property. This growth will place substantial demands on the Company and its management, and the Company’s ability to assimilate new personnel will be critical to its performance. The Company will be required to recruit additional personnel and to train, motivate and manage employees. It will also have to adopt and implement new systems in all aspects of its operations. This will be particularly critical if the Company decides not to use contract miners at any of its properties. There is no assurance that the Company will be able to recruit the personnel required to execute its programs or to manage these changes successfully.
The Company has limited experience with development stage mining operations.
The Company has limited experience in placing resource properties into production, and its ability to do so will be dependent upon using the services of appropriately experienced personnel or entering into agreements with other major resource companies that can provide such expertise. There can be no assurance that the Company will have available, the necessary expertise when and if it places a property into production.
Certain of the Company’s directors and officers are also directors and/or officers and/or shareholders of potential competitors of the Company, giving rise to potential conflicts of interest.
Several of the Company’s directors and officers are also directors, officers or shareholders of other companies. In particular, Messrs. Van Alphen, Talbot and Kinley and Ms. Ritchie are directors and/or officers of Cardero Resource Corp., a public natural resource exploration company that holds approximately 10.93% of the Common Shares, and Mr. Guenther is an officer of AngloGold Ashanti Americas, Inc., an affiliate of AngloGold Ashanti (U.S.A.) Exploration Inc., (both indirect subsidiaries of AngloGold Ashanti Limited) which holds approximately 14.55% of the Common Shares (% as at December 1, 2008). Some of the directors and officers are engaged and will continue to be engaged in the search for additional business opportunities on behalf of other corporations, and situations may arise where these directors and officers will be in direct competition with the Company. Such associations may give rise to conflicts of interest from time to time. Such a conflict poses the risk that the Company may enter into a transaction on terms which could place the Company in a worse position than if no conflict existed. Conflicts, if any, will be dealt with in accordance with the relevant provisions of the BCBCA. The Board has resolved that any transaction involving a related party to the Company is required to be reviewed and approved by the Company’s Audit Committee. The Company’s directors are required by law to act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and to disclose any interest which they many have in any project or opportunity in respect of which the Company is proposing to enter into a transaction.
Risks Relating to an Investment in the Securities of the Company
Stock market price and volume volatility.
The market for the Common Shares may be highly volatile for reasons both related to the performance of the Company or events pertaining to the industry (i.e., mineral price fluctuation/high production costs/accidents) as well as factors unrelated to the Company or its industry. In particular, market demand for products incorporating minerals in their manufacture fluctuates from one business cycle to the next, resulting in change of demand for the mineral and an attendant change in the price for the mineral. The Common Shares can be expected to be subject to volatility in both price and volume arising from market expectations, announcements and press releases regarding the Company’s business, and changes in estimates and evaluations by securities analysts or other events or factors. In recent years the securities markets in the United States and Canada have experienced a high level of price and volume volatility, and the market price of securities of many companies, particularly small-capitalization companies such as the Company, have experienced wide fluctuations that have not necessarily been related to the operations, performances, underlying asset values, or prospects of such companies. For these reasons, the price of the Common Shares can also be expected to be subject to volatility resulting from purely market forces over which the Company has no control. Further, despite the existence of a market for trading the Common Shares in Canada in the United States, stockholders of the Company may be unable to sell significant quantities of Common Shares in the public trading markets without a significant reduction in the price of the stock.
Dilution through the granting of options.
Because the success of the Company is highly dependent upon the performance of its directors, officers, employees and consultants, the Company has granted, and will in the future grant, to some or all of its directors, officers, employees and consultants, options to purchase its Common Shares as non-cash incentives. Those options may be granted at exercise prices below those for the Common Shares prevailing in the public trading market at the time or may be granted at exercise prices equal to market prices at times when the public market is depressed. To the extent that significant numbers of such options may be granted and exercised, the interests of the other stockholders of the Company may be diluted.
The Company may experience difficulty complying with its upcoming obligations under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
While the Company believes it has adequate internal control over financial reporting, it is required to evaluate its internal controls under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any adverse results from such evaluation could result in a loss of investor confidence in the Company’s financial reports and have an adverse effect on the price of the Company’s shares of common stock.
Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company, as a non-accelerated filer, expects that beginning in its annual report for the year ended May 31, 2008, it will be required to furnish a report by management on its internal controls over financial reporting. Such report will contain among other matters, an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, including a statement as to whether or not its internal control over financial reporting is effective. This assessment must include disclosure of any material weaknesses in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified by the Company’s management. Starting with the Company’s annual report for the year ended May 31, 2010, such report must also contain a statement that the Company’s auditors have issued an attestation report on the Company’s management’s assessment of such internal controls. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard No. 2 provides the professional standards and related performance guidance for auditors to attest to, and report on, the Company’s management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting under Section 404.
While the Company believes its internal control over financial reporting is effective, the Company cannot be certain that it will be able to complete its evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion in order to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. During the evaluation and testing process, if the Company identifies one or more material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting, it will be unable to assert that such internal control is effective. If the Company is unable to assert that its internal control over financial reporting is effective as of May 31, 2008 (or if its auditors are unable to attest that its management’s report is fairly stated or they are unable to express an opinion on the effectiveness of its internal controls), the Company could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of its financial reports, which would have a material adverse effect on its stock price.
The Company may be a passive foreign investment company, which may result in material adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors.
Investors in the Common Shares that are U.S. taxpayers should be aware that the Company may be a passive foreign investment company under Section 1297(a) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code (a ";PFIC";). If the Company is or becomes a PFIC, generally any gain recognized on the sale of Common Shares and any excess distributions (as specifically defined under ";U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations";), paid on the Common Shares must be rateably allocated to each day in a U.S. taxpayer’s holding period for Common Shares. The amount of any such gain or excess distribution allocated to prior years of such U.S. taxpayers holding period for Common Shares generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the highest tax applicable to ordinary income in each such prior year, and the U.S. taxpayer will be required to pay interest on the resulting tax liability for each such prior year, calculated as if such tax liability had been due in each such prior year.
Alternatively, a U.S. taxpayer that makes a Qualified Electing Fund (a ";QEF";) election with respect to his or her investment generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on such U.S. taxpayer’s pro rata share of the Company’s net capital gain and ordinary earnings (as specifically defined and calculated under U.S. federal income tax rules), regardless of whether such amounts are actually distributed by the Company. U.S. taxpayers should be aware, however, that there can be no assurance that the Company will satisfy record keeping requirements under the QEF rules or that the Company will supply U.S. taxpayers with required information under the QEF rules, in the event that it is a PFIC and a U.S. taxpayer wishes to make a QEF election. As a second alternative, a U.S. taxpayer may make a mark-to-market election if the Company is a PFIC and Common Shares are marketable stock (as specifically defined under ";U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations";). A U.S. taxpayer that makes a mark-to-market election generally will include in gross income, for each taxable year in which the Company is a PFIC, an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the fair market value of Common Shares as of the close of such taxable year over (b) such U.S. taxpayer’s adjusted tax basis in Common Shares.
Broker-Dealers may be discouraged from effecting transactions in the Common Shares because they are considered ";Penny Stocks"; and are subject to the Penny Stock Rules.
Rules 15g-1 through 15g-9 promulgated under the Exchange Act impose sales practice and disclosure requirements on certain broker-dealers who engage in certain transactions involving "a penny stock". Subject to certain exceptions, a penny stock generally includes any equity security that has a market price of less than USD 5.00 per share. The market price of the Common Shares over the year ended December 31, 2007 and through November 18, 2008 was consistently below USD 5.00 and the Common Shares are deemed penny stock for the purposes of the Exchange Act. The additional sales practice and disclosure requirements imposed upon broker-dealers may discourage broker-dealers from effecting transactions in the Common Shares, which could severely limit the market liquidity of the Common Shares and impede the sale of Common Shares in the secondary market.
Under the penny stock regulations, a broker-dealer selling penny stock to anyone other than an established customer or ";accredited investor"; (generally, an individual with net worth in excess of USD 1,000,000 or an annual income exceeding USD 200,000, or USD 300,000 together with his or her spouse) must make a special suitability determination for the purchaser and must receive the purchaser's written consent to the transaction prior to sale, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt.
In addition, the penny stock regulations require the broker-dealer to deliver, prior to any transaction involving a penny stock, a disclosure schedule prepared by the US Securities and Exchange Commission relating to the penny stock market, unless the broker-dealer or the transaction is otherwise exempt. A broker-dealer is also required to disclose commissions payable to the broker-dealer and the registered representative and current quotations for the securities. Finally, a broker-dealer is required to send monthly statements disclosing recent price information with respect to the penny stock held in a customer's account and information with respect to the limited market in penny stocks.
The Company does not intend to pay cash dividends and there is no assurance that it will ever declare cash dividends.
The Company intends to retain any future earnings to finance its business and operations and any future growth. Therefore, the Company does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
ITEM 4.
4.A
History and Development of the Company
The Company was incorporated pursuant to the Company Act of British Columbia under the name ";Ashnola Mining Company Ltd."; on May 26, 1978. The Company’s name was changed to ";Tower Hill Mines Ltd."; on June 1, 1988, and subsequently changed to ";International Tower Hill Mines Ltd."; on March 15, 1991. The Company has been transitioned under, and is now governed by, the BCBCA.
The Company has three subsidiaries:
(a)
Talon Gold Alaska, Inc., incorporated in Alaska on June 27, 2006, which holds all of the Company’s Alaskan properties (";Talon Alaska";) and is 100% owned by the Company;
(b)
Talon Gold (US) LLC, a limited liability company formed in Colorado on June 27, 2006 (";Talon LLC";), which carries on all of the Company’s mining operations and is wholly owned by Talon Alaska; and
(c)
Talon Gold Nevada, Inc., incorporated in Nevada on April 9, 2007, which holds all of the Company’s properties in Nevada (";Talon Nevada";) and is 100% owned by the Company.
The Common Shares are publicly traded on the TSXV under the trading symbol ";ITH";, the NYSE-AlternextUS (";NYSE-A";) under the trading symbol ";THM"; and on the Berlin Stock Exchange -- Unofficial Regulated Market and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the trading symbol ";IW9";.
The Company’s head office is located at Suite 1920 - 1188 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6E 4A2. The Company’s head office phone number is 604-683-6332 and the fax number is 604-408-7499. The Company’s registered and records office and address for service is Suite 2300, 550 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V6C 2B5.
Business Objectives
The Company’s principal business carried on and intended to be carried on by it is the acquisition and exploration of natural resource properties. The Company intends on expending its existing cash resources to carry out exploration on its currently held mineral properties, to pay for administrative costs during the fiscal year ending May 31, 2009, and for working capital. The Company may also decide to acquire other property interests in addition to mineral property interests currently held by it.
4.B
Business Overview
The Company is a mineral exploration company engaged in the acquisition, exploration and development of mineral properties. The Company currently holds or has the right to acquire interests in a number of mineral properties in Alaska and Nevada, USA. The Company is in the exploration stage as its properties have not yet reached commercial production and none of its properties is beyond the preliminary exploration stage. All work presently planned by the Company is directed at defining mineralization and increasing understanding of the characteristics of, and economics of, that mineralization. The Company’s properties in Alaska and Nevada are all in the exploration stage. Other than on the Livengood, Terra, LMS and Mayflower (North Bullfrog) properties, there are currently no identified mineral resources, and there are no mineral reserves, on any of the Company’s mineral properties.
Over the past three financial years, the Company has focussed primarily on the acquisition and exploration of mineral properties and, since current management assumed control of the Company in mid-2006, in Alaska and, more recently, Nevada. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2006 the Company had one mineral property in British Columbia (Siwash), but this property was sold following the Company’s determination to focus on Alaska. During the financial years ended May 31, 2007 and 2008, the Company has acquired by staking, purchase, lease or option (primarily from AngloGold Ashanti (U.S.A.) Exploration Inc. (";AngloGold";) in a transaction which closed on August 4, 2006) interests in a number of mineral properties in the Alaska (Livengood, Terra, LMS, BMP, Chisna, Coffee Dome, West Tanana, Gilles, West Pogo, Caribou, Blackshell and South Estelle) and Nevada (North Bullfrog and Painted Hills) that it believes have the potential to host large precious or base metal deposits. Some of these, such as the Caribou, Blackshell, West Tanana and Gilles properties have, in light of disappointing exploration results, since been dropped or returned to the respective optionors or lessors, and the associated costs written off while others, such as the South Estelle property, have been sold. During calendar 2007 and 2008, the Company’s primary focus has been the exploration of its Livengood project in Alaska and the majority of its resources have been directed to that end. The Company intends to seek partners to advance the majority of its other projects.
The Company currently holds, or has rights to acquire, interests (ranging from 70% to 100%) in several mineral properties (subject, in certain cases, to NSR royalties payable to the original property vendors/lessors) in Alaska and Nevada (Figures 1 and 2). The Company is in the process of evaluating such properties through exploration programs. In all cases, the objective is to evaluate the potential of the subject property and to determine if spending additional funds is warranted (in which case, an appropriate program to advance the property to the next decision point will be formulated and, depending upon available funds, implemented) or not (in which case the property may be offered for option/joint venture or returned to the optionor/lessor). At the present time, the Company is primarily interested in properties that are prospective for gold, silver and copper.
The Company considers that the Livengood, Terra, LMS and North Bullfrog project are its material mineral properties at the present time. However, ongoing work on other properties may produce results that would cause the Company to consider them as material mineral properties in the future. For details of the progress on, and results of, work programs on the Company’s mineral properties, see Item 4.D - ";Property, Plants and Equipment";.
The Company is in the exploration stage and does not mine, produce or sell any mineral products at this time, nor do any of its current properties (with the exception of the Terra and LMS properties in Alaska which have inferred resources and the Livengood property in Alaska and the Mayflower (North Bullfrog) property in Nevada, which have indicated and inferred resources) have any known or identified mineral resources or mineral reserves. The Company does not propose any method of production at this time.
All aspects of the Company’s business require specialized skills and knowledge. Such skills and knowledge include the areas of geology, drilling, logistical planning and implementation of exploration programs and accounting. While recent increased activity in the resource mining industry has made it more difficult to locate competent employees and consultants in such fields, the Company has found that it can locate and retain such employees and consultants and believes it will continue to be able to do so.
All of the raw materials the Company requires to carry on its business are readily available through normal supply or business contracting channels in Canada and the United States. The Company has secured personnel to conduct its contemplated programs. Over the past 24 months the increased mineral exploration activity on a global scale has made some services difficult to procure, particularly skilled and experienced contract drilling personnel. It is possible that delays or increased costs may be experienced in order to proceed with drilling activities during the current period. Such delays could significantly affect the Company if, for example, commodity prices fall significantly thereby reducing the opportunity the Company may have had to develop a particular project had such activities been completed in a timely manner before the fall of such prices. In addition, assay labs are significantly backlogged, thus significantly increasing the time that the Company waits for assay results. Such delays can slow down work programs, thus increasing field expenses or other costs (such as property payments which may have to be made before all information to assess the desirability of making such payment is known, or causing the Company do not make such a payment and terminate its interest in a property rather than make a significant property payment before all information is available).
![[exhibit1001.jpg]](exhibit1001.jpg)
Figure 1: Location of the Company’s Alaska Projects
![[exhibit1002.jpg]](exhibit1002.jpg)
Figure 2: Location of the Company’s Nevada Projects
The mining business is subject to mineral price cycles. The marketability of minerals and mineral concentrates is also affected by worldwide economic cycles. At the present time, there is significant evidence that the demand for minerals in some countries (notably China and India), which has been driving increased commodity prices over the past 2 - 3 years is slowing down, and that the growth rates in such countries (as well is in North America and Europe) is falling significantly. This is likely to result in a significant decrease in commodity prices, although inflationary pressure may moderate any such decrease in the price of gold, which is one of the Company’s primary commodities.
The Company’s business is not substantially dependent on any contract such as a contract to sell the major part of its products or services or to purchase the major part of its requirements for goods, services or raw materials, or on any franchise or licence or other agreement to use a patent, formula, trade secret, process or trade name upon which its business depends. Rather, the Company’s ability to continue making the holding, assessment, lease and option payments necessary to maintain its interest in its mineral projects is of primary concern. The Company does not presently anticipate any difficulties in this regard in the current financial year.
It is not expected that the Company’s business will be affected in the current financial year by the renegotiation or termination of contracts or sub-contracts.
The Company is presently carrying out, or has just completed, exploration programs on a number of its mineral properties. In general, the work programs consist or consisted of geological and geochemical mapping, soil and rock chip sampling, airborne geophysical surveys, trenching and diamond and reverse circulation drilling. During the fiscal year ended May 31, 2008, the Company spent approximately $10,139,178 on its mineral properties, including land maintenance and tenure costs.
All of the Company’s currently proposed exploration is under the jurisdiction of the States of Alaska or Nevada.
Holders of Federal and Alaska State unpatented mining claims have the right to use the land or water included within mining claims only when necessary for mineral prospecting, development, extraction, or basic processing, or for storage of mining equipment. However, the exercise of such rights is subject to the appropriate permits being obtained. In Alaska, low impact, initial stage surface exploration such as stream sediment, soil and rock chip sampling do not require any permits. The State of Alaska requires an APMA (Alaska Placer Mining Application) exploration permit for all surface disturbances greater than one acre such as trenching, road building and drilling. These permits are also reviewed by related state and federal agencies that can comment and require specific changes to the proposed work plans to minimize impacts on any archaeological and environmental aspects of the affected property. The permitting process for these disturbances generally requires 30 days for processing and all work must be bonded through the State bonding pool. Although the Company has never had an issue with the timely processing of APMA permits there is no assurances that delays in permit approval will not occur. Due to the northern climate, exploration work is some areas of Alaska can be limited due to permafrost and cold temperatures. In general, surface sampling work is limited to May through September and surface drilling from March through November, although some locations afford opportunities for year round exploration operations. Mining is conducted in a number of locations in Alaska on a year round basis, both open pit and underground.
In Nevada, as in Alaska, initial stage surface exploration does not require any permits. Notice-level exploration permits (less than 5 acres of disturbance) are in place through the U.S. Bureau of Land Management for the Painted Hills and North Bullfrog Projects to allow for drilling. The Painted Hills permit allows for 2.13 acres of disturbance and was approved in June, 2007. A reclamation bond of USD 12,704 is in place with the BLM. The North Bullfrog permit allows for 2.45 acres of disturbance and was approved in October, 2006; the reclamation bond is USD 18,452. Additional permitting with the BLM and other agencies is underway at North Bullfrog to allow for more drill sites, and these additional permits are expected to be obtained in January of 2009. In general, exploration activities in Nevada can be carried out on a year-round basis, although some such activities may be adversely affected by the winter climate. Mining is conducted in Nevada on a year round basis, both open pit and underground.
Currently, there are no environmental regulations in either Alaska or Nevada that impact the Company because it is still in the exploration stage. Reclamation work, that is, work done to restore the property to its original state, is believed to be minimal because the Company’s operations have virtually no environmental impact. Any remedial environmental reclamation work consists of slashing underbrush so that wildlife movement is not hampered and basic re-seeding operations.
On Alaska State lands, the state holds both the surface and the subsurface rights. State of Alaska 40-acre mining claims require an annual rental payment of USD 25/claim to be paid to the state (by November 20), for the first five years, USD 55 per year for the second five years, and USD 130 per year thereafter. As a consequence, all Alaska State Mining Claims have an expiry date of November 30 each year. In addition, there is a minimum annual work expenditure requirement of USD 100 per 40 acre claim (due on or before noon on September 1 in each year) or cash-in-lieu, and an affidavit evidencing that such work has been performed is required to be filed on or before November 30 in each year. Excess work can be carried forward for up to four years. If such requirements are met, the claims can be held indefinitely. The work completed by the Company during the 2008 field season will be filed as assessment work, and the value of the work is sufficient to meet the assessment work requirements through September 1, 2012 on all unpatented Alaska State mining claims held under lease.
Holders of Alaska State mining locations are required to pay a production royalty on all revenue received from minerals produced on state land. The production royalty requirement applies to all revenues received from minerals produced from a state mining claim or mining lease during each calendar year. Payment of royalty is in exchange for and to preserve the right to extract and process the minerals produced. The current rate is three (3%) percent of net income, as determined under the Mining License Tax Law (Alaska).
In Nevada, the Company’s properties include unpatented and patented mining claims. The unpatented claims require payment of yearly maintenance fees of USD 125 per year to the BLM and additional filing fees payable to Nye County. The patented claims require payment of annual property taxes, which are generally the responsibility of the individual owners from whom the Company leases the claims, subject, in certain cases, to reimbursement of such taxes by the Company.
Alaska Property Acquisitions
Initial Alaskan Property Acquisition from AngloGold
Pursuant to an Asset Purchase and Sale and Indemnity Agreement dated June 30, 2006, as amended on July 26, 2006 (collectively, the ";AngloGold Agreement";) among the Company, AngloGold and Talon Alaska, the Company acquired all of AngloGold’s interest in a portfolio of seven mineral exploration projects in Alaska (referred to as the Livengood, Coffee Dome, Chisna, Blackshell, Gilles, West Pogo and Caribou properties) (the ";Sale Properties";), together with a comprehensive database (with respect to both the Sale Properties and the extensive exploration work carried out by AngloGold in Alaska) and certain personal property (together with the Sale Properties, the ";Assets";), in consideration of the issuance to AngloGold of 5,997,295 Common Shares, representing approximately 19.99% of the issued and outstanding Common Shares following the closing of the acquisition and two private placement financings raising an aggregate of $11,479,348. AngloGold has the right to maintain its percentage equity interest in the Common Shares, on an ongoing basis, provided that such right will terminate if AngloGold’s interest falls below 10% at any time after January 1, 2009. As a result of this transaction, AngloGold became an ";insider"; of the Company pursuant to applicable Canadian securities legislation.
As further consideration for the transfer of the Assets, the Company granted to AngloGold a 90-day right of first offer with respect to the Sale Properties and any additional mineral properties in which the Company acquires an interest and which interest it proposes to farm out or otherwise dispose of. If AngloGold’s equity interest in the Company is reduced to less than 10%, then this right of first offer will terminate. In addition, the Company agreed to indemnify AngloGold from and against any liabilities related to the Sale Properties, to assume obligations with respect to all underlying agreements, holding costs, property taxes and government rentals and all permitting and bonding requirements related to the Sale Properties. The Company also agreed to purchase the Sale Properties on an ";as is";, where is"; basis and to assume responsibility and indemnify AngloGold for all environmental liabilities.
On the closing of the acquisition of the Assets, the Company entered into option/joint venture agreements with AngloGold with respect to two additional mineral projects in Alaska held by AngloGold, referred to as the LMS and Terra properties (the ";Optioned Properties";).
With respect to the LMS property, the Company has the right to earn a 60% interest by incurring aggregate exploration expenditures of USD 3.0 million within four years, of which the Company committed to incur minimum exploration expenditures of USD 1.0 million during the 2006 calendar year and, in order to maintain the option, of USD 750,000 during the 2007 calendar year. Upon the Company having earned its 60% interest in the LMS property, AngloGold will have the right to re-acquire a 20% interest (for an aggregate 60% interest) and become manager of the joint venture by incurring a further USD 4.0 million in exploration expenditures over a further two years.
With respect to the Terra property, the Company has the right to earn a 60% interest by incurring aggregate exploration expenditures of USD 3.0 million within four years, of which the Company has committed to incur minimum exploration expenditures of USD 500,000 during the 2006 calendar year and, in order to maintain the option, of USD 750,000 during the 2007 calendar year. Upon the Company having earned its 60% interest in the Terra property, AngloGold will have the right to re-acquire a 20% interest (for an aggregate 60% interest) and become manager of the joint venture by incurring a further USD 4.0 million in exploration expenditures over a further two years.
In either case, following the parties having earned their final respective interests, each party will be required to contribute its pro rata share of further expenditures or its interest in the property will be diluted. A party that is diluted to 10% or less will have its interest converted to a 2% net smelter return royalty.
AngloGold funded the property and exploration program expenditures on the Sale Properties and the Optioned Properties from July 1, 2006 until the closing of the Acquisition on August 4, 2006 and, as required by the AngloGold Agreement, the Company have reimbursed AngloGold for all such expenditures in the aggregate amount of USD 478,093.
To July 1, 2006, AngloGold incurred approximately USD 1.4 million in acquisition costs and exploration expenditures on the Sale Properties and approximately USD 2.4 million in acquisition costs and exploration expenditures on the Optioned Properties.
AngloGold Residual Interest Buyout -; Terra, LMS, Gilles and West Pogo Properties
The Company has entered into a purchase agreement dated June 6, 2008 with AngloGold to acquire all of the interest of AngloGold in the Terra and LMS projects in Alaska, plus certain other AngloGold rights. The purchase agreement encompasses all royalties and residual rights held by AngloGold in the Terra and LMS properties, as well as AngloGold’s first refusal rights on transactions involving the West Pogo and Gilles properties held by the Company (and originally acquired from AngloGold).
Under the terms of the purchase agreement, the Company acquired all of the right, title and interest of AngloGold in the Terra and LMS projects (including AngloGold’s right of first offer on any disposition thereof by the Company). In addition, AngloGold has also relinquished its right of first offer on two of the Company’s other 100% owned projects, being the West Pogo project and the Gilles project. The total purchase price for all these rights and interests was $751,500, which was satisfied by the issuance of an aggregate of 450,000 Common Shares (valued, for this purpose, at $1.67 per share). The transaction was approved by the Audit Committee of the Company, which is composed solely of independent directors, and by the directors of the Company other than AngloGold’s nominee. The transaction closed on November 25, 2008.
South Estelle Property Acquisition/Disposition
Pursuant to a binding letter of intent dated June 15, 2007 (";LOI";) with Hidefield Gold Plc of London, England and its partner, Mines Trust Ltd. of Alaska, the Company was granted the option to earn up to an 80% interest in the South Estelle project, located in southwest Alaska. The South Estelle project consists of 168 Alaska State mining claims located 30 kilometres east of the Company’s Terra project.
Under the LOI, the Company had the right to earn up to an aggregate 80% interest in the project as follows:
- The Company could earn an initial 51% interest by making payments of USD 42,000 upon TSXV acceptance of the transaction on behalf of the Company and an additional USD 50,000 on or before January 8, 2008, and incurring aggregate exploration expenditures of USD 2,000,000 prior to December 31, 2009 (USD 75,000 on or before December 31, 2007, which the Company has committed to incur).
- The Company can earn an additional 19% interest (aggregate of 70%) by incurring an additional USD 3,000,000 in exploration expenditures before December 31, 2011.
- The Company can earn an additional 10% interest (aggregate of 80%) by funding all expenditures required to prepare and deliver a positive bankable feasibility study. There is no time limit for the delivery of such feasibility study.
At any time after the Company earns its initial 51% interest, Hidefield/Mines Trust can convert their interest into a 1.5% net smelter return royalty. Following the Company having earned its interest, if Hidefield/Mines Trust do not elect to convert to an NSR, the parties will enter into a joint venture, in which each will be responsible for its pro rata share of further expenditures. If the interest of either the Issuer or Hidefield/Mines Trust in such joint venture is reduced to 10% or less, such interest will be converted to a 1.5% NSR royalty.
The Company carried out an initial exploration program on the property and, although the results were encouraging, the Company determined to concentrate its activities on its Livengood project and, accordingly, on April 2, 2008 the Company entered into an agreement with Millrock Resources Inc. (";Millrock";), whereby it sold all interest in the South Estelle project to Millrock in consideration of the issuance of 650,000 common shares of Millrock, and the grant of a 1% NSR royalty, to the Company. The transaction closed on April 16, 2008.
BMP Project Expansion
The Company has entered into an exploration agreement dated February 26, 2008, with Cook Inlet Region, Inc. (";CIRI";), an Alaska Native Corporation, pursuant to which the Company has been granted an option to lease a 6,200 hectare area located immediately adjacent to the eastern side of the Company’s existing BMP claim block. The general terms of the agreement are as follows:
Exploration Agreement (2 year initial term with automatic 3 year renewal)
- Payments: Annual rental payment of USD 20,000 per year for the first 2 years, increasing to USD 40,000 for years 3 through 5. At the end of year 2, the Company will be required to reduce the lands subject to the agreement by 50% unless otherwise justifiable geologically, in which case a bonus of USD 5.00 per acre is payable upon the renewal for all lands retained in excess of 3,100 hectares.
- Work Commitments: USD 275,000 in year 1 escalating to USD 500,000 in year 5.
- Lease Option: Upon having expended a minimum of USD 800,000, drilled 2,500 feet of core drilling and produced a positive pre-feasibility study over an area within the CIRI lands that contains mineralization and may be capable of development into a mine, the Company may elect to enter into a mining lease over the ground that is the subject to the positive prefeasibility study.
Mining Lease (15 year initial term, and so long thereafter as commercial production continues)
- Advance Minimum Royalty: Payments of USD 150,000 in years 1-3, USD 200,000 in years 4-5 and USD 400,000 for year 6 and beyond (unless a feasibility study has been completed). AMR payments are 50% deductible from royalty payments.
- Sliding Scale Royalty: An NSR Royalty of between 1 and 2.5% before payback and between 3 and 5% (depending upon the gold price) after payback is payable in respect of precious metals, and an NSR Royalty of 1% before payback and 3% after payback is payable in respect of base metals. In both cases, CIRI will have the option to replace the NSR Royalty with a Net Profits Interest Royalty (10% before payback and 20% after).
- CIRI Participation Option: Upon a production decision being made, CIRI will have the right to acquire up to a 15% working interest in the leased area by contributing 2 times its pro rata share of the cumulative project expenditures by the Company (other than AMR payments) to the date of the exercise of CIRI’s participation option.
The Company will also make annual donations of USD 10,000 to The CIRI Foundation or other scholarship fund designated by CIRI during the continuance of the exploration agreement and term of any mining lease (increasing to USD 50,000 per year following commercial production).
For details of the Company’s Alaskan Mineral Properties, see Item 4.D - ";Property, Plant and Equipment -; Alaskan Mineral Properties";.
Nevada Property Acquisitions
North Bullfrog/Painted Hills Acquisitions
On March 15, 2007, the Company signed of two binding letters of intent with Redstar Gold Corp. of Vancouver, B.C. (";Redstar";), pursuant to which the Company can earn up to a 70% interest in two gold projects, referred to as North Bullfrog and Painted Hills, located in Nevada. The Company can earn an initial 60% interest in each project by making payments and exploration expenditures and has the option to earn an additional 10% interest (aggregate 70%) by funding all expenditures to take a project to feasibility. There is no time limit by which a feasibility study is required to be delivered.
- North Bullfrog: To earn its initial 60% interest, the Company must make total payments of USD 190,000 and incur total expenditures of USD 4,000,000 over 4 years to March 15, 2011. The first year requirement is a payment of USD 20,000 on TSXV acceptance (paid) plus exploration expenditures of USD 500,000. The second payment of USD 30,000 is due in 18 months.
- Painted Hills: To earn its initial 60% interest, the Company must make total payments of USD 170,000 and incur total expenditures of USD 2,500,000 over 4 years to March 15, 2011. The first year requirement is a payment of USD 20,000 on TSXV acceptance (paid) plus exploration expenditures of USD 250,000. The second payment of USD 20,000 is due in 18 months.
- The Company is also required to issue an aggregate of 20,000 Common Shares to Redstar, as to 5,000 on each on September 15, 2008, March 15, 2009, March 15, 2010 and March 15, 2011, so long as the Company is earning into at least one of the North Bullfrog or Painted Hills projects.
Following the Company having earned its interest in a property subject to the option, the parties will thereafter operate that property as a joint venture.
Mayflower Property Acquisition
Pursuant to a mining lease and option to purchase agreement made effective December 1, 2007 between the Company and a group of arm’s length limited partnerships, the Company has leased (and has the option to purchase) eleven patented mining claims (approximately 76 hectares) located adjacent to its North Bullfrog project in south-western Nevada. The terms of the lease/option are as follows:
- Term: Initial term of 5 years, commencing December 1, 2007, with the option to extend the lease for an additional 5 years. The lease will continue for so long thereafter as the property is in commercial production or, alternatively, for an additional three years if the Company makes advance minimum royalty payments of USD 100,000/year (which are recoupable against actual production royalties).
- Lease Payments: USD 5,000 and 25,000 Common Shares following TSXV and AMEX acceptance of the transaction (both received) and an additional 20,000 Common Shares on each of the first through fifth lease anniversaries. If the Issuer elects to extend the lease for a second 5 year term, it will pay USD 10,000 and issue 50,000 Common Shares upon such election being made, and an additional 50,000 common shares on each of the sixth through tenth anniversaries.
- Work Commitments: USD 100,000 per year for years 1 - 3, USD 200,000 per year for years 4-6 and USD 300,000 for years 7 - 10. Excess expenditures in any year may be carried forward. If the Issuer does not incur the required expenditures in year 1, any deficiency is required to be paid to the lessors.
- Retained Royalty: The Company will pay the lessors a NSR royalty of 2% if the average gold price is USD 400 or less, 3% if the average gold price is USD 401-500 and 4% if the average gold price is greater than USD 500.
- Purchase Option: The Company will have the right to purchase the property outright (together with the retained royalty) during the first 10 years for USD 10,000,000. Following year 10 the USD 10,000,000 purchase price will be escalated annually based on the US annual Consumer Price Index increase for that year.
The Mayflower property, and associated acquisition costs, will be added to the North Bullfrog property subject to the option agreement with Redstar (see ";North Bullfrog/Painted Hills Acquisitions"; above).
Connection Property Acquisition
Pursuant to a mining lease and option to purchase agreement made effective October 27, 2008 between Redstar and an arm’s length limited liability company, Redstar has leased (and has the option to purchase) twelve patented mining claims located adjacent to the North Bullfrog project and referred to as the ";Connection"; property. The 10 year, renewable mining lease requires payments of USD 10,800 on signing and annual payments for the first three anniversaries of USD 10,800 and USD 16,200 for every year thereafter. Redstar has an option to purchase is the property for USD 1,000,000 at any time during the life of the lease. Production is subject to a 4% NSR royalty, which may be purchased for USD 5,000,000.
The Connection property, and associated acquisition costs, will be added to the North Bullfrog property subject to the option agreement with Redstar (see ";North Bullfrog/Painted Hills Acquisitions"; above).
4.C
Organizational Structure
The following corporate chart sets forth the organizational structure of the Company and all of its material subsidiaries, each of which is wholly owned:
4.D
Property, Plant and Equipment
The Company’s activities are focused on the exploration of its currently held mineral property interests and the evaluation and possible acquisition of additional mineral properties. As of the date of this Annual Report, the Company does not have any material plant and equipment (other than field exploration equipment and two pickup trucks), mines or producing properties. The Company’s proposed exploration programs are all exploratory in nature and all of its properties are without known reserves.
The Company’s principal assets are its interests in unproven mineral properties. Under Canadian GAAP, option payments and exploration and field support costs directly relating to mineral properties are deferred until the properties to which they relate are placed into production, sold or abandoned. The deferred costs will be amortized over the life of the ore body following commencement of production or written off if the property is sold or abandoned. Administration costs and other exploration costs that do not relate to any specific property are expensed as incurred.
The mineral properties in which the Company has an interest are located in Alaska and Nevada. As at December 1, 2008, the Company held interests in 9 mineral properties -; 4 of the 7 Sale Properties acquired from AngloGold under the AngloGold Agreement (being Livengood, West Pogo, Coffee Dome and Chisna -; Blackshell, Caribou and Gilles having been dropped), the 2 Optioned Properties, now 100% owned by the Company (LMS and Terra), 1 additional property in Alaska acquired directly by the Company following the closing of the acquisition from AngloGold (BMP), and 2 mineral properties in Nevada (North Bullfrog and Painted Hills).
Alaskan Mineral Properties
Livengood Property, Tolovana District
The Livengood property consists of:
1.
20 United States Federal unpatented lode mining claims held under lease by the Company from two individuals,
2.
one lease with the State of Alaska Mental Health Land Trust (";AMHLT";),
3.
one lease with two entities for 169 Alaska State mining claims,
4.
one lease with five individuals for 1 patented lot,
5.
one lease with one individual for 6 Federal claims
The total land package is approximately 4,387 hectares held by the Company (see Figures 3 and 4).
Details of the property tenures are as follows:
1.
Federal unpatented lode mining claims (approximately 177 hectares): Lease dated April 21, 2003 having a term of 10 years and so long thereafter as mining, processing, construction of mine facilities or exploration activities continue. Advance royalties of USD 50,000 are payable on or before April 21, 2007, and each subsequent anniversary until production commences. The Company will pay a net smelter return production royalty of 2% or 3% (depending upon the gold price). The production royalty may be reduced by 1% (to 1% or 2%) upon payment of USD 1,000,000. The lease may be terminated at any time upon notice by the Company.
2.
Alaska State Lands (AMHLT) (approximately 1,466.5 hectares): Lease dated July 1, 2004 having an initial term of 3 years, subject to extension for two periods of 3 years each, and thereafter so long as commercial production from the leased areas continues. The Company is required to incur work expenditures of USD 10 per acre per year in each of the first 3 years, USD 20 per acre in each of years 4 to 6, and USD 30 per acre in each of years 7 to 9 and pay advance royalties of USD 5 per acre per year in the first 3 years, USD 15 per acre per year in years 4 to 6, and USD 25 per acre per year in years 7 to 9, until commercial production commences. The Company will pay a net smelter return production royalty of between 2.5% and 5% (depending upon the gold price). In addition, the Company will pay a net smelter return production royalty of 1% on production from certain land leased by the Company from others and 1% or 0.5% (depending upon the gold price) on certain other land leased from others. The lease may be terminated by the Company on 90 days notice.
3.
Alaska State mining claims (approximately 2,675 hectares): Binding Letter of Intent to Lease dated September 11, 2006, which provides for a Lease having an initial term of 10 years. Lease payments of USD 50,000 per year are payable for years 2 to 5 and USD 100,000 per year for years 6 to 10. Work expenditures of USD 100,000 in year 1, USD 200,000 per year in each of years 2 to 5 and USD 300,000 per year in years 6 to 10 are required. The Company will pay a net smelter return production royalty of 2% to 5% (depending upon the gold price). The interest of the Lessors (including the production royalty) may be purchased at any time for USD 10,000,000. The lease may be terminated at any time upon 30 days notice by the Company.
4.
Patented Lot: Lease is dated January 18, 2007 and covers three patented federal claims (approximately 20.25 hectares). The initial term is ten years, and for so long thereafter as the Company pays the Lessors the minimum royalties required under the lease. The lease required a bonus payment of USD 10,000 on signing (paid), and minimum royalties of USD 10,000 on or before January 18, 2008, USD 10,000 on or before January 18, 2009, USD 10,000 on or before January 18, 2010 and an additional USD 20,000 on or before each of January 18, 2011 through January 18, 2016 and an additional USD 25,000 on each subsequent January 18 thereafter during the term (all of which minimum royalties are recoverable from production royalties). An NSR production royalty of 3% is payable to the Lessors. The Company may purchase all interest of the Lessors in the Leased property (including the production royalty) for USD 1,000,000 (less all minimum and production royalties paid to the date of purchase), of which USD 500,000 is payable in cash over 4 years following the closing of the purchase and the balance of USD 500,000 is payable by way of the 3% NSR production royalty.
5.
6 Federal claims (approximately 47.7 hectares): Lease is dated March 28, 2007 and covers two unpatented federal lode mining claims and four unpatented federal placer claims. The lease has an initial term of ten years, commencing on March 28, 2007, and for so long thereafter as mining related activities are carried out. The Lease requires payment of advance royalties of USD 3,000 on execution (paid), USD 5,000 on or before March 28, 2009, USD 10,000 on or before March 28, 2010 and an additional USD 15,000 on or before each subsequent March 28 thereafter during the initial term (all of which minimum royalties are recoverable from production royalties). The Company is required to pay the lessor the sum of USD 250,000 upon making a positive production decision. An NSR production royalty of 2% is payable to the lessor. The Company may purchase all interest of the lessor in the leased property (including the production royalty) for USD 1,000,000.
The Livengood property is located approximately 110 kilometres northwest of Fairbanks, Alaska in the Tolovana Mining District within the Tintina Gold Belt (See Figure 3). The property straddles the paved Elliot Highway. The project area is covered with a network of existing dirt roads and trails facilitating exploration access.
The main area of interest at Livengood is centered on a hill named Money Knob. The property has been prospected and explored by several companies and private individuals since the 1970’s. Past exploration data is not available except from the most recent work conducted by AngloGold. Geochemical surveys by AngloGold in 2003 and 2004 outlined an approximately 1.6 x 0.6 kilometre area with highly anomalous gold in soil. Furthermore, scattered anomalous samples occur along strike to the northeast and southwest for an additional 2.0 and 1.6 kilometres, respectively. Subsequently, a campaign of eight reverse circulation drill holes was conducted by AngloGold in 2003 and a further four diamond core holes were drilled by AngloGold in 2004. Over the past two years, exploration by the Company has been aimed at assessing this area of mineralization through drilling diamond core and reverse circulation holes.
Rocks at Livengood are part of the Livengood Terrane, an east-;west belt, approximately 240 kilometres long, consisting of tectonically interleaved assemblages of various ages. These assemblages include the Amy Creek Assemblage consisting of latest Proterozoic and early Paleozoic basalt, mudstone, chert, dolomite, and limestone. In thrust contact above the Amy Creek Assemblage lies an early Cambrian ophiolite sequence of mafic and ultramafic sea floor rocks. Structurally above these rocks lies a sequence of Devonian shale, siltstone, conglomerate, volcanic, and volcaniclastic rocks which are the dominant host to the mineralization currently under exploration at Livengood. The Devonian assemblage is overthrust by more Cambrian ophiolite rocks. All of these rocks are intruded by Cretaceous multiphase monzonite, diorite, and syenite stocks, dikes, and sills. Gold mineralization is believed to be related to this intrusive event.
![[exhibit1003.jpg]](exhibit1003.jpg)
Figure 3: Overview of the Company’s Property Holdings at Livengood
![[exhibit1004.jpg]](exhibit1004.jpg)
Figure 4: Details of the Individual Claims around Money Knob
Gold mineralization occurs in two styles: as multistage fine quartz veins occurring in all lithologies (commonly near intrusive dikes and sills), and as diffuse mineralization within volcanic, intrusive, sedimentary, and mafic-ultramafic rocks without a clear quartz vein association. Mineralization is interpreted to be intrusion-related and has an arsenic-antimony geochemical association. Thrust-fold architecture is apparently key to providing pathways for magma (dikes and sills) and hydrothermal fluid.
Since the acquisition of the project from AngloGold in August 2006, the Company has carried out exploration programs, including mapping, soil sampling and drilling consisting of approximately 7,678 additional metres of diamond drilling and 28,614 metres of reverse circulation drilling. Work to date has indicated that anomalous gold in soil samples occurs in a northeast trend cover an area of approximately 6 x 2 kilometres with a principal concentration of surface anomalies in a smaller area measuring approximately 1.6 x 0.8 kilometres. Drilling by past companies, AngloGold and the Company has identified wide intervals (greater than 100 metres at greater than or equal to 1.0 g/t gold) of gold mineralization with local higher grade narrow intervals beneath the soil anomaly and in rocks beneath thrust surfaces which are not expressed geochemically at the surface. The possibility exists that more mineralization occurs over broader areas than the soil anomaly but is hidden beneath thrust faults.
Details of the results of the 2008 drilling and trenching program (to November 18, 2008) are shown in Table 1. Figure 5 shows the distribution of the drill holes and the status of assaying as at November 18, 2008.
Table 1: All Significant 2008 Drill Intercepts, Livengood Project, Alaska
(using a 0.25g/t cutoff with a maximum of 3 metres of internal waste) | ||||
Hole Number | From (metres) | To (metres) | Length (metres) | g/t Gold |
Reverse Circulation Holes | ||||
MK-RC-0001 | 138.68 | 204.22 | 65.54 | 1.56 |
includes | 153.92 | 160.02 | 6.10 | 5.92 |
includes | 182.88 | 190.50 | 7.62 | 4.82 |
MK-RC-0002 | 134.11 | 149.35 | 15.24 | 2.20 |
153.92 | 167.64 | 13.72 | 1.38 | |
| 271.27 | 333.76 | 62.49 | 0.60 |
MK-RC-0003 | 115.82 | 140.21 | 24.39 | 0.62 |
MK-RC-0004 | 0.00 | 62.48 | 62.48 | 0.47 |
| 102.11 | 108.20 | 6.09 | 0.83 |
112.78 | 132.59 | 19.81 | 0.82 | |
MK-RC-0005 | 1.52 | 33.53 | 32.01 | 1.63 |
includes | 12.19 | 15.24 | 3.05 | 7.27 |
MK-RC-0006 | 214.88 | 259.08 | 44.20 | 0.67 |
| 289.56 | 315.47 | 25.91 | 0.62 |
| 330.71 | 350.52 | 19.81 | 0.81 |
MK-RC-0007 | 25.91 | 71.63 | 45.72 | 1.43 |
includes | 44.20 | 50.29 | 6.09 | 7.69 |
| 128.02 | 187.45 | 59.43 | 1.99 |
includes | 128.02 | 132.59 | 4.57 | 13.70 |
includes | 160.02 | 164.59 | 4.57 | 2.77 |
MK-RC-0008 | 10.67 | 210.31 | 199.64 | 1.44 |
includes | 88.39 | 118.87 | 30.48 | 4.11 |
MK-RC-0009 | 62.48 | 100.58 | 38.10 | 0.58 |
| 109.73 | 128.02 | 18.29 | 0.72 |
| 170.69 | 193.55 | 22.86 | 0.54 |
MK-RC-0010 | 146.30 | 172.21 | 25.91 | 0.78 |
MK-RC-0011 | 7.62 | 36.58 | 28.96 | 0.44 |
| 65.53 | 205.74 | 140.21 | 1.00 |
includes | 114.30 | 118.87 | 4.57 | 5.92 |
MK-RC-0012 | 99.06 | 126.49 | 27.43 | 0.79 |
138.68 | 274.32 | 135.64 | 0.56 | |
MK-RC-0013 | 115.82 | 123.44 | 7.62 | 4.49 |
includes | 118.87 | 121.92 | 3.05 | 10.59 |
| 131.06 | 195.07 | 64.01 | 0.74 |
MK-RC-0014 | 181.36 | 185.93 | 4.57 | 0.71 |
MK-RC-0015 |
| no significant results |
| |
MK-RC-0016 |
| no significant results |
| |
MK-RC-0017 | 60.96 | 67.06 | 6.10 | 1.01 |
| 102.11 | 155.45 | 53.34 | 0.73 |
MK-RC-0018 | 71.63 | 82.30 | 10.67 | 0.45 |
| 111.25 | 118.87 | 7.62 | 0.98 |
| 137.16 | 146.30 | 9.14 | 0.88 |
MK-RC-0019 | 1.52 | 15.24 | 13.72 | 0.37 |
MK-RC-0020 | 0.00 | 24.38 | 24.38 | 0.53 |
| 76.20 | 91.44 | 15.24 | 0.72 |
| 140.21 | 172.21 | 32.00 | 0.62 |
MK-RC-0021 | 4.57 | 24.38 | 19.81 | 0.60 |
| 118.87 | 129.54 | 10.67 | 0.65 |
| 146.30 | 156.97 | 10.67 | 0.88 |
MK-RC-0022 | 243.84 | 269.75 | 25.91 | 0.52 |
MK-RC-0023 | 74.68 | 89.92 | 15.24 | 1.18 |
includes | 76.20 | 79.25 | 3.05 | 4.17 |
| 114.30 | 181.36 | 67.06 | 0.95 |
| 196.60 | 254.51 | 57.91 | 2.51 |
includes | 230.12 | 236.22 | 6.10 | 17.64 |
MK-RC-0024 | 102.11 | 152.40 | 50.29 | 1.38 |
includes | 138.68 | 144.78 | 6.10 | 6.52 |
MK-RC-0025 | 106.68 | 123.44 | 16.76 | 0.50 |
| 201.17 | 213.36 | 12.19 | 0.66 |
MK-RC-0026 | 50.29 | 70.10 | 19.81 | 1.03 |
MK-RC-0027 | 0.00 | 9.14 | 9.14 | 1.07 |
79.25 | 100.58 | 21.33 | 0.72 | |
MK-RC-0028 | 3.05 | 7.62 | 4.57 | 1.11 |
| 41.15 | 48.77 | 7.62 | 0.73 |
| 51.82 | 57.91 | 6.09 | 0.97 |
MK-RC-0029 |
| Assays Pending |
| |
MK-RC-0030 | 89.92 | 126.49 | 36.57 | 0.73 |
| 132.59 | 202.69 | 70.10 | 0.83 |
| 0.00 | 13.72 | 13.72 | 1.19 |
MK-RC-0031 | 0.00 | 15.24 | 15.24 | 2.00 |
includes | 9.14 | 15.24 | 6.10 | 3.38 |
| 42.67 | 204.22 | 161.55 | 1.02 |
includes | 170.69 | 173.74 | 3.05 | 7.07 |
MK-RC-0032 | 33.53 | 57.91 | 24.38 | 0.43 |
MK-RC-0033 | 137.16 | 225.55 | 88.39 | 0.63 |
249.94 | 288.04 | 38.10 | 1.33 | |
MK-RC-0034 | 199.64 | 230.12 | 30.48 | 1.13 |
| 245.36 | 284.99 | 39.63 | 1.94 |
includes | 272.80 | 277.37 | 4.57 | 8.33 |
| 291.08 | 303.28 | 12.20 | 1.29 |
MK-RC-0035 | 201.17 | 265.18 | 64.01 | 0.81 |
283.46 | 312.42 | 28.96 | 0.40 | |
MK-RC-0036 | 91.44 | 117.35 | 25.91 | 0.72 |
| 121.92 | 192.02 | 70.10 | 0.64 |
| 222.50 | 259.08 | 36.58 | 0.75 |
MK-RC-0037 | 202.69 | 231.65 | 28.96 | 1.32 |
| 249.94 | 295.66 | 45.72 | 0.58 |
MK-RC-0038 | 86.87 | 99.06 | 12.19 | 0.38 |
MK-RC-0039 | 18.29 | 44.20 | 25.91 | 3.35 |
includes | 18.29 | 27.43 | 9.14 | 8.59 |
| 59.44 | 67.06 | 7.62 | 4.25 |
includes | 64.01 | 65.53 | 1.52 | 18.55 |
| 132.59 | 190.50 | 57.91 | 1.30 |
| 210.31 | 277.37 | 67.06 | 0.53 |
MK-RC-0040 | 249.94 | 310.90 | 60.96 | 0.80 |
MK-RC-0041 | 39.62 | 70.10 | 30.48 | 0.69 |
| 83.82 | 153.92 | 70.10 | 0.74 |
MK-RC-0042 | 57.91 | 74.68 | 16.77 | 0.92 |
| 175.26 | 227.08 | 51.82 | 0.41 |
MK-RC-0043 | 48.77 | 80.77 | 32.00 | 0.83 |
| 85.34 | 117.35 | 32.01 | 1.04 |
| 118.87 | 228.60 | 109.73 | 1.42 |
includes | 129.54 | 137.16 | 7.62 | 4.24 |
includes | 155.45 | 156.97 | 1.52 | 22.60 |
MK-RC-0044 | 97.54 | 124.97 | 27.43 | 0.84 |
129.54 | 141.73 | 12.19 | 2.91 | |
| 152.40 | 164.59 | 12.19 | 0.62 |
| 167.64 | 195.07 | 27.43 | 0.61 |
MK-RC-0045 | 80.77 | 103.63 | 22.86 | 1.79 |
includes | 82.30 | 88.39 | 6.09 | 4.60 |
| 109.73 | 129.54 | 19.81 | 0.76 |
| 134.11 | 257.56 | 123.45 | 1.04 |
MK-RC-0046 | 53.34 | 112.78 | 59.44 | 0.90 |
115.82 | 146.30 | 30.48 | 0.83 | |
| 236.22 | 266.70 | 30.48 | 0.64 |
MK-RC-0047 | 188.98 | 222.50 | 33.52 | 0.60 |
227.08 | 262.13 | 35.05 | 0.91 | |
MK-RC-0048 | 204.22 | 262.13 | 57.91 | 0.92 |
MK-RC-0049 | 68.58 | 86.87 | 18.29 | 0.54 |
| 182.88 | 225.55 | 42.67 | 0.50 |
MK-RC-0050 | 178.31 | 265.18 | 79.25 | 1.16 |
includes | 192.02 | 204.22 | 12.20 | 1.95 |
MK-RC-0051 | 147.83 | 173.74 | 25.91 | 0.57 |
MK-RC-0052 | 3.05 | 36.58 | 33.53 | 0.85 |
| 106.68 | 115.82 | 9.14 | 1.30 |
| 205.74 | 249.94 | 44.20 | 0.74 |
MK-RC-0053 | 109.73 | 153.92 | 44.19 | 0.71 |
includes | 128.02 | 138.68 | 10.66 | 1.23 |
MK-RC-0054 | 181.36 | 251.46 | 70.10 | 0.81 |
| 227.08 | 237.74 | 10.66 | 1.63 |
includes | 254.51 | 323.09 | 68.58 | 0.61 |
MK-RC-0055 | 88.39 | 114.30 | 25.91 | 0.65 |
MK-RC-0056 | 117.35 | 128.02 | 10.67 | 1.48 |
170.69 | 188.98 | 18.29 | 0.65 | |
MK-RC-0057 | 85.34 | 86.87 | 1.53 | 0.54 |
| 167.64 | 182.88 | 15.24 | 1.49 |
| 167.64 | 173.74 | 6.10 | 3.04 |
| 193.55 | 216.41 | 22.86 | 0.76 |
MK-RC-0058 |
| No Significant Results |
| |
MK-RC-0059 | 182.88 | 199.64 | 16.76 | 0.66 |
MK-RC-0060 | 111.25 | 117.35 | 6.10 | 4.14 |
| 163.07 | 178.31 | 15.24 | 0.87 |
| 196.60 | 228.60 | 32.00 | 0.58 |
| 254.51 | 336.80 | 82.29 | 1.10 |
MK-RC-0061 | 140.21 | 146.30 | 6.09 | 1.02 |
| 225.55 | 245.36 | 19.81 | 0.76 |
MK-RC-0062 | 30.48 | 35.05 | 4.57 | 3.02 |
| 56.39 | 57.91 | 1.52 | 17.95 |
| 187.45 | 234.70 | 47.25 | 0.67 |
includes | 205.74 | 225.55 | 19.81 | 1.09 |
MK-RC-0063 | 251.46 | 257.56 | 6.10 | 2.73 |
| 262.13 | 263.65 | 1.52 | 0.27 |
| 324.61 | 338.33 | 13.72 | 0.68 |
MK-RC-0064 | 170.69 | 332.23 | 161.54 | 1.32 |
includes | 187.45 | 213.36 | 25.91 | 2.10 |
includes | 231.65 | 243.84 | 12.19 | 1.75 |
| 339.85 | 364.24 | 24.39 | 0.70 |
MK-RC-0065 | 170.69 | 185.93 | 15.24 | 0.78 |
| 196.60 | 257.56 | 60.96 | 1.04 |
MK-RC-0066 | 170.69 | 265.18 | 94.49 | 0.60 |
MK-RC-0067 | 96.01 | 123.44 | 27.43 | 1.35 |
| 170.69 | 201.17 | 30.48 | 0.64 |
| 208.79 | 243.84 | 35.05 | 0.65 |
| 288.04 | 301.75 | 13.71 | 0.85 |
MK-RC-0068 | 205.74 | 288.04 | 82.30 | 0.84 |
includes | 213.36 | 237.74 | 24.38 | 1.35 |
MK-RC-0069 | 88.39 | 111.25 | 22.86 | 0.97 |
| 132.59 | 144.78 | 12.19 | 1.24 |
| 192.02 | 198.12 | 6.10 | 1.23 |
| 202.69 | 256.03 | 53.34 | 1.01 |
MK-RC-0070 | 129.54 | 144.78 | 15.24 | 0.73 |
| 176.78 | 280.42 | 103.64 | 0.74 |
MK-RC-0071 | 137.16 | 301.75 | 164.59 | 1.54 |
includes | 153.92 | 222.50 | 68.58 | 2.36 |
MK-RC-0072 | 126.49 | 141.73 | 15.24 | 0.85 |
| 146.30 | 175.26 | 28.96 | 0.79 |
| 178.31 | 199.64 | 21.33 | 1.10 |
| 208.79 | 260.60 | 51.81 | 0.99 |
MK-RC-0073 | 181.36 | 207.26 | 25.90 | 0.74 |
| 213.36 | 239.27 | 25.91 | 0.57 |
| 265.18 | 277.37 | 12.19 | 1.12 |
| 292.61 | 332.23 | 39.62 | 0.83 |
MK-RC-0074 | 96.01 | 129.54 | 33.53 | 1.15 |
MK-RC-0077 | far NW step out -; no significant results | |||
MK-RC-0081 | 123.44 | 163.07 | 39.63 | 0.83 |
includes | 128.02 | 147.83 | 19.81 | 1.43 |
| 170.69 | 214.88 | 44.19 | 1.08 |
| 219.46 | 239.27 | 19.81 | 0.75 |
MK-RC-0082 | 22.86 | 32.00 | 9.14 | 5.00 |
| 131.06 | 179.83 | 48.77 | 1.14 |
| 198.12 | 217.93 | 19.81 | 2.27 |
| 243.84 | 291.08 | 47.24 | 0.68 |
MK-RC-0086 | Lost hole at 36 metres | |||
MK-RC-0094 | 132.59 | 181.36 | 48.77 | 1.67 |
| 192.02 | 225.55 | 33.53 | 1.32 |
| 283.46 | 329.18 | 45.72 | 0.67 |
Core Holes | ||||
MK-08-27 | 36.79 | 52.42 | 15.63 | 1.06 |
MK-08-28 | 100.25 | 117.53 | 17.28 | 0.67 |
| 188.26 | 202.80 | 14.54 | 0.95 |
MK-08-29 | 149.35 | 154.78 | 5.43 | 1.67 |
MK-08-30 | 52.73 | 61.87 | 9.14 | 3.53 |
68.77 | 82.19 | 13.42 | 2.31 | |
| 127.90 | 170.08 | 42.18 | 1.21 |
includes | 316.56 | 327.36 | 10.80 | 1.78 |
MK-08-31 | 80.77 | 108.06 | 27.29 | 4.83 |
includes | 86.87 | 101.83 | 14.96 | 7.96 |
184.71 | 190.81 | 6.10 | 4.66 | |
195.58 | 199.95 | 4.37 | 1.79 | |
271.73 | 277.36 | 5.63 | 1.85 | |
310.38 | 350.42 | 40.04 | 0.99 | |
includes | 316.56 | 327.36 | 10.80 | 1.78 |
MK-08-32 | 147.22 | 148.96 | 1.74 | 36.80 |
213.55 | 247.35 | 33.80 | 0.93 | |
250.70 | 259.08 | 8.38 | 0.82 | |
Trenches | ||||
MK-08-TR01 | 0.00 | 16.61 | 16.61 | 0.64 |
MK-08-TR02 | 0.00 | 18.29 | 18.29 | 0.90 |
MK-08-TR03 | 1.07 | 4.11 | 3.04 | 0.76 |
MK-08-TR04 | 9.75 | 12.65 | 2.90 | 1.01 |
![[exhibit1006.jpg]](exhibit1006.jpg)
Figure 5: Plan map showing distribution of ITH drilling and status of assaying as at 13 November 2008.
The four new holes that have continuous intercepts of greater than 50 meters with grades in excess of 1g/t gold are labelled.
The project has had no definitive metallurgical work, although preliminary work on deeper sulphide mineralization in the volcanics indicates that gold occurs as native gold associated with the pyrite phase of mineralization. The gold commonly occurs as individual grains or as embayments or, less commonly, as inclusions in the sulphide grains, with preliminary cyanide solubility of approximately 60% from this un-oxidized material. Additional test results from a broader spectrum of ore types, including the oxide ores, are pending.
Drill results up to September 27, 2008 have been used by Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng (BC) of Giroux Consultants Ltd., an independent consultant, to estimate a resource for the Money Knob area. Full details of the resource calculation are contained in the technical report dated October 28, 2008 entitled ";October 2008 Summary Report on the Livengood Project, Tolovana District, Alaska"; by Paul Klipfel, Ph.D., CPG#10821 and Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. (BC). Messrs Klipfel and Giroux are independent consultants to the Company. Readers of this Annual Report are encouraged to review the entire technical report, which is filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov.
The estimated resource tonnage varies significantly according to the choice of cutoff grade. A range of tonnes and grade have been estimated (Tables 2 and 3). Mineralization has not been closed off in any direction but has not been followed to the north of the Lillian Fault.
Table 2: Livengood Indicated Resource -; October, 2008
Gold Cutoff (g/t) | Tonnes (millions) | Gold (g/t) | Silver (g/t) |
0.70 | 36.37 | 1.06 | 0.26 |
0.50 | 69.53 | 0.83 | 0.27 |
0.30 | 138.54 | 0.61 | 0.29 |
Table 3: Livengood Inferred Resource -; October, 2008
Gold Cutoff (g/t) | Tonnes (millions) | Gold (g/t) | Silver (g/t) |
0.70 | 42.78 | 0.96 | 0.14 |
0.50 | 87.88 | 0.77 | 0.19 |
0.30 | 205.78 | 0.55 | 0.23 |
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and there is no assurance that any mineral resources will ultimately be reclassified as proven or probable reserves. Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. U.S. Investors should read the ";Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Reserve and Resource Estimates"; above concerning the difference between ";resources"; and ";reserves";.
The 2008 drilling program is now completed (although not all assays have been received) and the Company has begun the process of winterizing the project for a February 2009 start-up. The Company has now advanced the Livengood project to the point it believes that that scoping or pre-feasibility studies should be a goal. Toward this end, the Company is proposing the following activities for the 2009 exploration program:
1.
Continue step out drilling to identify the extent of mineralization, particularly:
(a)
to the north of the Lillian Fault,
(b)
down dip of currently identified mineralization, and
(c)
to the southwest along the trend of the surface geochemical anomaly.
2.
Continue systematic drilling on lines 75 metres apart and at 75 metre spacing along those lines to:
(a)
improve continuity of mineralization over a broader area, particularly in areas that are now categorized as an inferred resource, and
(b)
improve understanding of the structural relations and architecture that hosts the deposit.
3.
Utilize 3D modeling software to model the structural architecture. This should help understand the mineralization better and offer predictive capabilities for exploration.
4.
Continue and advance metallurgical, ore characterization, and mineral processing studies.
5.
Undertake environmental base line studies.
6.
Assess geotechnical characteristics of the mineralized zone.
7.
Initiate a scoping study that evaluates the basic economic, logistic, and processing factors for a mining operation at Livengood.
The Company plans to have a two phase drill program in 2009, including a 7,000 meter winter program (commencing in February, 2009) and a minimum 10,000 meter summer program (commencing in July, 2009), that will focus on expansions of the known deposit and testing new high priority targets at the property. The anticipated expenditure in connection with the 2009 program is approximately $6,618,000 (see Table 4), allocated primarily to drilling and geological analysis of the deposit.
Table 4: Proposed 2009 Budget for Livengood Property
Expenditure | $(000) | Comments |
Land | 165 | Claim and lease fees |
Geological and Contract Services | 1,105 | Contract/consulting fees |
Drilling | 3,481 | Drilling, supplies, preparation, hole abandonment |
Geochemistry | 675 | Rock, soil, drill core and cuttings, prep and assay |
Admin and Operations | 1,192 | Office, salaries, travel, reporting, permitting |
TOTAL | 6,618 |
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $10,197,854 in the acquisition (including property payments), maintenance and exploration of the Livengood Project.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at Livengood. The Livengood property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at Livengood are exploratory in nature.
Terra Property, McGrath District
The Terra property consists of 240 Alaska State mining claims, comprising approximately 15,552 hectares. The Company owns 235 of the state claims 100% (approximately 15,228 hectares), with an additional 5 state claims held under lease from an individual (approximately 324 hectares).
The lease is of the 5 claims from the individual is dated March 22, 2005 and has an initial term of 10 years and so long thereafter as the Company pays the required minimum royalties. Minimum royalties are payable as follows: USD 50,000 on or before March 22, 2007, USD 75,000 on or before March 22, 2008, USD 100,000 on or before March 22, 2009 and each subsequent anniversary until March 22, 2015 and USD 125,000 on each subsequent anniversary thereafter. The Company will pay a NSR production royalty of 3% or 4% on gold and silver (depending upon the gold price) and 4% on all other minerals. The production royalty may be reduced by 1% (to 2% or 4%) upon payment of USD 1,000,000 and by a further 1% (to 1% or 2%) upon payment of an additional USD 3,000,000. The lease may be terminated at any time upon notice by the Company.
The Terra project is located in the mountainous headwaters of the Hartman River in the Alaska Range, south-central Alaska in the Mt McKinley Recording District (See Figure 6). The property lies approximately 212 kilometres west-northwest of Anchorage and is accessible via helicopter or fixed-wing aircraft. An approximately 600 metre gravel airstrip on-site allows access for light aircraft. The steep topography of the area requires use of helicopters for daily access to mapping locations and drill sites.
![[exhibit1007.jpg]](exhibit1007.jpg)
Figure 6: Location map showing the location of the Terra project.
The property is centered on a series of gold-bearing bonanza style quartz veins. To date the Company has drilled 32 drill holes on the Terra project for a total of 5,200 metres. The veins occur primarily in a ±150 metres wide, subvertical diorite ";dike"; that is interpreted to be part of the Hartman intrusive suite. The dike intrudes Jurassic to Cretaceous Kahiltna Terrane sedimentary rocks consisting of shale, phyllite, siltstone, and minor conglomerate and carbonate. The sedimentary host rocks have undergone multiple stages of deformation prior to intrusion, with the principle deformation being a fold-thrust style. The host intrusive rocks are late Cretaceous age (67 Ma) diorite to quartz monzonite. Currently, mineralization has been defined in drilling over a strike length of 5 kilometres returning many anomalous rock samples highlighting the property’s gold potential, where the average grade of all rock samples collected to date exceeds 10 g/t gold (over 750 samples).
The Company has not undertaken any mineral processing or metallurgical tests. However, AngloGold undertook an initial gold characterization study. Sample number DC123679 from drill hole TR 05-12, 190.65 -; 191.11, was crushed to liberate gold for examination. Gold fineness ranges from 630-780 and 98.6% of the gold reported to the gravity concentrate with 79% partitioning into a gold concentrate and 10% reporting to a sulphide concentrate. The balance reported to middling and tails. It was concluded that gravity would be the best method to recover gold from this material. This information is based on a small sample set but provides some initial information.
Reconnaissance sampling and mapping by AngloGold in 2004 and 2005 identified three other areas on the property with anomalous gold in rock, soil, and stream sediment samples. At least one of these areas consists of more bonanza veins and includes discovery of the Ice Vein.
AngloGold drilled 12 diamond core holes in 2005 to test the subsurface continuity of outcropping veins. In two zones, drill holes intersected high grade veins and numerous gold-bearing smaller veins. In the third zone, no veins were intersected indicating that fold and/or fault controls exist that need to be resolved. Samples of vein material from outcrop and drill core contain up to several hundred g/t gold (the highest being 960 g/t) although most samples contain more modest values (see Table 5).
The Company undertook drilling in 2006 and 2007 with the aim of testing mineralized vein zones along strike and down dip. A total of 3617 metres in 18 HQ diamond drill core holes were completed. An additional 2 diamond drill holes were started, but abandoned in the overburden due to drilling problems. Most of the drill holes (20) tested the Ben Vein down dip to 350 metres below the outcrop exposure and along at least 400 metres of strike, returning an average grade over a nominal 1 metre width of approximately 19 g/t gold with the vein system remaining open along strike and at depth. Every hole drilled into the Ben Vein by the Company to date hit the vein system as projected and 70% had greater than 10 g/t over a minimum of 1 metre. The drill-tested portion of the Ben Vein shows the vein open to the north and at depth. The vein appears to pinch out to the south.
Additionally, a new vein discovery on the south end of the Terra trend, called the Ice Vein, was initially drill tested in 2007. The vein characteristics at Ice are similar to those at Ben although its silver to gold ratio is much higher and its elevation is about 400 metres higher.
These results, along with the open ended nature of the mineralization, indicate the vein systems on the Terra project have good continuity and may constitute potential mining targets. The results to date on the Ben Vein and elsewhere on the property are listed below (Table 5) and demonstrate the nature of the gold mineralization in this region.
TABLE 5: Important Au-bearing Intercepts in 2006-2007 Drilling at Terra
All widths are apparent widths.
Hole ID | Depth (m) | From (m) | To (m) | Width (m) | Grade (g/t) | Comments |
TR-06-16 | 360.43 | 80.31 | 80.71 | 0.40 | 15.30 |
|
| 89.92 | 90.22 | 0.30 | 3.68 | ||
| 119.42 | 121.62 | 2.20 | 7.12 | Ben Vein | |
| 171.24 | 171.45 | 0.21 | 4.99 | ||
| 172.21 | 172.85 | 0.64 | 3.34 | ||
| 324.61 | 326.60 | 1.99 | 13.90 | ||
| ||||||
TR-06-17 | 283.16 | 40.23 | 40.69 | 0.46 | 5.62 |
|
| 98.66 | 99.06 | 0.40 | 2.14 | ||
| 128.69 | 132.89 | 4.20 | 22.24 | Ben Vein | |
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-18 | 312.12 | 69.23 | 69.60 | 0.37 | 8.96 | |
| 121.06 | 121.61 | 0.55 | 3.16 | ||
| 125.00 | 125.40 | 0.40 | 14.95 | ||
| 147.90 | 149.01 | 1.11 | 4.47 | Ben Vein | |
| 205.45 | 205.75 | 0.30 | 3.57 | ||
| 290.62 | 292.20 | 1.58 | 3.77 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-19 | 1299.2 | 67.45 | 67.74 | 0.29 | 3.41 | |
| 144.53 | 144.83 | 0.30 | 5.14 | Ben Vein | |
| 147.62 | 148.13 | 0.51 | 3.37 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-20 | 345.64 | 34.86 | 35.12 | 0.26 | 60.60 | |
| 39.62 | 40.25 | 0.63 | 12.80 | ||
| 47.18 | 47.93 | 0.75 | 10.42 | ||
| 49.57 | 50.8 | 1.23 | 4.10 | ||
| 121.22 | 121.62 | 0.40 | 4.19 | ||
| 125.70 | 127.51 | 1.81 | 4.08 | ||
| 128.58 | 131.34 | 2.76 | 7.72 | Ben Vein | |
| 132.40 | 132.62 | 0.22 | 4.75 | ||
| 134.11 | 134.72 | 0.61 | 4.40 | ||
| 139.78 | 139.98 | 0.20 | 17.90 | ||
| 142.07 | 142.37 | 0.30 | 7.74 | ||
| 155.41 | 155.95 | 0.54 | 3.09 | ||
| 319.74 | 320.34 | 0.60 | 43.20 | ||
| 323.05 | 323.27 | 0.22 | 15.95 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-21 | 246.43 | 39.84 | 40.04 | 0.20 | 7.48 | |
| 95.71 | 96.00 | 0.29 | 3.54 | ||
| 120.55 | 120.77 | 0.22 | 4.12 | ||
| 155.49 | 156.65 | 1.16 | 12.22 | ||
| 158.65 | 159.40 | 0.75 | 3.12 | ||
| 176.32 | 177.00 | 0.68 | 3.50 | Ben Vein | |
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-22 | 184.1 | 74.37 | 74.64 | 0.27 | 13.80 | |
| 107.12 | 107.60 | 0.48 | 14.81 | ||
| 122.45 | 122.75 | 0.30 | 8.75 | ||
| 134.35 | 134.87 | 0.52 | 4.00 | ||
| 137.60 | 138.38 | 0.78 | 14.51 | ||
| 155.45 | 155.94 | 0.49 | 61.07 | Ben Vein | |
| 158.53 | 158.76 | 0.23 | 3.10 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-23 | 200.41 | 66.97 | 67.17 | 0.20 | 4.71 | |
| 107.14 | 107.75 | 0.61 | 3.78 | ||
| 123.66 | 123.96 | 0.30 | 3.41 | ||
| 173.64 | 176.63 | 2.99 | 4.57 | Ben Vein | |
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-24 | 250.85 | 124.12 | 124.36 | 0.24 | 5.02 | |
| 161.47 | 161.85 | 0.38 | 4.82 | ||
| 198.51 | 198.74 | 0.23 | 3.42 | ||
| 199.44 | 200.10 | 0.66 | 9.20 | Ben Vein | |
| 201.00 | 201.47 | 0.47 | 4.19 | ||
| 236.12 | 236.46 | 0.34 | 8.16 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-25 | 194.77 | 112.90 | 113.88 | 0.98 | 3.71 | |
| 162.15 | 163.04 | 0.89 | 25.33 | Ben Vein | |
| 170.55 | 171.00 | 0.45 | 12.02 | ||
| 175.16 | 175.36 | 0.20 | 3.68 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-26 | 98.76 | 52.62 | 53.05 | 0.43 | 18.39 | |
| 62.01 | 63.72 | 1.71 | 20.72 | Ben Vein | |
| 78.74 | 78.94 | 0.20 | 72.30 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-27 | 99.77 | 102.25 | 2.48 | 28.14 | Ben Vein | |
| 103.00 | 103.34 | 0.34 | 3.87 | ||
| 126.36 | 126.66 | 0.30 | 15.95 | ||
|
|
|
|
| ||
TR-07-28 | 131.37 | 109.51 | 109.73 | 0.22 | 11.45 | |
| 111.07 | 113.23 | 2.16 | 16.74 | Ben Vein | |
114.31 | 114.51 | 0.20 | 3.73 | |||
118.11 | 119.12 | 1.01 | 7.68 | |||
140.99 | 141.29 | 0.30 | 12.30 | |||
|
|
|
| |||
TR-07-29 | 176.94 | 23.33 | 24.00 | 0.67 | 6.76 | Ice Vein |
| 132.75 | 135.17 | 2.42 | 9.53 | ||
|
|
|
| |||
TR-07-30 | 185.93 | 3.96 | 4.46 | 0.50 | 4.47 | Ice Vein |
| 8.47 | 8.91 | 0.44 | 9.51 | ||
10.65 | 15.7 | 5.05 | 3.92 | |||
140.82 | 142.45 | 1.63 | 3.68 | |||
158.95 | 160.17 | 1.22 | 3.30 | |||
TR-07-31 | 179.22 | 61.11 | 61.41 | 0.30 | 3.97 | |
| 133.65 | 134.9 | 1.25 | 3.30 | ||
| 136.15 | 136.4 | 0.25 | 3.23 | ||
| 137.15 | 139.9 | 2.75 | 8.40 | Ben Vein | |
141.65 | 142.4 | 0.75 | 29.67 | |||
153.9 | 154.1 | 0.20 | 14.15 | |||
156.67 | 157.88 | 1.21 | 4.23 | |||
61.11 | 61.41 | 0.30 | 3.97 | |||
133.65 | 134.9 | 1.25 | 3.30 |
Two other areas have been identified with reconnaissance sampling and surface review. Samples and drill intercepts of veins (Fish Creek and SD) all contain gold mineralization and suggest that there is opportunity for additional new discoveries. North Fish Creek and Breese’s target areas have been downgraded; North Fish Creek because mineralization appears to be different to the rest of Terra veins and not of a type that is a priority for the Company; and Breese’s because gold mineralization is cryptic and access to the presumed source of the mineralized float is problematic being high in a cliff face.
Drill results up to the end of the 2007 field season have been used by Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng (BC) of Giroux Consultants Ltd., an independent consultant, to estimate an initial resource for the Ben Vein (Table 7). Full details of the resource calculation are contained in the technical report dated August 19, 2008 entitled ";Summary Report on the Terra Gold Project, McGrath District, Alaska"; by Paul Klipfel, Ph.D., CPG#10821, Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. (BC) and Chris Puchner, CPG#07048. Mr. Puchner is the Company’s Chief Geologist and Messrs Klipfel and Giroux are independent consultants to the Company. Readers of this Annual Report are encouraged to review the entire technical report, which is filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov.
Table 6: Ben Vein Zone Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate*
INFERRED RESOURCE WITHIN 1.0 g/t Gold SHELL | |||||
Gold Cutoff | Tonnes > Cutoff | Grade > Cutoff | Contained Metal | ||
(g/t) | (tonnes) | Gold (g/t) | Silver (g/t) | Gold (oz) | Silver (oz) |
5.00 | 428,000 | 12.20 | 23.11 | 168,000 | 318,000 |
6.00 | 402,000 | 12.64 | 24.02 | 163,000 | 310,000 |
7.00 | 383,000 | 12.95 | 24.72 | 159,000 | 304,000 |
8.00 | 364,000 | 13.22 | 25.33 | 155,000 | 296,000 |
9.00 | 335,000 | 13.63 | 26.50 | 147,000 | 285,000 |
10.00 | 292,000 | 14.22 | 27.97 | 134,000 | 263,000 |
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and there is no assurance that any mineral resources will ultimately be reclassified as proven or probable reserves. Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. U.S. Investors should read the ";Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Reserve and Resource Estimates"; above concerning the difference between ";resources"; and ";reserves";.
Exploration of the Terra property is at a relatively early stage. Identification of the number and extent of bonanza veins along with demonstration of their continuity will be key aspects of continued exploration. The Company proposes to continue drilling the northern strike and down-;dip extension of the Ben Vein as well as develop drill plans for the other veins in the trend. The identification of and map positioning of vein segments by using differential GPS ought to help map out those segments for better definition of continuity along individual veins particularly for Fish Creek and SD veins. This type of information, along with structural analyses, will provide a basis for follow-up drilling in these areas where a number of very high grade veins were encountered in 2005.
The proposed work program would include drilling, sampling, mapping, and structural analysis, and the aim of the program is be to:
1.
test the extent of known vein mineralization through drilling, mapping, and structural analysis;
2.
characterize mineralization in veins surrounding specific outcropping veins such as the Ben Vein; and
3.
continue to conduct reconnaissance mapping, sampling, and prospecting throughout the property.
Identification of faults and possible offset directions will likely play a key role in understanding the vein-intrusive-host rock relations and developing a predictive model for identifying the location and orientation of veins. Structural elements derived from fold-thrust deformation will likely produce the primary architecture. Overprinted features of subsequent deformation are likely to control the location of intrusions and the veins they host. Prospecting, mapping, and sampling will be utilized to attempt to locate the source of anomalous surface samples and characterize that mineralization.
The Company estimates that the proposed program (including 3000 meters of drilling) will cost approximately USD 2.92 million. The program and major budget items are summarized in Table 7.
Table 7: Projected Terra Program Budget (USD)
Project Administration | 286,829 |
Project Personnel | 358,216 |
Purchases & Expenses | 106,056 |
Direct Drilling Charges | 784,710 |
Helicopter Support | 272,000 |
Bulk Fuels | 120,700 |
Airplane Charter | 487,050 |
Excavating | 6,500 |
Motor Vehicles | 8,400 |
Equipment Lease/Rental | 91,990 |
Surface Transport | 7,873 |
Assays & Analyses | 122,008 |
Contingency | 265,233 |
Total (USD) | 2,917,565 |
The Company presently plans to focus its exploration activities on resource definition drilling at the Livengood Project. As a consequence, the only work at Terra in 2008 was, and for 2009 is planned to be, care and maintenance operations. The Company is actively seeking a partner to participate in the exploration at Terra so the camp and diamond drills will remain on site in case such a partnership is formed. The Company does not presently plan on carrying out the proposed program until such time as a joint venture partner has been secured.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $3,286,397 in the acquisition (including property payments), maintenance and exploration of the Terra Project.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at Terra. The Terra property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at Terra are exploratory in nature.
LMS Project, Goodpaster District
The LMS property consists of 92 Alaska State mining claims, comprising approximately 5,961 hectares, and is located 25 kilometres north of Delta Junction, Alaska and 125 kilometres southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska in the Goodpaster district (see Figure 7). The Company owns the property 100%.
Access from Fairbanks is via State Route 2 (Richardson Highway) to the point where the Alaska Pipeline and the highway cross the Tanana River. From here, the property can be accessed by boat. Travel is approximately 15 kilometres up the Tanana and Goodpaster Rivers to a landing near camp where people and supplies are ferried. Property access and provisioning is also via helicopter or via a well developed winter trail during winter months. Several trails have been constructed for the various phases of drilling and these allow good access to, and within the property. Travel on trails within the property is by 4-wheel drive.
![[exhibit1008.jpg]](exhibit1008.jpg)
Figure 7: Location map of Alaska showing the LMS property.
This part of the district has had no known previous exploration prior to regional reconnaissance surface sampling by AngloGold in 2004. Discovery of a gold-bearing outcrop (6.2 g/t gold) led to further sampling and drilling in 2005 which delineated two styles of gold mineralization, being gold within a folded, stratabound tabular zone consisting of silicified graphitic quartzite breccia; and high grade narrow veins. Mineralization within the graphitic quartzite breccia zone has been defined through drilling to a down-plunge depth of 500 metres. Along with the high-grade veins, this area is known as the Camp Zone and is situated at the southeast end of a 6 kilometre long, northwest-trending zone of aligned surface geochemical samples containing anomalous gold, arsenic and lesser silver and copper.
Rocks within the LMS project area lie within the Yukon-Tanana Terrane, a structurally complex, composite terrane that was accreted to North America in the mid to Late Cretaceous period. Mineralization in this region (including on the LMS property) is believed to be intrusion-related, even though no intrusive rocks, except for mafic dikes, have been identified on the property. Fluids derived from an intrusion at depth or at a distance laterally can migrate along structures to produce the observed veins and gold mineralization.
Exploration of the LMS property is at a relatively early stage with discovery and identification of the graphitic quartzite breccia and vein zone(s) extending from the surface to more than 500 metres down plunge. Drilling on the LMS property conducted in 2005 and 2006 by AngloGold and the Company has defined a tabular shallow dipping zone of gold mineralization hosted by a silicified, brecciated graphitic schist unit. The results from this drilling are shown in Table 9. The most recent intercepts at the property define a high-grade mineralized zone occurring within a thrust, faulted and folded block of schist and gneiss units. To date, a total of 36 drill holes (8,400 metres) have been completed on the LMS property, of which 24 holes (5,800 metres) have tested the Camp Zone. Significant intercepts include 2.8 metres @ 29.1 g/t gold in Hole LM-06-21, 4 metres @ 11.8 g/t gold in Hole LM-06-26 and 1.8 metres @ 706.8 g/t gold (including 0.8 metres @ 1540 g/t) in Hole LM-05-29. Highlights of results to date are shown in Table 8. The precise orientation of the mineralization is not known so the lengths given are down hole lengths and not true widths. All core from core holes was oriented which enabled collection of structural information. Considerable attention was applied to developing an understanding of the structural relations. No new drilling was undertaken in 2007 or 2008.
Table 8: LMS Significant Intercepts, project to date.
Hole ID | Total Depth (m) | From (m) | To (m) | Width (m) | Grade (g/t Au) | Target |
LM-05-01 | 91.4 | 1.5 | 32 | 30.48 | 1.1 | Camp Zone |
3.1 | 7.6 | 4.6 | 4.1 | " | ||
9.14 | 15.2 | 6.1 | 1.3 | " | ||
LM-05-02 | 109.7 | 7.62 | 12.2 | 4.6 | 1.1 | " |
25.91 | 29 | 3.1 | 3.8 | " | ||
25.91 | 27.4 | 1.5 | 7.3 | " | ||
LM-05-03 | 91.4 | 13.72 | 16.8 | 3 | 1.5 | Camp Zone, South |
LM-05-07 | 121.9 | 19.8 | 45.7 | 25.9 | 1.2 | Camp Zone |
27.4 | 35.1 | 7.6 | 2.5 | " | ||
LM-05-11 | 261 | 109.7 | 125 | 15.4 | 3.4 | Camp Zone |
109.7 | 114 | 3.8 | 1.4 | " | ||
121.9 | 125 | 3.2 | 13.7 | " | ||
140.7 | 143 | 2 | 1.8 | " | ||
LM-05-12 | 264.6 | 143 | 146 | 3.4 | 21.5 | Camp Zone |
144.2 | 146 | 2.1 | 32.4 | " | ||
158.8 | 160 | 0.9 | 1.7 | " | ||
171.8 | 173 | 1.5 | 49.3 | " | ||
LM-05-13 | 244.5 | 46.6 | 51.2 | 4.6 | 4 | Camp Zone |
46.6 | 48.2 | 1.5 | 5.2 | " | ||
53.8 | 56.4 | 2.6 | 2.1 | " | ||
LM-05-14 | 154.8 | 61.3 | 62.8 | 1.5 | 1.8 | Camp Zone |
96.9 | 99.8 | 2.9 | 1.7 | " | ||
LM-05-15 | 268.8 | 78 | 78.8 | 0.8 | 2 | Camp Zone, South |
LM-05-16 | 244.6 | 105.2 | 109 | 4.2 | 2 | Camp Zone, North |
LM-05-17 | 241.8 | 137.5 | 139 | 1.5 | 2.5 | Camp Zone |
LM-06-21 | 335 | 165.7 | 166 | 0.3 | 4.1 | Camp Zone |
213.6 | 215 | 1.7 | 2.1 | " | ||
213.6 | 214 | 0.6 | 3.6 | " | ||
215 | 215 | 0.3 | 3.3 | " | ||
227.4 | 228 | 0.6 | 3.4 | " | ||
279.2 | 281 | 1.7 | 2.8 | " | ||
279.2 | 280 | 0.3 | 10 | " | ||
279.5 | 281 | 1.4 | 1.3 | " | ||
295.7 | 297 | 1.5 | 5.1 | " | ||
295.7 | 296 | 0.5 | 13 | " | ||
296.9 | 297 | 0.4 | 3.6 | " | ||
299.9 | 303 | 2.8 | 29.1 | " | ||
302.1 | 303 | 0.7 | 117 | " | ||
308.8 | 309 | 0.6 | 24 | " | ||
LM-06-22 | 435.3 | 282.6 | 283 | 0.2 | 5.1 | Camp Zone |
296.8 | 297 | 0.4 | 6.8 | " | ||
326.9 | 327 | 0.2 | 5 | " | ||
LM-06-23 | 390.5 | 118.6 | 120 | 1.2 | 4.3 | Camp Zone |
118.6 | 119 | 0.5 | 8.6 | " | ||
350.3 | 351 | 0.8 | 2 | " | ||
LM-06-24 | 490.3 | 175.9 | 179 | 2.8 | 7.4 | Camp Zone |
175.9 | 177 | 0.8 | 15.4 | " | ||
178 | 179 | 0.5 | 13.1 | " | ||
179.5 | 180 | 0.8 | 9.6 | " | ||
179.5 | 180 | 0.2 | 17.2 | " | ||
LM-06-25 | 93.91 | 100.68 | 6.77 | 0.93 | Camp Zone | |
116.59 | 116.89 | 0.30 | 68.00 | "; | ||
LM-06-26 | 386.2 | 117.4 | 118 | 0.7 | 1.3 | Camp Zone, NW |
225.9 | 227 | 1.2 | 7.5 | Camp Zone | ||
267.3 | 268 | 0.6 | 4 | " | ||
269.8 | 272 | 2.4 | 4.9 | " | ||
282.2 | 286 | 4 | 11.8 | " | ||
282.2 | 284 | 1.4 | 27.7 | " | ||
285.6 | 286 | 0.6 | 10 | " | ||
|
| 306 | 307 | 0.8 | 7 | " |
|
| 380.3 | 381 | 0.6 | 22.3 | " |
LM-06-29 | 465.4 | 153.5 | 159 | 5.1 | 10.1 | Camp Zone |
|
| 153.5 | 155 | 1.3 | 32.8 | " |
|
| 167.9 | 169 | 0.6 | 4 | " |
|
| 182.1 | 184 | 1.8 | 706.8 | " |
|
| 182.1 | 183 | 0.8 | 1540 | " |
|
| 183.5 | 184 | 0.4 | 10.4 | " |
|
| 375.2 | 376 | 0.3 | 2.3 | " |
|
| 392.8 | 394 | 0.8 | 2.4 | " |
|
| 435.3 | 436 | 0.5 | 4.9 | " |
|
| 452.1 | 454 | 1.5 | 1.9 | " |
Gold mineralization at the LMS property commonly occurs in late stage quartz stockwork veins hosted within brecciated siliceous graphitic horizons in schist and gneiss units which are parallel to a thrust contact. These stockwork zones appear to be related to a west-northwest trend of mineralization which is currently open to the east, west and at depth. Native gold is common within the high-grade zones, often exceeding values of 10 g/t gold.
The Company has drilled a total of 36 holes on the project to date for a total of 5,985 metres. This information has defined a mineralized body 450 metres long and approximately 200 metres wide. Drill results up to the end of the 2006 field season have been used by Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng (BC) of Giroux Consultants Ltd., an independent consultant, to estimate an initial resource for the Camp Zone (Table 9). Full details of the resource calculation are contained in the technical report dated August 19, 2008 entitled ";Summary Report on the LMS Gold Project, Goodpaster District, Alaska"; by Paul Klipfel, Ph.D., CPG#10821 and Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. (BC). Messrs Klipfel and Giroux are independent consultants to the Company. Readers of this Annual Report are encouraged to review the entire technical report, which is filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov.
Table 9: LMS Camp Zone Inferred Mineral Resource Estimate
Gold Cutoff | Tonnes > Cutoff | Grade > Cutoff | Contained Gold |
(g/t) | (tonnes) | Gold (g/t) | (Ounces) |
0.10 | 9,680,000 | 0.61 | 190,000 |
0.20 | 7,460,000 | 0.75 | 180,000 |
0.30 | 5,860,000 | 0.89 | 167,000 |
0.40 | 4,780,000 | 1.01 | 155,000 |
0.50 | 4,110,000 | 1.10 | 145,000 |
0.60 | 3,610,000 | 1.18 | 137,000 |
0.70 | 3,130,000 | 1.26 | 127,000 |
0.80 | 2,710,000 | 1.34 | 116,000 |
0.90 | 2,370,000 | 1.41 | 107,000 |
1.00 | 2,050,000 | 1.48 | 97,000 |
1.10 | 1,740,000 | 1.55 | 87,000 |
1.20 | 1,490,000 | 1.62 | 78,000 |
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and there is no assurance that any mineral resources will ultimately be reclassified as proven or probable reserves. Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. U.S. Investors should read the ";Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Reserve and Resource Estimates"; above concerning the difference between ";resources"; and ";reserves";.
Exploration of the LMS property is at a relatively early stage, with discovery and identification of the graphitic quartzite breccia and vein zone(s) extending from the surface to more than 450 metres down dip. The Company plans additional exploration to test the location and extent of vein zones through drilling, characterize and explore newly discovered anomalous areas to the northwest with trenches (if practicable) and drilling; and continue to conduct soil sampling throughout the property to better define the anomalous zones, particularly across the apparent northwest trending corridor of anomalism.
The Company proposes to continue exploration of the LMS property with a program of drilling, sampling, and structural analysis as best as can be achieved in drill core. This drilling will specifically target the contact between the schist and gneiss in Liscum geochemical anomaly and the down-dip continuation of the Camp Zone, and a minimum program of 1500 metres is planned, with at least two 400 metre holes allocated for the down-dip extension of the Camp Zone and the balance at Liscum. To the extent that trenches can reach bedrock along ridge lines, a program of trenching would be undertaken prior to drilling to assist in determining the location of particular rock types and structural relations. In addition, the Company will try and gain geochemical information from the surface through a minimum program of 500 soil samples, targeting the Camp and South Ridge areas as well as the area of anomalous soils in the schist to the southwest of the NW target, with power or track mounted augers. The estimated cost of the proposed program is $806,300, as shown in Table 10.
Table 10: Proposed LMS Program Budget
Item | Estimated Cost | |
Mob/Demob Costs | $25,000 | |
Geological Support Costs | $88,000 | |
Track Auger | $30,000 | |
Diamond Drilling (direct cost $180/meter) | $300,000 | |
Fuel | $50,000 | |
Laboratory Assay/Analysis Costs | $96,000 | |
Bulldozer | $20,000 | |
Accommodation/food/transportation | $78,000 | |
Excavator | $40,000 | |
Data analysis and report preparation | $6,000 | |
Contingency (10%) | $73,300 | |
Total | $806,300 |
The Company presently plans to focus its exploration activities on resource definition drilling at the Livengood Project. As a consequence, no work was carried out at LMS in 2008. The Company is actively seeking a partner to participate in the exploration at LMS and does not presently plan on carrying out the proposed program until such time as a joint venture partner has been secured.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $1,789,173 in the acquisition, maintenance and exploration of the LMS Project.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at LMS. The LMS property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at LMS are exploratory in nature.
Chisna, Chitina District
The Chisna Project is located in South Central Alaska on the south side of the Alaska Range. The project consists of a total of 608 State of Alaska mining claims, divided into 5 claim blocks and owned 100% by the Company. The claim blocks cover an aggregate of 32,935 hectares). The project is targeting previously unrecognized Cretaceous copper-gold porphyry style mineralization. A number of the target areas have associated historic placer gold deposits although the area has had only very limited past surface exploration for its hard rock potential. The project contains a number of grassroots surface discoveries made by the Company in 2006 and 2007 which were the focus of the 2008 follow-up work.
Access to the Chisna claim blocks is typically by helicopter from either Summit Lake, 80 miles south of Delta Junction on the Richardson Highway (State 3), or from Slana, 70 miles southwest of Tok on the Tok Cutoff (State 1). Distances from the roads to the claims range from less than 5 to approximately 40 miles. The easternmost claim block (AC) has a very rough 4-wheel drive access route to the edge of the block from the Tok Cutoff near Slana (Figure 8).
![[exhibit1009.jpg]](exhibit1009.jpg)
Figure 8. Location Map showing the Chisna claim blocks.
During the 2006 field season, the Company carried out a reconnaissance scale geochemical sampling program. Reconnaissance scale geochemical sampling from a number of highly altered zones has defined a large open-ended target area in the main, or northwest, part of the Chisna claim block, covering approximately 25 square kilometres, within which anomalous copper, gold and silver values occur. A total of 73 rock samples collected from this area averaged 0.19% copper, 0.33 g/t gold and 2.8 g/t silver, with 21 of these samples exceeding 200 ppm copper and averaging 0.6% copper, 1.06 g/t gold and 8.2 g/t silver. The range of the 21 samples was from 3ppm to 3.7% copper and 2 ppb to 12.2 g/t gold, with high values of 3.7% copper, 0.03g/t gold and 46.7 g/t silver and 0.75% copper, 12.2 g/t gold and 6.5 g/t silver.
The average values from all of the soil samples taken on the project by the Company in the 2006 field season (87 samples covering three areas approximately 3.5 kilometres apart) equalled 230 ppm copper, 31 ppb gold and 0.5 ppm silver, with a range of from 31 to 1,955 ppm copper, 2 to 255 ppb gold and 0.1 to 2.4 ppm silver. Regional silt sampling results from 90 samples covering a much larger area along the mineralized trend returned average values of 182 ppm copper, 20 ppb gold, 0.4 ppm silver and 253 ppm zinc, with a range of from 43 to 804 ppm copper, 2 to 145 ppb gold, 0.1 to 2.5ppm silver and 66 to 6,850 ppm zinc. Preliminary reconnaissance scale geologic work indicates the copper-gold-silver mineralization at the Chisna property is multiphase and may be related to the distal phase of an intrusive associated system to the west.
Based on the positive results from the 2006 work a surface exploration program was undertaken in 2007 including a regional sampling and follow-up of earlier anomalies. This work yielded a new gold-copper porphyry discovery in the south eastern section of the Company’s large land position (referred to as the ";SE Target";). The new zone of mineralization appears to be related to a porphyry system with a gold-rich upper zone transitioning into a copper-gold zone at depth. Historic placer gold mining has occurred from creeks draining the target area. Preliminarily sampling has returned anomalous gold and copper values from surface soil and rock chip sampling which covers an area of approximately 1 square kilometre presently centred on a partially exposed mineralized porphyry system. Mineralization is open in all directions. Initial rock samples from this area average 2.9 g/t gold and 0.68% copper (see Figure 9 and Table 11). The soil data for gold and copper are shown in Table 12.
In addition to the surface sampling program, in 2007 the Company carried out a Fugro airborne magnetic/electrical survey over the Chisna property. The survey data has produced results consistent with the presence of a large porphyry system in the central part of the Chisna claim block. This feature is coincident with a strong copper-gold-silver anomaly developed from the Company’s 2006 exploration work. In addition, the survey has highlighted the full extent of a mafic intrusive body three kilometres to the north which has generated strong nickel stream silt anomalies as well as being the postulated source of the platinum mineralization that has been mined from placer deposits draining the feature. Based on the results of the survey, in 2007 the Company staked an additional 48 square kilometres in the Chisna project area.
The survey covered an area of 120 square kilometres on 200 metre line spacing. The data has revealed a strong circular magnetic anomaly (referred to as the ";5950 target";) located between the Company’s POW and Hill 5950 prospects. This feature coincides with a number of rock chip samples which assayed greater than 0.25% copper. Geological mapping by the State of Alaska in 1966 identified a diorite outcrop within the core of the 5950 target. The surrounding rocks are andesites and dacites which show broad areas of pyritic alteration at both POW and Hill 5950. The Company interprets the 5950 target as a potential porphyry system with the circular magnetic high representing alteration around the margin of the main intrusive body. The survey has also given much clearer definition to the large Miller Gulch intrusive complex which lies immediately to the north of 5950 target. Mafic and ultramafic apophyses of this complex outcrop in the area and historical studies by the US Bureau of Mines suggests that this complex is the source of platinum mineralization found in the gold placers which drain the target area. In addition, new stream silt data gathered by the Company from the Miller Gulch target area are anomalous in nickel, indicating potential for a sulphide nickel deposit.
![[exhibit1010.jpg]](exhibit1010.jpg)
Figure 9: Chisna property gold and copper values.
Table 11: Summary of 2007 rock samples (greater than 0.5 g/t gold)
n = 12 | Cu % | Au ppm | Ag ppm | Pb ppm | Zn ppm | Mo ppm | Bi ppm |
Max | 7.11 | 9.16 | 79.00 | 849 | 1700 | 36 | 107 |
Min | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.33 | 4 | 7 | 0 | 2 |
Average | 0.68 | 2.96 | 12.57 | 133 | 364 | 10 | 19 |
Table 12: Summary statistics from Chisna SE Prospect (soils with greater than 100ppb Gold)
n = 63 | Cu ppm | Au ppm | Ag ppm | Pb ppm | Zn ppm | Mo ppm | Bi ppm | As ppm | Sb ppm | Te ppm |
Maximum | 5840 | 2.78 | 10.10 | 245 | 237 | 72 | 156.0 | 655 | 27.3 | 90.9 |
Minimum | 52 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 9 | 40 | 1 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
Average | 517 | 0.48 | 1.26 | 36 | 87 | 9 | 6.3 | 36 | 4.0 | 3.7 |
During the 2008 exploration program, the Company collected a total of 221 silt samples and 193 rock samples. This work has now fully delineated the extent of the large POW-Ptarmigan copper - gold system, which has a strike length of approximately 10 kilometres and a width of 4 kilometres (see Table 13). A total of 300 rock samples collected from this altered and mineralized area average 0.1% copper and 0.2g/t gold. Geological and geophysical mapping of this area has delineated broad areas of alteration and a general zonation of copper-rich mineralization in the west to more lead- and zinc-rich mineralization to the east - indicative of large porphyry systems.
Table 13: Metal concentrations from 300 rocks collected in the POW-Ptarmigan Area.
Copper % | Gold g/t | Silver g/t | Lead (ppm) | Zinc (ppm) | |
Max | 4.0 | 13 | 110 | 6250 | 2060 |
Min | 0.0 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.8 | 2 |
Mean | 0.1 | 0.22 | 3.1 | 60 | 105 |
N= | 300 | 299 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
In the Eagle Ravine area, silt samples from two separate drainage basins returned strongly anomalous gold values (see Table 14). Follow-up exploration discovered a variety of styles of mineralization, including hydrothermal breccias, garnet skarns, stockwork potassic alteration and sulphide replacement, thus suggesting a complex porphyry-related mineral system. 47 rock samples collected over a 3 square kilometre area, along with geologic mapping, have confirmed the presence of a large, open ended system of copper-gold mineralization (see Table 15).
Table 14: Stream Sediment Sample Results from Eagle Ravine.
Copper (ppm) | Gold (ppb) | Silver (ppm) | Arsenic (ppm) | Bismuth (ppm) | Tellurium (ppm) | |
Max | 162 | 541 | 0.66 | 37 | 0.45 | 1.61 |
Min | 68 | 15 | 0.22 | 22 | 0.23 | 0.14 |
Mean | 107 | 140 | 0.40 | 31 | 0.34 | 0.48 |
n= | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Table15: Rock Assay Results from Eagle Ravine.
Copper % | Gold g/t | Silver g/t | Arsenic (ppm) | Bismuth (ppm) | Tellurium (ppm) | |
Max | 0.8 | 0.29 | 5.3 | 621 | 34.2 | 36.9 |
Min | 0.0 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.025 |
Mean | 0.1 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 21 | 2.0 | 2.5 |
n= | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 | 47 |
At the Hematite Prospect, a large area of specular hematite and magnetite alteration with disseminated chalcopyrite has been discovered adjacent to an intrusive complex. Initial prospecting has identified alteration and mineralization over a kilometre of strike length outlining a large high level anomaly with potential at depth.
The Company’s sampling and prospecting work have now defined several key areas for focused future exploration (Figure 10). At 40 square kilometres, the POW-Ptarmigan area is a significant target which could host multiple copper-gold systems. The mineral deposit vectors that have been defined by the 2008 work are a positive indicator that one or more major deposits could be present in this new and under-explored Alaskan porphyry belt.
![[exhibit1012.jpg]](exhibit1012.jpg)
Figure 10: Copper Stream Sediment Anomalies in the Chisna Project Area on Regional Aeromagnetic Data
The Company is presently reviewing the results of the work to date on the Chisna project with a view to formulating an appropriate work program for future work, which may involve seeking a partner to advance the project in order to permit the Company to focus on its Livengood project.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $1,465,023 in the acquisition, maintenance and exploration of the Chisna Project.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at Chisna. The Chisna property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at Chisna are exploratory in nature.
BMP Project, McGrath District
In 2006, the Company staked a block of 108 Alaska State mining claims covering 6,993 hectares (referred to as the ";BMP"; project) in the McGrath Mining District, approximately 40 kilometres north of the Company’s Terra project. Subsequently, the Company entered into an option with Cook Inlet Region, Inc., an Alaska native corporation, to lease a 6,200 hectare area of fee simple lands located immediately adjacent to the eastern side of the Company’s existing BMP claim block (see Item 4.B ";Business Overview -; Alaska Property Acquisitions - BMP Project Expansion";).
Access to BMP is by fixed wing aircraft to the Farewell Airport, located roughly 20 miles north of the property (160 air miles from Anchorage and 250 from Fairbanks), then by helicopter to the property itself (Figure 11).
![[exhibit1013.jpg]](exhibit1013.jpg)
Figure 11. Location Map showing BMP claims.
The area is underlain by Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and late Cretaceous to Tertiary volcanics and intrusions. Mineralization styles in the area include skarns, intrusive-hosted veins and massive sediment-hosted mineralization of uncertain origin. The BMP project has a number of historic showings discovered by the Anaconda Company in the 1970’s and 1980’s which contain copper, gold, silver and zinc values. The main target is copper-silver mineralization, as well as gold, lead and zinc mineralization.
In 2007 the Company conducted a regional sampling and prospect follow-up exploration program within the region. Exploration by the Company in 2007 confirmed a number of mineralized zones with numerous high-grade copper, silver, zinc and gold values being returned. This work linked much of the mineralization to a prolific skarn-type mineralizing environment and highlighted the potential of the belt. At the 6120 and 6920 prospects calcareous horizons have been extensively replaced by skarn mineralization, including massive pyrrhotite with chalcopyrite and sphalerite. High gold values are present at both of these prospects with grades of several grams in specific samples. Both prospects occur on the flank of a Tertiary intrusive body. The focus of the Company’s 2008 BMP program was to define drill targets to test the size and continuity of these large skarn systems.
In the spring of 2008, the Company commissioned a high resolution airborne magnetic and EM survey completed over key mineralized areas of the project. The Company’s contractor completed an airborne magnetic and electromagnetic survey of the core target area covering an area of 30 square kilometres in two blocks with a nominal line spacing of 50 meters. The results outlined several large geophysical anomalies spatially associated with the outcropping polymetallic (copper-gold-silver) skarn deposits that were discovered in 2007 (see Figure 12).
The largest anomaly is associated with the 6120 target area and covers approximately 1 square kilometre forming at an important structural intersection on the south side of the core intrusive. Twenty rock samples collected from a 150 metre diameter area of outcropping skarn at the 6120 target averaged 2.3% copper, 3.4 g/t gold, 33 g/t silver, 0.16% nickel and 0.07% cobalt. In addition, similar skarn type mineralization was found 2 kilometres to the north at the 6920 prospect. The Dall and Little Bird prospects, located on the northern target block (approximately 5 kilometres north), also appear to be associated with skarn and distal skarn type mineral systems. The Dall target was drilled by Anaconda Mining Company in the 1980’s with two diamond drill holes, each of which intersected very significant high-grade mineralization (4.0% copper, 11.8 oz (370 g/t) silver, 1.0% zinc and 0.3% lead over a true thickness of 3.5 meters and 0.9% copper, 6.0% zinc, 5.7oz (177 g/t) silver and 1.0% lead over a true thickness of 5.5 metres).
![[exhibit1015.jpg]](exhibit1015.jpg)
Figure 12: BMP Project showing area covered by geophysical surveys.
Principal prospects are named.
The 2008 field season program focussed on following up a number of the anomalies generated by previous work (see Table 16) and defining the ore controls for the prospects and the belt in general. In the south part of this trend, subsurface projection of highly mineralized structures now indicates that the strong geophysical anomalies at the 6120 and 6920 prospects reflect mineralization in the subsurface. New mineralization has been found in the Dall Slot target, while outside the Slot target, two new areas of massive sulphide mineralization have been discovered. At the northern end of the trend, the Little Bird prospect, a thick mineralized stratigraphic unit, has been identified.
Table 16: BMP Surface Sampling Results by Target Area
Au g/t | Ag g/t | Cu% | Pb% | Zn% | Co% | Ni% | |||
6120 Cirque | Max | 25.20 | 186 | 13.8 | 0.7 | 10.0 | 0.48 | 0.4 | |
N=24 | Min | 0.00 | 4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | |
Average | 3.16 | 29 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.1 | ||
6920 Massive Sulphide | Max | 1.38 | 42 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 9.2 | 0.04 | 0.0 | |
N=15 | Min | 0.00 | 3 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | |
Average | 0.40 | 15 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 0.02 | 0.0 | ||
6920 Veins | Max | 1.05 | 573 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 20.4 | 0.04 | 0.0 | |
N=14 | Min | 0.01 | 8 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.00 | 0.0 | |
Average | 0.22 | 141 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 5.7 | 0.01 | 0.0 | ||
Dall Slot | Max | 0.17 | 469 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 30.0 | 0.01 | 0.0 | |
N=23 | Min | bd | 4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.00 | 0.0 | |
Average | 0.04 | 127 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
Dall Outside | Max | 1.59 | 469 | 5.6 | 10.1 | 30.0 | 0.05 | 0.0 | |
N=14 | Min | 0.00 | 0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | |
Average | 0.06 | 82 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
Little Bird | Max | 0.59 | 673 | 7.4 | 5.4 | 15.1 | 0.01 | 0.0 | |
N=23 | Min | bd | 24 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 0.0 | |
Average | 0.05 | 171 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.4 | 0.00 | 0.0 | ||
bd = below detection limits
At 6120, high-grade copper and gold mineralization is associated with massive sulphide replacement in a mixed limestone and siltstone unit. The airborne geophysics outlines the known surface exposures of massive sulphide mineralization and defines a large target between areas of known mineralization. Mapping and sampling has now shown that the mineralization at 6120 is associated with an anticlinal fold hinge and that the projection of this fold trends directly into the main geophysical anomaly, strongly suggesting that the mineralization continues into the subsurface. The mineralization at 6920 is similar in character to that of 6120, that is, a significant geophysical anomaly associated with the known mineralization in an anticlinal fold hinge which projects south into the mountain. Two styles of mineralization are present: gold-rich massive sulphide replacement mineralization and high-grade sulphide veins.
The mineralization at the Dall prospect is more structurally controlled than that at the 6120 and 6920 prospects. Silver grades are significantly higher, and are consistently present at levels of hundreds of grams per tonne. Geophysics has mapped the key structural zones that control the high-grade mineralization. Mapping and sampling has shown that the main copper-silver mineralization in the Dall Slot is associated with a steep thrust fault developed in the axis along an anticlinal hinge zone (Figure 13). The Dall Slot mineralization has now been mapped for approximately 200 metres along strike before being lost under surficial cover. Importantly, two previously unknown areas of mineralization have been discovered. The first, located 360 metres north of the main zone, consists of massive pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite replacement of sediments. Three samples collected from the outcrop average 3.4% copper and 279 g/t silver. The second lies 400 metres to the west of the main zone, and returned a piece of massive sulphide float that assayed 10.2% zinc, 10.1% lead, 0.2% copper and 188g/t silver. Soil sampling has highlighted still another possible zone of mineralization which may represent the southern extension of the new copper zone.
Little Bird has copper-silver mineralization similar to Dall. At Little Bird the replacement mineralization is associated with a 100 metre thick mixed limestone and siltstone unit. 23 mineralized samples from the Little Bird target average 1.2% copper and 171g/t silver from a 300 x 700 metre area. The mineralization may be related to a granitic intrusion which outcrops just north of the main area of mineralization. Gold mineralized quartz-sulphide veins are found in and around the intrusive.
![[exhibit1016.jpg]](exhibit1016.jpg)
Figure 13: Geology of the Dall Prospect showing areas of copper-silver mineralization discovered to date. Area 1 is the Dall Slot, which was discovered by Anaconda. Areas 2 and 4 are the new massive sulphide zones discovered in 2008. Areas 3, 5 and 6 are areas of vein and fault breccia mineralization.
The Company is presently reviewing the results of the work to date on the BMP project with a view to formulating an appropriate work program for future work, which may involve seeking a partner to advance the project in order to permit the Company to focus on its Livengood project.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $326,798 in the acquisition, maintenance and exploration of the BMP Project.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at BMP. The BMP property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at BMP are exploratory in nature.
Coffee Dome
The Coffee Dome property consists of approximately 4,155 hectares, as follows:
1.
State mining claims owned by the Company (approximately 2,600 hectares)
2.
Lease with individual for 6 State mining claims (approximately 388.8 hectares)
3.
Lease with University of Alaska for fee lands (approximately 1,166.2) hectares.
Access to the Coffee Dome property from Fairbanks is on the Steese Highway (State 6) approximately 20 miles to Cleary Summit, then by an improved dirt road that travels about 7 miles east from Cleary Summit to an active area of placer mining on Fairbanks Creek, then by a 5 mile dirt road to the project area. On the property travel is by 4-wheel drive trails (Figure 14).
![[exhibit1017.jpg]](exhibit1017.jpg)
Figure 14. Location Map of Coffee Dome property.
Details of the property tenures are as follows:
1.
State claims under Lease: The lease is dated August 11, 2005 and has an initial term of 20 years and for so long thereafter as mining, processing, construction of mine facilities or exploration activities continue. Advance minimum royalties of USD 50,000 are payable on or before August 11, 2007 and each subsequent anniversary until production commences. The Company is required to pay the Lessor USD 500,000 upon the Company making a positive production decision. The Company will pay a net smelter return production royalty of between 0.5% and 5% (depending upon the gold price) with respect to the leased lands and between 1% and 3% on certain lands within a defined area of interest surrounding the leased lands. The production royalty may be reduced by 1% upon payment of USD 4,000,000 or by 0.25% (with respect to certain of the area of interest lands) upon payment of USD 2,000,000. The lease may be terminated at any time upon notice by the Company.
2.
University Lease: The key terms of the Exploration/Mining Lease option agreement with the University and any resulting Mining Lease, are as follows:
Exploration Agreement: In order to maintain the option to lease in good standing, the Company is required to pay the University USD 117,500 over five years (USD 15,000 first year) and incur exploration expenditures totalling USD 400,000 over five years (USD 25,000 commitment for the first year). If the Company does not terminate the option prior to January 1 in any option year, the specified minimum expenditures for that year become a commitment of the Company. The Company is also responsible for all taxes and assessments on the lands subject to the option to lease.
Mining Lease: At any time during the option period, the Company has the right to enter into a mining lease over some or all of the lands subject to the option. The mining lease will have an initial term of 15 years and for so long thereafter as commercial production continues and requires escalating advance royalty payments of USD 30,000 in year 1 to USD 150,000 in year 9 and beyond. Advance royalty payments are credited against 50% of production royalties. The Company is also required to incur escalating minimum mandatory exploration expenditures of USD 125,000 in year 1 to USD 350,000 in year 5 and beyond and to deliver a feasibility study within 10 years of the commencement of the lease. Upon the commencement of commercial production, the Company is required to pay a sliding scale net smelter return royalty of from 3% (USD 300 and below gold) up to 5% (USD 500 and up gold). The Company will also pay a sliding scale net smelter return royalty of from 0.5% (USD 450 and below gold) to 1% (USD 450 and above gold) on any federal or Alaska state claims staked by the Company or its affiliates within a 2 mile area of interest surrounding the University land (not including the Company’s existing leased claims).
The target at Coffee Dome is high-grade gold-arsenic-bismuth-tellurium vein-style mineralization. The completion of the University of Alaska exploration agreement, and the addition of the lands subject to that agreement to the project, has expanded the target at Coffee Dome such that it now includes a number of strong gold in soil anomalies over at least 3 kilometres of strike length. The target concept at Coffee Dome is for high-grade veins forming leakage feathers off a major intrusion hosted deposit at depth.
Exploration in 2007 at Coffee Dome entailed a program of trenching and soil sampling, carried out in July 2007. Results from the Coffee Dome trenching work intersected high-grade gold veins and surface soil sampling has significantly enlarged the known soil anomalies. During the 2007 exploration program, trenching over the Main Target area exposed veins with grades of up to 168 g/t gold in outcrop (72 samples ranging from 0 to 168 g/t gold) (Tables 17 and 18) and soil surveys defined two large gold anomalies interpreted to reflect part of a significant gold system over 3 kilometres long and 1 kilometre wide including all three target areas (Figure 15).
These narrow veins contain pathfinder trace element geochemical signatures (strong gold-arsenic-bismuth-tellurium association). Two main mineralized fault trends exist on the Coffee Dome property, being a steeply dipping north-northeast trend and a low angle (20-30 degrees) east-northeast trend, which together form the general north-northeast overall trend of the larger target area. The trench results provided insights into the structural controls on the high-grade gold mineralization at Coffee Dome, which appear to be best developed in low-angle vein zones.
The large gold in soil anomaly, anomalous pathfinder trace element signature and complex array of mineralized structures suggest that the Coffee Dome gold system is large and may represent the surface expression of an intrusive related system at depth. Poor exposure of the main target area has limited the geologic understanding from surface mapping but airborne geophysics supports the strong northeast trend to the overall mineralized zone.
![[exhibit1018.jpg]](exhibit1018.jpg)
Figure 15: Gold in soil and trench locations at Coffee Dome project.
(Trenches are numbered by elevation, and the red dashed line is outline of overall gold system target area).
Table 17: Mineralized fault zones from Coffee Dome Trenches
Trench | From (m) | To (m) | Width (m) | Gold (g/t) |
620 | 65.6 | 67.2 | 1.6 | 1.11 |
550 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 12.5 | 0.87 |
520 | 22.8 | 23.1 | 0.3 | 9.82 |
Table 18: Fault-hosted veins from Coffee Dome Trenches
Trench | Distance (m) | Width (m) | Gold (g/t) | Silver (g/t) | Arsenic (ppm) | Antimony (ppm) | Bismuth (ppm) | Tellurium (ppm) |
520 | 22.5 | 0.02 | 167.5 | 27.0 | 2970 | 9.1 | 443 | 33 |
| 23.3 | 0.02 | 137.5 | 32.2 | 2790 | 8.9 | 365 | 32 |
| 29.0 | 0.02 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1400 | 3.5 | 23 | 12 |
550 | 34.5 | 0.06 | 11.4 | 5.7 | 5120 | 11.0 | 37 | 12 |
| 35.0 | 0.06 | 5.6 | 2.8 | 822 | 4.1 | 40 | 8 |
| 37.0 | 0.50 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 2380 | 5.6 | 7 | 3 |
| 37.3 | 0.04 | 7.0 | 4.6 | 4810 | 11.1 | 29 | 5 |
| 38.3 | 0.40 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 4690 | 13.6 | 33 | 8 |
| 134.0 | 0.05 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 5430 | 13.2 | 11 | 2 |
590 | 37.2 | 0.10 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1730 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.03 |
620 | 66.5 | 0.08 | 6.2 | 4.3 | 6730 | 24.0 | 38 | 10 |
Future work at Coffee Dome (which is road accessible) would involve drill testing both the high-grade low angle gold veins and the large bulk tonnage targets. However, the Company has not yet formulated a work program for 2009, and may seek a partner to advance the Coffee Dome project while it concentrates on the Livengood Project.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $969,528 in the acquisition, maintenance and exploration of the Coffee Dome Project.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at Coffee Dome. The Coffee Dome property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at Coffee Dome are exploratory in nature.
West Pogo (WPX)
The West Pogo property consists of 96 Alaska State mining claims, comprising approximately 1,944 hectares, owned 100% by the Company. The property lies along the western boundary of the TeckCominco Pogo joint venture property with the Pogo mine road passing through the West Pogo land package (see Figure 16). The bedrock geology consists of Paleozoic metamorphic rocks which have been intruded by younger, probably Cretaceous, granites. Gold mineralization was first discovered in the area in 1998 with the property being acquired by AngloGold in 2001. In 2003 a single hole was drilled by AngloGold which encountered wide zones of sericitic alteration and multiple zones of low-grade gold mineralization. Recent exploration discoveries of high-grade gold mineralization announced by the Pogo joint venture have been made within 500 metres of the eastern boundary of the claims. The Company is not a party to the TeckCominco Pogo joint venture and has no right to these discoveries. The target at West Pogo is for a high-grade gold veins similar to those at the nearby Pogo Mine.
![[exhibit1019.jpg]](exhibit1019.jpg)
Figure 16: Location of West Pogo Project
(known high-grade gold occurrences in the Pogo District are shown as red + symbols).
Due to other priorities, the West Pogo project was primarily in a holding phase during 2007 and 2008 while the Company sought a joint venture partner. However, some limited sampling and prospecting on the property was carried out during the 2008 field season. Previous exploration at West Pogo had focused on the area on the western side of the property where historical sampling had encountered weakly anomalous rocks and soils. The 2008 program focused its effort on the eastern side of the property within a recently burned area which enhanced rock exposures. A train of mineralized granite float was encountered 150 metres northeast of the 2003 AngloGold drill site with visible gold found in several pieces of float. Additional mineralized rocks and anomalous soils were found over an area extending over 700 metres to the east of the visible gold discovery. The mineralization consists of vuggy quartz veins and breccias in granite with strong sericitic and local tourmaline alteration. The mineralization has modest arsenic values and low bismuth values (Table 19).
Table 9: 2008 West Pogo Rock Samples with >1 g/t Gold*
Sample ID | Lithology | Gold (g/t) | Silver (g/t) | As (ppm) | Sb (ppm) | Bi (ppm) | Te (ppm) |
RK808448 | vein | 118.5 | 437.0 | 741 | 252 | 0.8 | 0.025 |
RK808440 | granite | 7.1 | 0.5 | 96 | 37 | 0.8 | 0.050 |
RK808452 | granite | 5.7 | 1.7 | 2910 | 108 | 0.6 | 0.090 |
RK808314 | vein | 2.1 | 1.6 | 438 | 48 | 0.2 | 0.050 |
RK803899 | breccia-tectonic | 1.9 | 8.5 | 128 | 233 | 1.7 | 0.025 |
RK808438 | breccia-tectonic | 1.2 | 0.6 | 213 | 49 | 0.3 | 0.025 |
*A total of 24 rock samples were taken from the new zone, ranging in grade from nil to 118.5 g/t gold and averaging 5.54 g/t gold. Of these samples, 54% exceeded 0.5 g/t gold and 25% exceeded 1 g/t gold.
The controls on mineralization are not well understood at the moment, however, the distribution of mineralized rocks and soils suggest the high-grade gold mineralization is related to an east-northeast structural zone along the margin of a granitic intrusive. This newly discovered high-grade mineralization is exciting in that it lies along a generalized east-west trend of district-scale gold occurrences that extend both east and west of the Pogo Mine. Readers of this Annual Report are cautioned that the Company has no interest in or right to acquire any interest in the Pogo mine or any properties controlled by the TeckCominco Pogo joint venture, and that mineral deposits on adjacent or similar properties are not indicative of mineral deposits on the Company's properties.
The Company intends to continue its search for a joint venture partner for the West Pogo Property.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $441,839 in the acquisition, maintenance and exploration of the West Pogo Project.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at West Pogo. The West Pogo property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at West Pogo are exploratory in nature.
Nevada Mineral Properties
North Bullfrog/Mayflower, Nye County
The North Bullfrog Project (";NBP";) is a joint venture (the Company is presently earning its interest in the joint venture) with Redstar. To date, the Company has completed approximately half of the work expenditures required to earn its initial 60% interest.
The NBP is located in north-western Nye County, Nevada in the northern Bullfrog Hills about 15 kilometres north of Beatty (see Figure 17). NBP consists of 213 unpatented lode mining claims originally staked by Redstar, plus an additional 21 patented mining claims leased from third parties (Table 20). Subsequent to entering into the option/joint venture agreement with Redstar, the Company leased an additional 11 patented mining claims (76 hectares) from the Greenspun Group (see Item 4.B ";Business Overview -; Nevada Property Acquisitions - Mayflower Property Acquisition";) and Redstar leased an additional 12 patented claims referred to as the ";Connection"; property (see Item 4.B ";Business Overview -; Nevada Property Acquisitions - Connection Property Acquisition";) (Figure 18). Access around the property is by a series of reasonably good gravel roads that extend to most of the important exploration areas.
Table 20: Summary of lease obligations entered into by Redstar that are part of the NBP.
Party | Area | Claims/Acres | 2009 payment | 2010+ payments | NSR | Anniversary date |
Gregory | North Pioneer | 1/8.19 | $2,500 | $3,000 | 2% | 6/16/2006 |
Hall | Savage | 3/45.67 | $4,800 | $7,200 | 2% | 5/22/2006 |
Kolo Corp | Jolly Jane | 2/41.32 | $2,000 | $3,000 | 3% | 5/8/2006 |
Milliken | Pioneer | 3/24.53 | $3,500 | $4,500 | 2% | 5/8/2006 |
Pritchard | Pioneer | 12/203.01 | $20,000 | $20,000 | 4% | 5/16/2006 |
Total | 21/322.72 | $32,300 | $37,700 |
At North Bullfrog, historical production in the early 20th century came from vein systems that remain open along strike and down dip. More recent exploration has shown potential for large, bulk tonnage systems hosted in favourable units with additional potential for higher grade structurally controlled zones.
Gold was discovered in the district in 1904 resulting in an estimated production of about 112,000 ounces of gold and 869,000 ounces of silver through 1921. There was only minor activity in the district after that initial production period until the Bullfrog gold deposit was discovered in 1986. During the early 20th Century only limited mining occurred in the NBP area, principally at the Pioneer and Mayflower mines. Modern exploration at NBP started in 1974 and continued until 1996 when several companies mapped, sampled, and drilled several areas of gold mineralization (Table 21).
Figure 17: Regional location maps of the NBP; Nevada map shows productive gold deposits in black and location of enlarged area with false-color remote-sensing image backdrop.
Gold mineralization in the district is best characterized as low-sulfidation epithermal with the precious metal occurring as disseminations in favourable lithologies and in quartz-carbonate-adularia veins within fault zones. Mineralization is commonly associated with silicification, and adularia alteration either in veins and fault fillings, or pervasive replacement of volcanic and volcaniclastic units. Weakly anomalous gold may occur in the surrounding argillic alteration zones. Two styles of mineralization are common in the district - typical epithermal veins in structural zones with minor gold mineralization in the surrounding host rock, and stratabound replacement deposits.
Figure 18: Property map of the NBP showing the 7 key target/mineralized areas on the property and the Connection target (recently leased, not shown in colour)
(20-foot contour lines)
Table 21—Summary of companies that explored NBP
COMPANY | YEARS OF ACTIVITY | PRINCIPAL TARGET |
Cordex | 1974-1982 | Connection, Pioneer |
US Borax | 1982 | Mayflower |
Gexa/Galli | 1984-1991 | Pioneer, Connection |
CR Exploration | 1984-1985 | Mayflower |
Western States | 1987 | West Mayflower |
Sunshine/Bond Gold JV | 1988-1994 | Sierra Blanca, Yellowjacket |
Pathfinder | 1991, 1992 | Pioneer |
Barrick | 1995-1996 | Jolly Jane, Sierra Blanca, Mayflower |
Through the Barrick program approximately 167 rotary and reverse-circulation drill holes were drilled on the property. Declining precious metal prices in the late 20th Century resulted in reduced interest in the area. In 2005 Redstar started land acquisition and exploration.
Since taking over the NBP management, the Company has mapped selected surface and underground areas, and conducted additional sampling, as well as completing six core holes totalling 1305 metres in 2007 and 35 reverse circulation holes totalling 8,422 metres in 2008. All of the core holes were drilled at an angle to intersect the mineralized structures at nearly right angles. Sample intervals in core varied with rock and alteration type, and represent nearly true thicknesses. Most of the 2008 holes drilled at Airtrack Hill and all of the Mayflower holes were angled drilled to cross the mineralized zones at nearly right angles and produce near true thickness.
The Company’s 2008 drill program was completed in the late spring, 2008. The drill program successfully defined major mineralization zones, and samples have been selected for initial metallurgical testing. The latest intersections include 12.2 metres of 2.13g/t gold; 52 metres of 0.85 g/t gold, and 35 metres of 0.75 g/t gold (see Table 22). The results highlight the bulk tonnage potential of the Mayflower deposit while confirming the potential for higher grade zones within the larger target (such as 9.1 metres of 7.18 g/t gold) (see Figure 19).
Table 22: Significant Intercepts from Mayflower Deposit Drilling
Hole ID | From | To | Intercept (metres) | Gold (g/t) |
NB-08-07 | 44.2 | 51.8 | 7.6 | 0.80 |
NB-08-09 | 96.0 | 103.6 | 7.6 | 0.81 |
108.2 | 118.9 | 10.7 | 0.49 | |
NB-08-10 | 65.5 | 117.4 | 51.8 | 2.02 |
Including | 83.8 | 93.0 | 9.1 | 7.18 |
NB-08-11 | 111.3 | 125.0 | 13.7 | 0.79 |
131.1 | 137.2 | 6.1 | 0.79 | |
NB-08-12 | 70.1 | 77.7 | 7.6 | 0.88 |
80.8 | 118.9 | 38.1 | 1.43 | |
Including | 88.4 | 103.6 | 15.2 | 2.87 |
NB-08-13 | 0.0 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 0.51 |
NB-08-14 | 157.0 | 169.2 | 12.2 | 1.06 |
178.3 | 204.2 | 25.9 | 0.75 | |
NB-08-15 | 77.7 | 105.2 | 27.4 | 0.80 |
NB-08-16 | 99.1 | 103.6 | 4.6 | 1.53 |
NB-08-17 | 74.7 | 99.1 | 24.4 | 0.63 |
Including | 91.4 | 96.0 | 4.6 | 1.90 |
NB-08-30 | 146.3 | 155.5 | 9.1 | 0.49 |
NB-08-35 | 59.4 | 100.6 | 41.1 | 0.63 |
Including | 88.4 | 99.1 | 10.7 | 1.15 |
NB-08-36 | 86.9 | 138.7 | 51.8 | 0.85 |
including | 105.2 | 112.8 | 7.6 | 1.84 |
including | 117.4 | 132.6 | 15.2 | 0.93 |
NB-08-38 | 61.0 | 68.6 | 7.6 | 1.55 |
73.2 | 85.3 | 12.2 | 2.13 | |
114.3 | 128.0 | 13.7 | 0.60 | |
NB-08-40 | 68.6 | 103.6 | 35.1 | 0.75 |
The results from the 2008 drilling program have shown that Mayflower mineralization is hosted in a steep 50-60 metre wide northwest trending structural zone, where broad zones of low-grade mineralization are associated with silicification and adularia alteration and high-grade mineralization is associated with quartz-calcite filled veinlets and fault breccias. These broad, well-mineralized intercepts in both the historic and recent drilling are primarily developed within favourable volcaniclastic units along a well-developed structural zone forming the large bulk-tonnage target. The high-grade mineralization is well exposed in the David Adit, where native gold was observed in silicified clasts coated with calcite. Most of the high grade intersections to the west of the David Adit occur below tunnel level and were never developed in the past.
The mineralization is low-sulphide in character with deep pervasive oxidation. The bulk-tonnage potential of the deposit is highlighted by the broad continuous zones of mineralization found in many holes and the fact that many of the holes drilled have greater than 20 metres of mineralization (see Table 23).
Table 23: Summary of all mineralized drill holes in the Mayflower Deposit
Hole ID | Total Length | Length Mineralized | Average Grade of Mineralized Section (g/t gold) | % of hole Mineralized |
NB-08-10 | 182.88 | 54.86 | 1.95 | 30% |
NB-08-12 | 213.36 | 57.90 | 1.13 | 27% |
NB-08-36 | 213.36 | 64.02 | 0.79 | 30% |
NB-08-38 | 300.23 | 33.53 | 1.37 | 11% |
NB-08-40 | 208.79 | 54.86 | 0.63 | 26% |
NB-08-14 | 365.76 | 41.15 | 0.82 | 11% |
NB-08-35 | 184.40 | 56.39 | 0.56 | 31% |
NB-08-11 | 207.3 | 42.68 | 0.60 | 21% |
NB-08-15 | 346.25 | 36.59 | 0.69 | 11% |
NB-08-26 | 304.80 | 41.15 | 0.56 | 14% |
NB-08-17 | 304.80 | 44.19 | 0.51 | 14% |
NB-08-18 | 213.40 | 16.77 | 1.01 | 8% |
NB-08-41 | 300.23 | 41.16 | 0.37 | 14% |
NB-08-16 | 147.80 | 21.33 | 0.59 | 14% |
NB-08-09 | 182.88 | 18.29 | 0.62 | 10% |
NB-08-07 | 153.92 | 22.85 | 0.49 | 15% |
NB-08-30 | 304.80 | 21.35 | 0.40 | 7% |
NB-08-08 | 182.88 | 16.77 | 0.37 | 9% |
NB-08-13 | 304.80 | 10.66 | 0.55 | 3% |
NB-08-39 | 147.83 | 10.66 | 0.39 | 7% |
(* Intercepts included in these sums have greater than 0.25g/t gold with less than 3 metres of internal waste.)
![[exhibit1021.jpg]](exhibit1021.jpg)
Figure 19: Geological/drill hole plan map of the Mayflower deposit (historic Barrick drill hole traces in white).
Tdf=debris flow deposits; TrT2=Rhyolite tuff; Trri=Rhyolite intrusive; Qac=Quaternary alluvium.
In addition to the Mayflower deposit, the potential exists to develop other bulk mineable deposits in the surrounding area. Broad zones of mineralization have been found at Air Track Hill (ATH), Sierra Blanca and the Pioneer Prospect (see Table 24). The Jolly Jane, Connection and Yellow Jacket areas also have the potential to host mineralization (see Figure 20).
![[exhibit1023.jpg]](exhibit1023.jpg)
Figure 20: Additional Prospects in the NBP Area where additional mineralization may be located.
Table 24: Summary of total mineralization from holes drilled by the Company outside of the Mayflower Deposit
Prospect | Hole ID | Total Depth (metres) | Mineralized Thickness (metres) * | Average Grade (gold g/t) | % of hole Mineralized |
ATH | NB-08-21 | 198.10 | 41.15 | 0.80 | 21% |
ATH | NB-08-26 | 304.80 | 41.15 | 0.56 | 14% |
ATH | NB-08-29 | 198.12 | 54.85 | 0.41 | 28% |
ATH | NB-08-27 | 198.12 | 38.09 | 0.37 | 19% |
ATH | NB-08-19 | 213.36 | 19.81 | 0.45 | 9% |
ATH | NB-08-23 | 137.16 | 10.67 | 0.50 | 8% |
ATH | NB-08-25 | 198.10 | 10.66 | 0.50 | 5% |
ATH | NB-08-22 | 198.12 | 7.62 | 0.49 | 4% |
ATH | NB-08-20 | 198.12 | 3.04 | 0.71 | 2% |
Sierra Blanca | NB-07-01 | 247.19 | 77.50 | 0.39 | 31% |
Sierra Blanca | NB-07-02 | 354.18 | 18.60 | 0.68 | 5% |
Pioneer | NB-07-04 | 91.74 | 22.15 | 0.97 | 24% |
(* Intercepts included in these sums have greater than 0.25g/t gold with less than 3 metres of internal waste.)
There is no metallurgical data available for the NBP, except for limited bottle roll tests on six samples carried out by the Company’s consultants. Each sample was leached for three days, with little gold extracted during the third day indicating that most of the easily extractable gold was removed. In most samples the extraction curve flattens after 16 hours. Gold extractions ranged from 65 to 90%.
Drill results up to the completion of the Spring, 2008 program have been used by Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng (BC) of Giroux Consultants Ltd., an independent consultant, to estimate a resource for the Mayflower deposit. Full details of the resource calculation are contained in the technical report dated August 25, 2008 entitled ";Summary Report on the North Bullfrog Project and Resource at Mayflower, Bullfrog Mining District, Nye County, Nevada"; by Roger C. Steininger Ph.D. CPG#7417 and Gary H. Giroux, M.A.Sc., P.Eng. (BC). Messrs Steininger and Giroux are independent consultants to the Company. Readers of this Annual Report are encouraged to review the entire technical report, which is filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and EDGAR at www.sec.gov.
The estimated resource tonnage varies significantly according to the choice of cutoff grade. A range of tonnes and grade have been estimated (see Tables 25 and 26).
Table 25: Mayflower Indicated Resource
Gold Cutoff | Tonnes > Cutoff | Grade > Cutoff | Contained | ||
(g/t) | (tonnes) | Gold (g/t) | Silver (g/t) | Ounces Gold | Ounces Silver |
0.30 | 3,570,000 | 0.67 | 0.38 | 76,327 | 43,386 |
0.50 | 2,020,000 | 0.88 | 0.45 | 57,086 | 29,160 |
0.70 | 1,130,000 | 1.11 | 0.53 | 40,218 | 19,146 |
Table 26: Mayflower inferred resource
Gold Cutoff | Tonnes > Cutoff | Grade > Cutoff | Contained | ||
(g/t) | (tonnes) | Gold (g/t) | Silver (g/t) | Ounces Gold | Ounces Silver |
0.30 | 2,180,000 | 0.56 | 0.28 | 38,969 | 19,695 |
0.50 | 950,000 | 0.78 | 0.36 | 23,793 | 10,904 |
0.70 | 470,000 | 0.98 | 0.42 | 14,748 | 6,392 |
Mineral resources are not mineral reserves and there is no assurance that any mineral resources will ultimately be reclassified as proven or probable reserves. Mineral resources which are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. U.S. Investors should read the ";Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Reserve and Resource Estimates"; above concerning the difference between ";resources"; and ";reserves";.
The Company is currently conducting an integrated structural/mineralization analysis of the North Bullfrog District using the knowledge gained at Mayflower to better define follow-up drill targets in the other mineralized zones defined to date. The Company is planning a follow-up exploration/drill program to address expansions of the Mayflower deposit as well as to define new deposits in this well mineralized area of Nevada.
The Company proposes a program consisting of sampling, mapping and reverse circulation and diamond drilling. Drilling would consist of a combination of reverse circulation holes along strike to the southeast where the zone is covered by post-mineralization volcanics and to the northwest to explore for the possible off-set extension. A total of 12 reverse circulation holes to the southeast and 6 to the northwest along the Mayflower Zone are proposed to test for extensions of that zone. Six triple core holes into the areas where reverse circulation recoveries were marginal would be drilled to better determine the grade of the zone. An additional six reverse circulation holes would be drilled along the northern extension of the Airtrack Hill zone where it appears to extend under gravel cover. That zone appears to be stratabound and the northern extension could contain a zone of replacement-type precious metal mineralization.
The program would also provide for additional prospecting, sampling and mapping, and each area of anomalous gold, associated trace elements, and alteration would be visited and evaluated for the need for additional mapping and sampling. This would be followed by creating cross sections through the drill areas and compiling all of the available drill hole information. A CSAMT geophysical survey may also be carried out in the Savage Valley area to map alteration and lithologies below gravel cover. Once this information is assembled additional drill targets should be identified. The anticipated costs of this program are set forth in Table 27.
Table 27: Proposed budget for proposed exploration program at NBP
ITEM | ESTIMATED COST USD | |||
Mayflower Drilling | ||||
Mob/Demob cost-two drills one core one RC | 25,000 | |||
Geological Support cost+expenses | 75,000 | |||
Diamond drilling-1,000 meters @ USD 150/meter, all-in | 150,000 | |||
RC Drilling-3,600 meters @ USD 60/meter, all in | 216,000 | |||
Analytical work and sample preparation | 100,000 | |||
Data analysis and report preparation | 15,000 | |||
Contingency | 19,000 | |||
Mayflower area total | 600,000 | |||
Airtrack Hill Drilling | ||||
Move RC drill from Mayflower | 1,000 | |||
Geological Support cost+expenses | 10,000 | |||
RC Drilling-1,200 meters @ USD 60/meter, all in | 72,000 | |||
Analytical work and sample preparation | 40,000 | |||
Data analysis and report preparation | 60,000 | |||
Contingency | 17,000 | |||
Airtrack Hill total | 200,000 | |||
Geological Evaluation of NBP | ||||
Geologist-field work+expenses | 50,000 | |||
Geochemical analyses | 15,000 | |||
Geologist-data evaluation | 25,000 | |||
CSAMT survey at Savage Valley | 10,000 | |||
Geological evaluation total | 100,000 | |||
GRAND TOTAL | 900,000 | |||
The Company has not yet determined when to proceed with the proposed program, but it is likely that this would not be until early 2009.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $2,198,647 in the acquisition (including property payments), maintenance and exploration of the NBP.
There is no significant physical plant or equipment at North Bullfrog. The North Bullfrog property is without known reserves, and the Company’s exploration programs at North Bullfrog are exploratory in nature.
Painted Hills
The Painted Hills Project is a joint venture (the Company is presently earning its interest in the joint venture) with Redstar. The project consists of 50 unpatented U.S. federal mining claims originally staked by Redstar and an additional 246 unpatented U.S. federal mining claims staked by the Company covering the projected extent of the system inclusive of a nearby silicic dome complex which has similar alteration and geochemistry to the area staked by Redstar.
The Painted Hills project is accessed by turning south on Knott Creek Road (maintained gravel surface) off of paved U.S. Highway 140, 9.4 miles west of Denio Junction, Nevada. The project is then entered via an unmaintained dirt road extending west from Knott Creek Road approximately 4.4 miles south of Highway 140. This unmaintained dirt road ends at the project site approximately 2 miles from the Knott Creek road turnoff.
The Painted Hills project is about 140 kilometres northwest of Winnemucca, Nevada. The project area is dominated by a large alteration zone related to the upper parts of a volcanic-hosted epithermal vein system. Key gold system indicators at Painted Hills include low-grade gold in high level chalcedonic veining together with a mercury-bearing opal-chalcedony vein zone approximately 100 metres wide which is surrounded by kaolinite-opal alteration. The strike-length of the vein and alteration system is at least 1.5 kilometres long containing multiple zones over a system width of at least 500 metres. The exploration model is for high-grade gold to be deposited at the boiling level at depth beneath the exposed gold-poor, mercury-rich opaline alteration zone. In addition to gold and mercury, the system is strongly enrichments in antimony, arsenic and molybdenum. This exploration model has been proven in several districts in Nevada where gold deposits underlie similar gold-poor or gold-absent opaline zones. The recent spot sampling of the early drill hole has also confirmed that the system has widespread gold in its upper levels and the extensive silicification reflects high fluid flow in the system.
The Painted Hills gold system is exposed along a range-front fault, and portions of the system may by concealed by alluvium in the adjacent valley. This range-front setting is a favourable geologic environment. A CSAMT geophysical survey carried out on behalf of the Company has indicated a broad zone of silicification at depth (now confirmed with drilling). This survey has also indicated that the covered area to the east of the main target area has several concealed faults which represent new exploration targets.
The initial drill program, carried out by the Company in the summer of 2007, included 4 core holes, totalling 1,852 metres, targeted on an undrilled high level epithermal vein system. The results indicate that the system has significant size potential. The newly acquired ground to the south of the area drilled was found to contain a volcanic dome complex with favourable alteration.
Results of the Painted Hills drilling include a number of 3 to 9 metre intervals of gold in the 0.10-0.20 g/t range (the best being 9.5 metres @ 0.20 g/t gold) and associated anomalous trace element values in zones of high level or distal chalcedonic quartz. The results validate the exploration model, which predicted increasing gold values at depth approaching a potential orebody. For example, strongly elevated molybdenum, with arsenic, antimony and mercury, correlate with the anomalous gold. New surface work has highlighted several areas interpreted to be closer to the center of the system which could host high-grade gold veins.
Although the results of the Company’s initial exploration program were encouraging, the Company’s decision to focus on its Livengood project means that it does not propose a further work program at Painted Hills at this time. Accordingly, other than the maintenance costs of the unpatented mining claims and the payment due to Redstar, the Company does not currently propose any expenditures on the Painted Hills Property in 2009. The Company has incurred sufficient expenditures to meet its expenditure requirements to maintain the option agreement with Redstar in good standing until 2010.
To May 31, 2008, the Company has incurred an aggregate of $924,249 in the acquisition (including property payments), maintenance and exploration of the NBP.