d881761_20-f.htm
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
FORM
20-F
(Mark
One)
[ ]
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REGISTRATION
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g)
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OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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OR
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[X]
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ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
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OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For
the fiscal year ended
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OR |
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[
]
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TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
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OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For
the transition period from
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OR |
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[ ]
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SHELL
COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
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OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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Date
of event requiring this shell company report
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For
the transition period from
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Commission
file number
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000-50113
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Golar
LNG Limited
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(Exact
name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Golar
LNG Limited
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(Translation
of Registrant’s name into English)
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Bermuda
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(Jurisdiction
of incorporation or organization)
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Par-la-Ville
Place, 14 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton, HM 08, Bermuda
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(Address
of principal executive offices)
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Georgina
Sousa, Tel +41 295 4705, Fax 441 295 3494,
Address
Par-la-Ville
Place, 14 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton, HM 08,
Bermuda
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(Name,
Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company contact
person)
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Securities
registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the
Act.
Title
of each class
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Name
of each exchange on which registered
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Common
Shares, par value $1.00
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NASDAQ
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Securities
registered or to be registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the
Act.
Securities
for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the
Act.
Indicate
the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or
common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report.
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67,576,866
Common Shares, par value $1.00
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Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in
Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
If
this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the
registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 of 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act 1934
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.
Large
accelerated filer
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Accelerated
filer
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X
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Non-accelerated
filer
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Indicate
by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to
follow.
Indicate
by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the
financial statements included in this filing:
U.S.
GAAP
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X
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International
Financial Reporting Standards
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Other
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If
this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a
shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
INDEX
TO REPORT ON FORM 20-F
PART
I
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PAGE
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ITEM
1.
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IDENTITY
OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
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2
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ITEM
2.
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OFFER
STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
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2
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ITEM
3.
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KEY
INFORMATION
|
2
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ITEM
4.
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INFORMATION
ON THE COMPANY
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16
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ITEM
4A.
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UNRESOLVED
STAFF COMMENTS
|
32
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ITEM
5.
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OPERATING
AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
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33
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ITEM
6.
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DIRECTORS,
SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
|
59
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ITEM
7.
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MAJOR
SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
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63
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ITEM
8.
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FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
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64
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ITEM
9.
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THE
OFFER AND LISTING
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65
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ITEM
10.
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ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
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66
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ITEM
11.
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QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
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71
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ITEM
12.
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DESCRIPTION
OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
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73
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PART
II
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ITEM
13.
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DIVIDEND
ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
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73
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ITEM
14.
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MATERIAL
MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF
PROCEEDS
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73
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ITEM
15.
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CONTROLS
AND PROCEDURES
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73
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ITEM
16.
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RESERVED
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74
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ITEM
16A.
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AUDIT
COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
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74
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ITEM
16B.
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CODE
OF ETHICS
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75
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ITEM
16C.
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PRINCIPAL
ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
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75
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ITEM
16D.
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EXEMPTIONS
FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
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75
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ITEM
16E.
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PURCHASES
OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED
PURCHASERS
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75
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PART
III
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ITEM
17.
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FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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76
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ITEM
18.
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FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
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76
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ITEM
19.
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EXHIBITS
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77
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CAUTIONARY
STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Matters
discussed in this report may constitute forward-looking statements. The Private
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides safe harbor protections for
forward-looking statements in order to encourage companies to provide
prospective information about their business. Forward-looking statements include
statements concerning plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or
performance, and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are other
than statements of historical facts.
Golar
LNG Limited, or the Company, desires to take advantage of the safe harbor
provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is
including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor
legislation. This report and any other written or oral statements made by us or
on our behalf may include forward-looking statements, which reflect our current
views with respect to future events and financial performance. When used in this
report, the words “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “forecast,”
“project,” “plan,” “potential,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “expect” and similar
expressions identify forward-looking statements.
The
forward-looking statements in this report are based upon various assumptions,
many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without
limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends, data
contained in our records and other data available from third parties. Although
we believe that these assumptions were reasonable when made, because these
assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and
contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and are beyond our
control, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish these
expectations, beliefs or projections.
In
addition to these important factors and matters discussed elsewhere herein and
in the documents incorporated by reference herein, important factors that, in
our view, could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed
in the forward-looking statements include the strength of world economies,
fluctuations in currencies and interest rates, general market conditions,
including fluctuations in charter hire rates and vessel values, changes in
demand in the tanker market, including changes in demand resulting from changes
in OPEC’s petroleum production levels and world wide oil consumption and
storage, changes in the Company’s operating expenses, including bunker prices,
drydocking and insurance costs, changes in governmental rules and regulations or
actions taken by regulatory authorities, potential liability from pending or
future litigation, general domestic and international political conditions,
potential disruption of shipping routes due to accidents, political events or
acts by terrorists, and other important factors described from time to time in
the reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
ITEM
1. IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not
Applicable
ITEM
2. OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not
Applicable
Throughout
this report, the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” all refer to Golar LNG Limited
and to its wholly owned subsidiaries. Unless otherwise indicated, all references
to “USD,”“U.S.$” and “$” in this report are U.S. dollars.
A. Selected
Financial Data
The
following selected consolidated and combined financial and other data summarize
our historical consolidated financial information. We derived the information as
at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 2007 from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements
included in Item 18 of this annual report on Form 20-F, prepared in accordance
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America,
or U.S. GAAP.
The
selected income statement data with respect to the years ended December
31, 2004 and 2003 and the selected balance sheet data as at December
31, 2005, 2004 and 2003, has been derived from audited consolidated financial
statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP not included
herein.
The
following table should also be read in conjunction with Item 5. “Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects” and the Company’s Consolidated Financial
Statements and Notes thereto included herein.
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At or for the Fiscal Year
Ended
December 31
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2007
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2006
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2005
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2004
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2003
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(in
thousands of U.S. $, except number of shares, per common share data, fleet
and other financial data)
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Income
Statement Data:
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Total
operating revenues
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224,674 |
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239,697 |
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171,042 |
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163,410 |
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132,765 |
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Gain
on sale of newbuilding
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41,088 |
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- |
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- |
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|
- |
|
|
|
- |
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Vessel
operating expenses (1)
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52,986 |
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44,490 |
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37,215 |
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35,759 |
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30,156 |
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Voyage
expenses (2)
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10,763 |
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9,582 |
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4,594 |
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2,561 |
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2,187 |
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Administrative
expenses
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18,645 |
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13,657 |
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12,219 |
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8,471 |
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7,138 |
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Restructuring
costs
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- |
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- |
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1,344 |
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- |
|
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- |
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Depreciation
and amortization
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60,163 |
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56,822 |
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50,991 |
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40,502 |
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31,147 |
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Impairment
of long-lived assets
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2,345 |
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- |
|
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|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
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Operating
income
|
|
|
120,860 |
|
|
|
115,146 |
|
|
|
64,679 |
|
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|
76,117 |
|
|
|
62,137 |
|
Gain
on sale of available-for-sale securities
|
|
|
46,276 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Net
financial expenses
|
|
|
(65,592 |
) |
|
|
(52,156 |
) |
|
|
(39,319 |
) |
|
|
(25,304 |
) |
|
|
(15,140 |
) |
Income
before equity in net earnings of investees, income taxes and minority
interests
|
|
|
101,544 |
|
|
|
62,990 |
|
|
|
25,360 |
|
|
|
50,813 |
|
|
|
46,997 |
|
Income
taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
(6,248 |
) |
|
|
(8,306 |
) |
|
|
(9,323 |
) |
|
|
(7,995 |
) |
|
|
(7,427 |
) |
Equity
in net earnings of investees
|
|
|
13,640 |
|
|
|
16,989 |
|
|
|
18,492 |
|
|
|
13,015 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Gain
on sale of investee
|
|
|
27,268 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Net
income
|
|
|
136,204 |
|
|
|
71,673 |
|
|
|
34,529 |
|
|
|
55,833 |
|
|
|
39,570 |
|
Earnings
per common share
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-
basic (3)
|
|
|
2.09 |
|
|
|
1.09 |
|
|
|
0.53 |
|
|
|
0.85 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
-
diluted (3)
|
|
|
2.07 |
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
0.84 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
Cash
dividends declared and paid per common share
|
|
|
2.25 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
- |
|
Weighted
average number of shares – basic (3)
|
|
|
65,283 |
|
|
|
65,562 |
|
|
|
65,568 |
|
|
|
65,612 |
|
|
|
58,533 |
|
Weighted
average number of shares - diluted (3)
|
|
|
65,715 |
|
|
|
65,735 |
|
|
|
65,733 |
|
|
|
65,797 |
|
|
|
58,623 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
Sheet Data (at end of year):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
|
185,739 |
|
|
|
56,616 |
|
|
|
62,227 |
|
|
|
51,598 |
|
|
|
117,883 |
|
Restricted
cash and short-term investments (4)
|
|
|
52,106 |
|
|
|
52,287 |
|
|
|
49,448 |
|
|
|
41,953 |
|
|
|
32,095 |
|
Amounts
due from related parties
|
|
|
712 |
|
|
|
778 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
180 |
|
Long-term
restricted cash (4)
|
|
|
792,038 |
|
|
|
778,220 |
|
|
|
696,308 |
|
|
|
714,802 |
|
|
|
623,179 |
|
Equity
in net assets of non-consolidated investees
|
|
|
14,023 |
|
|
|
97,255 |
|
|
|
65,950 |
|
|
|
48,869 |
|
|
|
12,176 |
|
Newbuildings
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
49,713 |
|
|
|
111,565 |
|
|
|
145,233 |
|
|
|
207,797 |
|
Vessels
and equipment, net
|
|
|
659,018 |
|
|
|
669,639 |
|
|
|
533,008 |
|
|
|
371,867 |
|
|
|
211,098 |
|
Vessels
under capital lease, net
|
|
|
789,558 |
|
|
|
796,186 |
|
|
|
676,036 |
|
|
|
706,516 |
|
|
|
553,385 |
|
Total
assets
|
|
|
2,573,610 |
|
|
|
2,566,189 |
|
|
|
2,230,695 |
|
|
|
2,110,329 |
|
|
|
1,783,968 |
|
Current
portion of long-term debt
|
|
|
80,037 |
|
|
|
72,587 |
|
|
|
67,564 |
|
|
|
66,457 |
|
|
|
61,331 |
|
Current
portion of obligations under capital leases
|
|
|
5,678 |
|
|
|
5,269 |
|
|
|
2,466 |
|
|
|
2,662 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Long-term
debt
|
|
|
735,629 |
|
|
|
803,771 |
|
|
|
758,183 |
|
|
|
636,497 |
|
|
|
593,904 |
|
Long-term
obligations under capital leases (5)
|
|
|
1,024,086 |
|
|
|
1,009,765 |
|
|
|
801,500 |
|
|
|
842,853 |
|
|
|
616,210 |
|
Minority
interest (6)
|
|
|
36,983 |
|
|
|
32,436 |
|
|
|
27,587 |
|
|
|
26,282 |
|
|
|
18,706 |
|
Stockholders’
equity
|
|
|
552,532 |
|
|
|
507,044 |
|
|
|
434,554 |
|
|
|
402,770 |
|
|
|
338,801 |
|
Common
shares outstanding (3)
|
|
|
67,577 |
|
|
|
65,562 |
|
|
|
65,562 |
|
|
|
65,612 |
|
|
|
65,612 |
|
|
|
At or for the Fiscal Year
Ended
December 31
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
Cash
Flow Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
73,055 |
|
|
|
117,219 |
|
|
|
71,026 |
|
|
|
82,028 |
|
|
|
60,077 |
|
Net
cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
224,435 |
|
|
|
(268,993 |
) |
|
|
(213,176 |
) |
|
|
(356,113 |
) |
|
|
(658,515 |
) |
Net
cash (used in) provided by financing activities
|
|
|
(168,367 |
) |
|
|
146,163 |
|
|
|
152,779 |
|
|
|
207,800 |
|
|
|
663,580 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fleet
Data (unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number
of vessels at end of year (7)
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
Average
number of vessels during year (7)
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
11.52 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
8.33 |
|
|
|
6.34 |
|
Average
age of vessels (years)
|
|
|
14.7 |
|
|
|
13.7 |
|
|
|
15.3 |
|
|
|
15.9 |
|
|
|
19.3 |
|
Total
calendar days for fleet
|
|
|
4,380 |
|
|
|
4,214 |
|
|
|
3,645 |
|
|
|
3,023 |
|
|
|
2,315 |
|
Total
operating days for fleet (8)
|
|
|
3,732 |
|
|
|
3,845 |
|
|
|
2,976 |
|
|
|
2,660 |
|
|
|
2,140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
Financial Data (Unaudited):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted
EBITDA (9)
|
|
$ |
268,207 |
|
|
$ |
188,957 |
|
|
$ |
134,162 |
|
|
$ |
129,634 |
|
|
$ |
93,284 |
|
Average
daily time charter equivalent earnings (9)
|
|
$ |
51,000 |
|
|
$ |
55,700 |
|
|
$ |
46,200 |
|
|
$ |
54,900 |
|
|
$ |
57,300 |
|
Average
daily vessel operating costs (10)
|
|
$ |
12,097 |
|
|
$ |
10,558 |
|
|
$ |
10,210 |
|
|
$ |
11,800 |
|
|
$ |
13,000 |
|
Footnotes
(1)
|
Vessel
operating expenses are the direct costs associated with running a vessel
including crew wages, vessel supplies, routine repairs, maintenance and
insurance. In addition, prior to the April 2005 reorganization, vessel
operating expenses also included an allocation of overheads allocable to
vessel operating expenses.
|
(2)
|
The
majority of our vessels are operated under time charters. Under a time
charter, the charterer pays substantially all of the vessel voyage costs,
which are primarily fuel and port charges. However, we may incur voyage
related expenses when positioning or repositioning vessels before or after
the period of a time charter, during periods of commercial waiting time or
while off-hire during a period of
drydocking.
|
(3)
|
Basic
earnings per share is computed based on the income available to common
shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding. The
computation of diluted earnings per share assumes the conversion of
potentially dilutive instruments.
|
(4)
|
Restricted
cash and short-term investments consist of bank deposits, which may only
be used to settle certain pre-arranged loan or lease payments and for the
year ended December 31, 2006, deposits made in accordance with our
contractual obligations under the Equity Swap Line
facility.
|
(5)
|
We
have entered into eight lease financing arrangements, which are classified
as capital leases.
|
(6)
|
Minority
interest refers to a 40% ownership interest held by Chinese Petroleum
Corporation in the Golar
Mazo.
|
(7)
|
In
each of the periods presented above, we had a 60% interest in one of our
vessels and a 100% interest in our remaining
vessels.
|
(8)
|
The
operating days for our fleet is the total number of days in a given period
that the vessels were in our possession less the total number of days
off-hire. We define days off-hire as days spent on repairs, drydockings,
special surveys and vessel upgrades or during periods of commercial
waiting time during which we do not earn charter
hire.
|
(9)
|
Non-GAAP
Financial Measures
|
Adjusted
EBITDA. Earnings before interest, other financial items, taxes, minority
interest, depreciation and amortization is used as a supplemental financial
measure by management and external users of financial statements, such as
investors, to assess our financial and operating
performance. Adjusted EBITDA facilitates our management’s and
investors’ ability to make operating and performance comparisons from period to
period and against the performance of other companies in our industry that
provide adjusted EBITDA information. This increased comparability is
achieved by excluding the potentially disparate effects between periods or
companies of interest, other financial items, taxes, depreciation and
amortization, which items are affected by various and possibly changing
financing methods, capital structure and historical cost basis and which items
may significantly affect net income between periods. We believe that including
adjusted EBITDA as a financial and operating measure benefits investors in (a)
selecting between investing in us and other investment alternatives and (b)
monitoring our ongoing financial and operational strength in assessing whether
to continue to hold common units.
Adjusted
EBITDA is not defined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or
U.S. GAAP. Moreover, adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of operating
income or operating performance presented in accordance with U.S.
GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and when
assessing our operating performance, you should not consider adjusted EBITDA in
isolation, or as a substitute for net income (loss) or other combined
consolidated income statement data prepared in accordance with U.S.
GAAP.
We
compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our U.S. GAAP results
and using adjusted EBITDA only supplementally. The following table
reconciles net income to adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA represents net income
plus net interest expense, which includes interest income, interest expense,
provision for taxation, depreciation and amortization and other financial
items. We note, however, that because not all companies use identical
calculations, this presentation of adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to
similarly-titled measures of other companies in our industry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in
thousands of U.S.$)
|
|
Net
income
|
|
|
136,204 |
|
|
|
71,673 |
|
|
|
34,529 |
|
|
|
55,833 |
|
|
|
39,570 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
60,163 |
|
|
|
56,822 |
|
|
|
50,991 |
|
|
|
40,502 |
|
|
|
31,147 |
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
(54,906 |
) |
|
|
(40,706 |
) |
|
|
(35,653 |
) |
|
|
(31,879 |
) |
|
|
(14,800 |
) |
Interest
expense
|
|
|
112,336 |
|
|
|
101,298 |
|
|
|
82,479 |
|
|
|
61,987 |
|
|
|
37,157 |
|
Other
financial items, net
|
|
|
8,162 |
|
|
|
(8,436 |
) |
|
|
(7,507 |
) |
|
|
(4,804 |
) |
|
|
(7,217 |
) |
Income
taxes and minority interest
|
|
|
6,248 |
|
|
|
8,306 |
|
|
|
9,323 |
|
|
|
7,995 |
|
|
|
7,427 |
|
Adjusted
EBITDA
|
|
|
268,207 |
|
|
|
188,957 |
|
|
|
134,162 |
|
|
|
129,634 |
|
|
|
93,284 |
|
TCE. In order to
compare vessels trading under different types of charters, it is standard
industry practice to measure the revenue performance of a vessel in terms of
average daily time charter equivalent earnings, or “TCE.” For time charters,
this is calculated by dividing total operating revenues, less any voyage
expenses, by the number of calendar days minus days for scheduled
off-hire. Under a time charter, the charterer pays substantially all
of the vessel voyage related expenses. However, we may incur voyage
related expenses when positioning or repositioning vessels before or after the
period of a time charter, during periods of commercial waiting time or while
off-hire during a period of drydocking. The following table
reconciles our total operating revenues to average daily TCE. However, TCE is
not defined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles or U.S. GAAP.
Therefore other companies may calculate TCE using a different method.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(in
thousands of U.S.$, except number of days and
average
daily TCE)
|
|
Total
operating revenues
|
|
|
224,674 |
|
|
|
239,697 |
|
|
|
171,042 |
|
|
|
163,410 |
|
|
|
132,765 |
|
Voyage
expenses
|
|
|
(10,763 |
) |
|
|
(9,582 |
) |
|
|
(4,594 |
) |
|
|
(2,561 |
) |
|
|
(2,187 |
) |
|
|
|
213,911 |
|
|
|
230,115 |
|
|
|
166,448 |
|
|
|
160,849 |
|
|
|
130,578 |
|
Calendar
days less scheduled off-hire days
|
|
|
4,197 |
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
|
|
3,602 |
|
|
|
2,930 |
|
|
|
2,279 |
|
Average
daily TCE (to
the closest $100)
|
|
|
51,000 |
|
|
|
55,700 |
|
|
|
46,200 |
|
|
|
54,900 |
|
|
|
57,300 |
|
(10)
|
We
calculate average daily vessel operating costs by dividing vessel
operating costs by the number of calendar
days.
|
B. Capitalization and
Indebtedness
Not
Applicable
C. Reasons
for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not
Applicable
D. Risk
Factors
Some
of the following risks relate principally to our business or to the industry in
which we operate. Other risks relate principally to the securities market and
ownership of our shares. Any of these risks, or any additional risks not
presently known to us or risks that we currently deem immaterial, could
significantly and adversely affect our business, our financial condition, our
operating results and the trading price of our common shares.
Risks
Related to our Business
We
generate a substantial majority of our revenue from a limited number of
customers under long-term agreements, the unanticipated termination or loss of
one or more of these agreements or these customers would likely interrupt our
related cash flow.
We
receive a substantial majority of our revenues and cash flow from a limited
number of customers. During the year ended December 31, 2007, we
received 80.6% of our revenues from three customers, BG Group plc, or BG,
accounted for 37.8%, Royal Dutch Shell Plc, or Shell, accounted for 26.2% and PT
Pertamina (PERSERO), or Pertamina, accounted for 16.6% of our total operating
revenues, respectively. After the expected conversion of three of our
vessels the Golar
Spirit, the Golar
Winter and the Golar
Freeze, as floating storage re-gasification units, or FSRUs, in the
second quarter of 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively, we will employ these
vessels under two 10 year time charters with Petroleo Brasieiro S.A., or
Petrobras and a 10 year time charter with Dubai Supply Authority, or
DUSUP. Upon such employment we expect to receive a majority of our
revenue from BG, Shell, Pertamina, Petrobras and DUSUP.
|
We
may be unable to retain our existing customers
if:
|
|
v
|
our
customers are unable to make charter payments because of its financial
inability, disagreements with us or
otherwise;
|
|
v
|
in
certain circumstances, our customers may exercise their right to terminate
their charters early, in the event
of:
|
|
Ø
|
a
default of our obligations under the
charter;
|
|
Ø
|
a
war or hostilities that would significantly disrupt the free trade of the
vessel;
|
|
Ø
|
a
requisition by any governmental authority;
or
|
|
Ø
|
with
respect to the Golar
Spirit and Golar
Winter, upon six months’ written notice at any time after the fifth
anniversary of the commencement of the charter,
Petrobras:
|
|
·
|
may exercise its option to purchase the vessel after a
specified time period upon payment of a termination
fee;
|
|
·
|
may
terminate the charters of either because we fail to deliver the Golar Spirit or the
Golar Winter if:
(i) we do not deliver the vessel on time, (ii) the vessel is lost or
damaged beyond repair, (iii) there are serious deficiencies in the vessel,
(iv) there are prolonged periods of off-hire, or we default under the
charter;
|
|
·
|
the
vessel fails to satisfy certain contractual performance requirements after
delivery.
|
|
Ø
|
with
respect to the Golar
Freeze, upon six months’ written notice at any time after the fifth
anniversary of the commencement of the charter, DUSUP may exercise its
option to terminate the charter upon payment of a termination
fee.
|
|
v
|
a
prolonged force majeure event affecting the customer, including damage to
or destruction of relevant production facilities, war or political unrest
which may prevent us from performing services for that
customer.
|
The
loss of any of our customers may have an adverse effect on our business, results
of operations and financial condition.
We
operate some of our vessels on fixed-term charters or in the spot/short-term
charter market for LNG vessels. Failure to find profitable employment for these
vessels, or our other vessels following completion of their fixed-term
agreements, could adversely affect our operations.
Currently,
we have eight vessels trading on medium or long-term charters, which expire
between 2009 and 2024, and a further two vessels commencing long-term charters
in June 2008 and August 2009. The Company’s other vessels are trading
in the spot/short-term charter market, the market for chartering an LNG carrier
for a single voyage or short time period up to one year. Medium to
long-term time charters generally provide reliable revenues and they also limit
the portion of our fleet available for short-term business during an upswing in
the LNG industry cycle, when spot/short-term market voyages might be more
profitable. The charter rates payable under time charters or in the spot market
will depend upon, among other things, economic conditions in the LNG market. We
also cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully employ our vessels
in the future or re-deploy our LNG carriers following completion of their
fixed-term agreements at rates sufficient to allow us to operate our business
profitably or meet our obligations. If we are unable to re-deploy an LNG
carrier, we will not receive any revenues from that vessel, but we may be
required to pay expenses necessary to maintain the vessel in proper operating
condition. A decline in charter or spot rates or a failure to
successfully charter our vessels could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations and ability to meet our financing
obligations.
Our
charters with Shell have variable rates and certain termination
rights.
Three
of our vessels are time chartered to Shell, the Gracilis, the Grandis and the Granosa, under five year
charter agreements, which may be terminated by Shell under certain
circumstances. The charter rates we earn from these charters are
variable and are directly connected to the prevailing market rates. In the event
that Shell does not employ the vessels for their own use, they must market the
vessels for use by third parties. If Shell cannot find employment for
these ships there could be periods where the vessels incur commercial waiting
time and do not generate revenues. If these vessels are not employed profitably,
or the charters are terminated, our cash flows may be seriously
impacted.
Due
to the lack of diversification in our lines of business, adverse developments in
the LNG industry would negatively impact our results of operations, financial
condition and our ability to pay dividends.
We
currently rely primarily on the revenues generated from our business of
transporting LNG. Due to the lack of diversification in our lines of business,
an adverse development in our LNG business, or in the LNG industry, generally
would have a significant impact on our business, financial condition and results
of operations and our ability to pay dividends to our
shareholders.
We
may incur losses if we are unable to expand into other areas of the LNG
industry
A
principal component of our strategy is to expand profitably into other areas of
the LNG industry beyond the traditional transportation of LNG. We have not
previously been involved in other LNG industry businesses and our expansion into
these areas may not be profitable and we may incur losses including losses in
respect of expenses incurred in relation to project development. Our ability to
integrate vertically into upstream and downstream LNG activities depends
materially on our ability to identify attractive partners and projects and
obtain project financing at a reasonable cost.
If
there are substantial delays or cost overruns in completion of the modification
of three of our vessels to FSRUs or if they do not meet performance requirements
our earnings and financial condition could suffer.
In
September 2007, we entered into time charter agreements with Petrobras which
require the conversion of the Golar Spirit and the Golar Winter into
FSRUs. After their respective conversions, both the Golar Spirit and the Golar Winter will be
chartered by Petrobras on 10 year time charters, each with a charterer’s option
to extend the charter for up to an additional five years. The
Petrobras charters commence on the delivery of each of the vessels, which we
expect in the second quarters of 2008 and 2009, respectively.
In
April 2008, we entered into a time charter with DUSUP which also requires
conversion of the Golar
Freeze into a FSRU. The time charter is for a period of 10
years with a charter’s option to extend the charter for an additional five
years. The DUSUP charter will commence on the delivery of the vessel, which we
expect in the second quarter of 2010.
While
newbuilding FSRUs have been constructed in the past, no LNG carrier has been
retrofitted for FSRU service. Due to the new and highly technical
process, retrofitting an existing LNG carrier for FSRU service may only be
performed by a limited number of contractors, thus, a change of contractors may
result in higher costs or a significant delay to our existing delivery
schedule. Furthermore, the completion of the retrofitting of LNG
vessels is subject to the risk of cost overrun. Any delay in delivery to
Petrobras or DUSUP would likely lead to us paying liquidated
damages. Any substantial delay in the conversion of our LNG vessels
into FSRUs would result in our breach of the Petrobras or DUSUP time charter
agreements, which may lead to their termination. In addition, if the
vessels do not meet the performance requirements under the charters, the charter
rates could be adjusted downwards or the contracts cancelled. The
occurrence of any or a combination of the above risks would have a significant
negative impact on our cash flows and earnings.
Our
lack of experience in operating FSRUs could adversely affect our ability to
operate profitably, expand our relationships with existing customers and obtain
new customers.
We
have no experience in providing floating storage and regasification services,
which are technically complicated. We expect delivery of the Golar Spirit, the Golar Winter and the Golar Freeze in the second
quarter of 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. As we have no
experience in operating FSRUs, it is difficult to predict our management needs.
Accordingly, we may be required to increase the number of
employees. In addition, the market for FSRUs is smaller and less
mature than the market for LNG carriers. Our lack of experience in
operating FSRUs and the uncertain nature of the market in the future could
adversely affect our ability to operate profitably, expand our relationships
with existing customers and obtain new customers. Our failure to
achieve any of these objectives could have a material adverse effect on our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
An
increase in costs could materially and adversely affect our financial
performance.
Our vessel operating expenses and
drydock capital expenditure depend on a variety of factors including crew costs,
provisions, deck and engine stores and spares, lubricating oil, insurance,
maintenance and repairs and shipyard costs, many of which are beyond our control
and affect the entire shipping industry. Also, while we do not bear the cost of
fuel (bunkers) under our time charters, fuel is a significant, if not the
largest, expense in our operations when our vessels are offhire, idle during
periods of commercial waiting time or when positioning or repositioning before
or after a time charter. The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and
fluctuates based on events
outside our control, including geopolitical developments, supply and demand for
oil and gas, actions by OPEC and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in
oil-producing countries and regions, regional production patterns
and environmental concerns. These may increase vessel operating and drydocking
costs further. If costs continue to rise, they could materially and
adversely affect our results of operations.
We
may be unable to attract and retain key management personnel in the LNG
industry, which may negatively impact the effectiveness of our management and
our results of operation.
Our
success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and the efforts of
our senior executives. While we believe that we have an experienced management
team, the loss or unavailability of one or more of our senior executives for any
extended period of time could have an adverse effect on our business and results
of operations.
An increased shortage of qualified
officers and crew could have an adverse effect on our business and financial
condition.
LNG
carriers and FSRUs require a technically skilled officer staff with specialized
training. As the world LNG carrier fleet and FSRU fleet continue to
grow, the demand for technically skilled officers and crew has been increasing,
which has led to a shortfall of such personnel. Increases in our
historical vessel operating expenses have been attributable primarily to the
rising costs of recruiting and retaining officers for our fleet. In
addition, our FSRUs will require an additional engineer, deck officer and cargo
officer. Furthermore, each key officer crewing an FSRU must receive
specialized training related to the operation and maintenance of the
regasification equipment. If we or our third party ship managers are
unable to employ technically skilled staff and crew, we will not be able to
adequately staff our vessels. A material decrease in the supply of
technically skilled officers or an inability of our third party managers to
attract and retain such qualified officers could impair our ability to operate
or increase the cost of crewing our vessels, which would materially adversely
affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and
significantly reduce our ability to make distributions to
shareholders.
In
addition, the Golar
Spirit and Golar
Winter will be employed by Petrobras in Brazil. As a result,
we will be required to hire a certain portion of Brazilian personnel to crew
these vessels in accordance with Brazilian law. Any inability to
attract and retain qualified Brazilian crew members could adversely affect our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our
loan and lease agreements are secured by our vessels and contain operating and
financial restrictions and other covenants that may restrict our business and
financing activities and our ability to make cash distributions to our
shareholders.
Covenants
in our loan and lease agreements require the consent of our lenders and our
lessors or otherwise limit our ability to:
|
·
|
merge
into or consolidate with any other entity or sell or otherwise dispose of
all or substantially all of their
assets;
|
|
·
|
make
or pay equity distributions;
|
|
·
|
incur
additional indebtedness;
|
|
·
|
incur
or make any capital expenditure;
|
|
·
|
materially
amend, or terminate, any of our current charter contracts or management
agreements; or
|
If
the ownership interest controlled by John Fredriksen, our chairman, and his
affiliated entities falls below 25% of our share capital, a default of some of
our loan agreements and lease agreements to which we are a party would occur.
Similarly, if we were to be in any other form of default which we could not
remedy, such as payment default, our lessors, having legal title to our leased
vessels, or our lenders, who have mortgages over some of our vessels, could be
entitled to sell our vessels in order to repay our debt and or lease
liabilities.
Covenants
in our loan and lease agreements may effectively prevent us from paying
dividends should our Board of Directors wish to do so and may require us to
obtain permission from our lenders and lessors to engage in some other corporate
actions. Our lenders’ and lessors’ interests may be different from those of our
shareholders and we
cannot guarantee investors that we will be able to obtain our lenders’ and
lessors’ permission when needed. This may adversely affect our earnings and
prevent us from taking actions that could be in our shareholders’ best
interests.
If
we do not maintain the financial ratios contained in our loan and lease
agreements or we are in any other form of default such as payment default, we
could face acceleration of the due date of our debt and the loss of our
vessels.
Our
loan and lease agreements require us to maintain specific financial levels and
ratios, including minimum amounts of available cash, ratios of current assets to
current liabilities (excluding current long-term debt), ratios of net debt to
earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization and the level of
stockholders’ equity. Although we currently
comply with these requirements if we were to fall below these levels we would be
in default of our loans and lease agreements and the due date of our debt could
be accelerated and our lease agreements terminated, which could result in the
loss of our vessels. Our ability to comply with covenants and restrictions
contained in our loan and lease agreements may be affected by events beyond our
control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry
conditions. If market or other economic conditions deteriorate, our
ability to comply with these covenants may be impaired. If
restrictions, covenants, ratios or tests in our debt instruments are breached, a
significant portion of the obligations may become immediately due and
payable. We may not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to
make these accelerated payments. In addition, obligations under our
financing arrangements are secured by certain of our vessels and guaranteed by
our subsidiaries holding the interests in our vessels, and if we are unable to
repay debt under the credit facility, the lenders could seek to foreclose on
those assets.
Eight of our
vessels are financed by U.K. tax leases. In the event of any adverse
tax changes or a successful challenge by the U.K. Revenue authorities with
regard to the initial tax basis of the transactions or in the event of an early
termination of a lease, we may be required to make additional payments to the
U.K. vessel lessors, which could adversely affect our earnings and financial
position.
Eight
of our vessels are financed by U.K. tax leases. In the event of any
adverse tax changes to legislation affecting the tax treatment of the leases for
the U.K. vessel lessors or a successful challenge by the U.K. Revenue
authorities to the tax assumptions on which the transactions were based, or in
the event that we terminate one or both of our U.K. tax leases before their
expiration, we would be required to return all or a portion of, or in certain
circumstances significantly more than, the upfront cash benefits that we have
received or that have accrued over time, together with fees that were financed
in connection with our lease financing transactions, or post additional security
or make additional payments to the U.K. vessel lessors. Any additional payments
could adversely affect our earnings and financial position. The upfront benefits
we have received equates to the cash inflow we received in connection with the
six leases we entered into during 2003 (in total approximately £41 million
British pounds).
Servicing
our debt and lease agreements substantially limits our funds available for other
purposes.
A
large part of our cash flow from operations must go to paying principal and
interest on our debt and lease agreements. As of December 31, 2007, our net
indebtedness (including loan debt, capital lease obligations, net of restricted
cash and short-term deposits and net of cash and cash equivalents) was $816.0
million and our ratio of net indebtedness to total capital (comprising net
indebtedness plus shareholders’ equity and minority interest) was
0.58.
We
may also incur additional indebtedness to fund our possible expansion into other
areas of the LNG industry, for example in respect of our FSRU projects. Debt
payments reduce our funds available for expansion into other parts of the LNG
industry, working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes. In addition,
our business is capital intensive and requires significant capital outlays that
result in high fixed costs. We cannot assure investors that our existing and
future contracts will provide revenues adequate to cover all of our fixed and
variable costs.
Because
we are a foreign corporation, you may not have the same rights that a
shareholder in a U.S. corporation may have
We
are a Bermuda corporation. Our memorandum of association and Bye-laws and the
Bermuda Companies Act 1981, as amended, govern our affairs. Investors may have
more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions by
management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a
corporation incorporated in a United States jurisdiction. Under Bermuda law, a
director generally owes a fiduciary duty only to the company; not to the
company’s shareholder. Our shareholders may not have a direct course of action
against our directors. In addition, Bermuda law does not provide a mechanism for
our shareholders to bring a class action lawsuit under Bermuda law. Further, our
Bye-laws provide for the indemnification of our directors or officers against
any
liability arising out of any act or omission except for an act or omission
constituting fraud, dishonesty or illegality.
Because
our offices and most of our assets are outside the United States, you may not be
able to bring suit against us, or enforce a judgment obtained against us in the
United States.
Our
executive offices, administrative activities and assets are located outside the
United States. As a result, it may be more difficult for investors to effect
service of process within the United States upon us, or to enforce both in the
United States and outside the United States judgments against us in any action,
including actions predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal
securities laws of the United States.
We
may have to pay tax on United States source income, which would reduce our
earnings.
Under
the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, 50% of the gross
shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves
and our subsidiaries, that is attributable to transportation that begins or
ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States, may be subject
to a 4% United States federal income tax without allowance for deduction, unless
that corporation qualifies for exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code
and the applicable Treasury Regulations recently promulgated
thereunder.
We
expect that we and each of our subsidiaries will qualify for this statutory tax
exemption and we will take this position for United States federal income tax
return reporting purposes. However, there are factual circumstances beyond our
control that could cause us to lose the benefit of this tax exemption and
thereby become subject to United States federal income tax on our United States
source income. Therefore, we can give no assurances on our tax-exempt status or
that of any of our subsidiaries.
If
we or our subsidiaries are not entitled to exemption under Section 883 of the
Code for any taxable year, we, or our subsidiaries, could be subject for those
years to an effective 4% United States federal income tax on the gross shipping
income these companies derive during the year that are attributable to the
transport or cargoes to or from the United States. The imposition of this tax
would have a negative effect on our business and would result in decreased
earnings available for distribution to our shareholders.
Terrorist
attacks, increased hostilities or war could lead to further economic
instability, increased costs and disruption of our business.
Terrorist
attacks, such as the attacks that occurred in the United States on September 11,
2001, the bombings in Spain on March 11, 2004, the bombings in London on July 7,
2005, and the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan and other current and
future conflicts, may adversely affect our business, operating results,
financial condition, ability to raise capital and future
growth. Continuing hostilities in the Middle East and elsewhere may
lead to additional armed conflicts or to further acts of terrorism and civil
disturbance in the United States or elsewhere, which may contribute further to
economic instability and disruption of natural gas production and distribution,
which could result in reduced demand for our services.
In
addition, LNG facilities, shipyards, vessels (including conventional LNG
carriers and FSRUs), pipelines and gas fields could be targets of future
terrorist attacks. Any such attacks could lead to, among other
things, bodily injury or loss of life, vessel or other property damage,
increased vessel operational costs, including insurance costs, and the inability
to transport LNG to or from certain locations. Terrorist attacks, war
or other events beyond our control that adversely affect the production,
storage, transportation or regasification of LNG to be shipped or processed by
us could entitle our customers to terminate our charter contracts, which would
harm our cash flow and our business.
Terrorist
attacks, or the perception that LNG facilities, LNG carriers and FSRUs are
potential terrorist targets, could materially and adversely affect expansion of
LNG infrastructure and the continued supply of LNG to the United States and
other countries. Concern that LNG facilities may be targeted for
attack by terrorists has contributed to significant community and environmental
resistance to the construction of a number of LNG facilities, primarily in North
America. If a terrorist incident involving an LNG facility, LNG
carrier or FSRU did occur, in addition to the possible effects identified in the
previous paragraph, the incident may adversely affect construction of additional
LNG facilities or FSRUs or the temporary or permanent closing of various LNG
facilities or FSRUs currently in operation.
An
increase in interest rates could materially and adversely affect our financial
performance
As of December 31, 2007, we had a total
long-term debt and net capital lease obligations (net of restricted cash)
outstanding of $1,012.5 million. As of March 31, 2008, we had a total long-term
debt and net capital lease obligations of $1,114.5 million of which currently
$989.5 million is exposed to a floating rate of interest. We also use interest
rate swaps to manage interest rate risk. As of March 31, 2008, our interest rate
swap arrangements effectively fix the interest rate exposure on $632.3 million
of floating rate bank debt and capital lease obligation. If interest rates rise
significantly, our results of operations could be materially and adversely
affected. Increases and decreases in interest rates will affect the cost of
floating rate debt but may also affect the mark-to-market valuation of interest
rate swaps which will also affect our results. Additionally, to the extent that
our lease obligations are secured by restricted cash deposits, our exposure to
interest rate movements are hedged to a large extent. However, movements in
interest rates may require us to place more cash into our restricted deposits
and this could also materially and adversely affect our results of
operations.
Exposure
to currency exchange rate fluctuations will result in fluctuations in our
cash flows and operating results.
Currency
exchange rate fluctuations and currency devaluations could have an adverse
effect on our results of operations from quarter to
quarter. Historically our revenue has been generated in U.S. Dollars,
but we incur capital, operating and administrative expenses in multiple
currencies, including, among others, the British Pound and the
Euro. If the U.S. Dollar weakens significantly, we would be required
to convert more U.S. Dollars to other currencies to satisfy our obligations,
which would cause us to have less cash available for distribution.
We
are exposed to foreign currency exchange fluctuations as a result of expenses
paid by certain subsidiaries in currencies other than U.S. dollars, such as
British pounds (GBP), in relation to our administrative office in the U.K.,
operating expenses incurred in a variety of foreign currencies and Euros and
Singapore dollars, among others, in respect of our FSRU conversion
contracts. If the U.S. dollar weakens significantly this could increase
our expenses and therefore could have a negative effect to our financial
results.
Under
the charters for the Golar
Spirit and the Golar
Winter, we will generate a portion of our revenues in Brazilian
Reais. Income under these charters is split into two
components. The component that relates to operating expenses (the
minority) is paid in Brazilian Reais, whereas the capital component is paid in
U.S. Dollars. We will incur some operating expenses in Brazilian
Reais but we will also have to convert Brazilian Reais into other currencies,
including U.S. Dollars, in order to pay the remaining operating expenses
incurred in other currencies. If the Brazilian Real weakens
significantly, we may not have sufficient Brazilian Reais to convert to other
currencies to satisfy our obligations in respect of the operating expenses
related to these charters, which would have a negative effect on our financial
results and cash flows.
We
have entered into currency forward contracts or similar derivatives to mitigate
our exposure to these foreign exchange rate fluctuations in respect of our
capital commitments relating to our FSRU conversion contracts.
Eight
of our vessels are financed by U.K. tax leases, seven of which are denominated
in British pounds. The majority of our British pound capital lease obligations
are hedged by British pound cash deposits securing the lease obligations or by
currency swap. However, these are not perfect hedges and a
significant strengthening of the U.S. dollar could give rise to an increase in
our financial expenses and could materially affect our financial results (see
Item 11- Foreign currency risk).
We
have invested $8.6 million in an Australian listed company, Liquefied Natural
Gas Limited. We may lose some or all of this investment.
The
value of our investment in Liquefied Natural Gas Limited, or LNGL may be
impacted by many factors, including LNGL’s future financial results, the general
stock market movements in the Australian stock exchange and other events over
which we have no control. We may lose some or all of our investment in
LNGL.
We
may not be able to obtain financing to fund our growth or our future capital
expenditures, which could negatively impact our results of operations, financial
condition and our ability to pay dividends.
In order
to fund future vessel acquisitions, increased working capital levels or capital
expenditures, we may be required to use cash from operations, incur borrowings
or raise capital through the sale of debt or additional equity
securities. Use of cash from operations may reduce the amount of cash available
for dividend distributions. Our ability to obtain bank financing or to access
the capital markets for any future debt or equity offerings may be limited by
our financial condition at the time of such financing or offering, as well as by
adverse market conditions resulting from, among other things, general economic
conditions and contingencies and uncertainties that are beyond our control. Our
failure to obtain funds for future vessel acquisitions or capital expenditures
could impact our results of operations, financial condition and our ability to
pay dividends. The issuance of additional equity securities would dilute your
interest in our Company and reduce dividends payable to you. Even if we are
successful in obtaining bank financing, paying debt service would limit cash
available for working capital and increasing our indebtedness could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows,
financial condition and ability pay dividends.
We
are a holding company, and our ability to pay dividends will be limited by the
value of investments we currently hold and by the distribution of funds from our
subsidiaries.
We
are a holding company whose assets mainly comprise of equity interests in our
subsidiaries and other quoted and non-quoted companies. As a result, should we
decide to pay dividends we would be dependent on the performance of our
operating subsidiaries and other investments. If we were not able to receive
sufficient funds from our subsidiaries and other investments, including from the
sale of our investment interests, we will not be able to pay dividends unless we
obtain funds from other sources. We may not be able to obtain the necessary
funds from other sources on terms acceptable to us.
Risks
Related to the LNG Shipping Industry
The
operation of LNG carriers and FSRUs is inherently risky, and an incident
involving significant loss of or environmental consequences involving any of our
vessels could harm our reputation and business.
. The
operation of an ocean-going vessel carries inherent risks. These risks include
the possibility of:
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Environmental
accidents; and
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Business
interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism,
political action in various countries, labor strikes, or adverse weather
conditions.
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Any
of these circumstances or events could increase our costs or lower our revenues.
The involvement of our vessels in an oil spill or other environmental disaster
may harm our reputation as a safe and reliable LNG carrier
operator.
If
our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired. The costs of vessel
repairs are unpredictable and can be substantial. We may have to pay repair
costs that our insurance policies do not cover. The loss of earnings whilst
these vessels are being repaired, as well as the actual cost of these repairs,
would decrease our results of operations. If one of our vessels were involved in
an accident with the potential risk of environmental contamination, the
resulting media coverage could have a material adverse effect on our business,
our results of operations and cash flows, weaken our financial condition and
negatively affect our ability to pay dividends.
Decreases
in charter rates for LNG carriers when we are seeking to re-deploy our vessels
may adversely affect our earnings.
Charter
rates for LNG carriers fluctuate over time as a result of changes in the
supply-demand balance relating to current and future LNG carrier capacity. This
supply-demand relationship largely depends on a number of factors outside our
control. The LNG market is closely connected to world natural gas prices and
energy markets, which we cannot predict. A substantial or extended decline in
natural gas prices could adversely affect our charter business as well as our
business opportunities. Our ability from time to time to charter or re-charter
any vessel at attractive rates will depend on, among other things, the
prevailing economic conditions in the LNG industry.
Maritime
claimants could arrest our vessels, which could interrupt our cash
flow.
If
we are in default on some kinds of obligations, such as those to our crew
members, suppliers of goods and services to our vessels or shippers of cargo,
these parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against one or more of our
vessels. In many jurisdictions, a maritime lien holder may enforce its lien by
arresting a vessel through foreclosure proceedings. In a few jurisdictions,
claimants could try to assert “sister ship” liability against one vessel in our
fleet for claims relating to another of our vessels. The arrest or attachment of
one or more of our vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay
to have the arrest lifted. Under some of our present charters, if the vessel is
arrested or detained for as little as 14 days as a result of a claim against us,
we may be in default of our charter and the charterer may terminate the
charter.
The
LNG transportation industry is competitive and we may not be able to compete
successfully, which would adversely affect our earnings.
The
LNG transportation industry in which we operate is competitive, especially with
respect to the negotiation of long-term charters. Competition arises primarily
from other LNG carrier owners, some of whom have substantially greater resources
than we do. Furthermore, new competitors with greater resources could enter the
market for LNG carriers and FSRUs and operate larger fleets through
consolidations, acquisitions, or the purchase of new vessels, and may be able to
offer lower charter rates and more modern fleets. If we are not able to compete
successfully, our earnings could be adversely affected. Competition may also
prevent us from achieving our goal of profitably expanding into other areas of
the LNG industry.
Our
vessels are required to trade globally and we must therefore conduct our
operations in many parts of the world, and accordingly our vessels are exposed
to international risks, which could reduce revenue or increase
expenses.
We
conduct global operations and transport LNG from politically unstable regions.
Changing economic, regulatory and political conditions in some countries,
including political and military conflicts, have from time to time resulted in
attacks on vessels, mining of waterways, piracy, terrorism and other efforts to
disrupt shipping. The terrorist attacks against targets in the United States on
September 11, 2001, the military response by the United States and the conflict
in Iraq may increase the likelihood of acts of terrorism worldwide. Acts of
terrorism, regional hostilities or other political instability could affect LNG
trade patterns and reduce our revenue or increase our expenses. Further, we
could be forced to incur additional and unexpected costs in order to comply with
changes in the laws or regulations of the nations in which our vessels operate.
These additional costs could have a material adverse impact on our operating
results, revenue, and costs.
Our
insurance coverage may be insufficient to cover losses that may occur to our
property or result from our operations.
The
operation of LNG carriers and FSRUs is inherently risky. Although we
carry protection and indemnity insurance, all risks may not be adequately
insured against, and any particular claim may not be paid. Any claims
covered by insurance would be subject to deductibles, and since it is possible
that a large number of claims may be brought, the aggregate amount of these
deductibles could be material. Certain of our insurance coverage is
maintained through mutual protection and indemnity associations, and as a member
of such associations we may be required to make additional payments over and
above budgeted premiums if member claims exceed association
reserves.
We
may be unable to procure adequate insurance coverage at commercially reasonable
rates in the future. For example, more stringent environmental
regulations have led in the past to increased costs for, and in the future may
result in the lack of availability of, insurance against risks of environmental
damage or pollution. A marine disaster could exceed our insurance
coverage, which could harm our business, financial condition and operating
results. Any uninsured or underinsured loss could harm our business
and financial condition. In addition, our insurance may be voidable
by the insurers as a result of certain of our actions, such as our ships failing
to maintain certification with applicable maritime self-regulatory
organizations.
Changes
in the insurance markets attributable to terrorist attacks may also make certain
types of insurance more difficult for us to obtain. In addition, upon
renewal or expiration of our current policies, the insurance that may be
available to us may be significantly more expensive than our existing
coverage.
We
may incur significant liability that would increase our expenses if any of our
LNG carriers discharged fuel oil (bunkers) into the environment.
International
environmental conventions, laws and regulations, including United States’
federal laws, apply to our LNG carriers. If any of the vessels that we own or
operate were to discharge fuel oil into the environment, we could face claims
under these conventions, laws and regulations. We must also carry evidence of
financial responsibility for our vessels under these regulations. United States
law also permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with
regard to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, and a
number of states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for
oil spills.
Any
future changes to the laws and regulations governing LNG carrier vessels could
increase our expenses to remain in compliance.
The
laws of the nations where our vessels operate as well as international treaties
and conventions regulate the production, storage, and transportation of LNG. Our
operations are materially affected by these extensive and changing environmental
protection laws and other regulations and international conventions, including
those relating to equipping and operating our LNG carriers and
FSRUs. We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, substantial
expenses in complying with these laws and regulations, including expenses for
vessel modifications and changes in operating procedures. While we believe that
we comply with current regulations of the International Maritime Organization,
or IMO, any future non-compliance could subject us to increased liability, lead
to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and result in
the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. Furthermore, future United
States federal and state laws and regulations as then in force, or future
regulations adopted by the IMO, and any other future regulations, may limit our
ability to do business or we may be forced to incur additional costs relating to
such matters as LNG carrier construction, maintenance and inspection
requirements, development of contingency plans for potential leakages and
insurance coverage.
Growth
of the LNG market may be limited by infrastructure constraints and community and
political group resistance to new LNG infrastructure over concerns about
environmental, safety and terrorism.
A
complete LNG project includes production, liquefaction, regasification, storage
and distribution facilities and LNG carriers. Existing LNG projects
and infrastructure are limited, and new or expanded LNG projects are highly
complex and capital intensive, with new projects often costing several billion
dollars. Many factors could negatively affect continued development
of LNG infrastructure and related alternatives, including FSRUs, or disrupt of
the supply of LNG, including:
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increases
in interest rates or other events that may affect the availability of
sufficient financing for LNG projects on commercially reasonable
terms;
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decreases
in the price of LNG, which might decrease the expected returns relating to
investments in LNG projects;
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the
inability of project owners or operators to obtain governmental approvals
to construct or operate LNG
facilities;
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local
community resistance to proposed or existing LNG facilities based on
safety, environmental or security
concerns;
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any
significant explosion, spill or similar incident involving an LNG
facility, LNG carrier or FSRU; and
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labor
or political unrest affecting existing or proposed areas of LNG production
and regasification.
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We
believe some of the proposals to expand existing or develop new LNG liquefaction
and regasification facilities will be abandoned or significantly delayed due to
the factors mentioned above. If the LNG supply chain is disrupted or
does not continue to grow, or if a significant LNG explosion, spill or similar
incident occurs, it could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make cash
distributions.
Risks
Related to our Common Shares
Our
Chairman may have the ability to effectively control the outcome of significant
corporate actions.
John
Fredriksen, our chairman, and his affiliated entities beneficially own 45.97% of
our outstanding common shares. As a result, Mr. Fredriksen and his affiliated
entities have the potential ability to effectively control the outcome of
matters on which our shareholders are entitled to vote, including the election
of all directors and other significant corporate actions.
Because
we are a Bermuda corporation, you may have less recourse against us or our
directors than shareholders of a U.S. company have against the directors of that
U.S. Company.
Because
we are a Bermuda company the rights of holders of our common shares will be
governed by Bermuda law and our memorandum of association and bye-laws. The
rights of shareholders under Bermuda law may differ from the rights of
shareholders in other jurisdictions. Among these differences is a Bermuda law
provision that permits a company to exempt a director from liability for any
negligence, default, or breach of a fiduciary duty except for liability
resulting directly from that director’s fraud or dishonesty. Our bye-laws
provide that no director or officer shall be liable to us or our shareholders
unless the director’s or officer’s liability results from that person’s fraud or
dishonesty. Our bye-laws also require us to indemnify a director or officer
against any losses incurred by that director or officer resulting from their
negligence or breach of duty except where such losses are the result of fraud or
dishonesty. Accordingly, we carry directors’ and officers’ insurance to protect
against such a risk. In addition, under Bermuda law the directors of a Bermuda
company owe their duties to that company, not to the shareholders. Bermuda law
does not generally permit shareholders of a Bermuda company to bring an action
for a wrongdoing against the company, but rather the company itself is generally
the proper plaintiff in an action against the directors for a breach of their
fiduciary duties. These provisions of Bermuda law and our bye-laws, as well as
other provisions not discussed here, may differ from the law of jurisdictions
with which investors may be more familiar and may substantially limit or
prohibit shareholders ability to bring suit against our directors.
Investor
confidence and the market price of our common stock may be adversely impacted if
we are unable to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.
We
are subject to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires us
to include in our annual report on Form 20-F, our management’s report on, and
assessment of the effectiveness of, our internal controls over financial
reporting. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over
financial reporting, we will not be in compliance with all of the requirements
imposed by Section 404. Any failure to comply with Section 404 could result in
an adverse reaction in the financial marketplace due to a loss of investor
confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which ultimately
could harm our business and could negatively impact the market price of our
common stock. We believe the ongoing costs of complying with these requirements
may be substantial.
ITEM
4. INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History
and Development of the Company
We
are a LNG Shipping company formed on May 10, 2001 from our predecessor. We are
engaged in the acquisition, ownership, operation and chartering of LNG carriers
and FSRUs through our subsidiaries. As of April 2008, our fleet consisted of 13
vessels. We lease eight LNG carriers under long-term financial
leases, we owned four vessels and we own a 60% interest in the Golar Mazo through a joint
arrangement with the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, the Taiwanese state oil and
gas company. Five of our LNG carriers are currently contracted under long-term
charters, two LNG carriers are currently contracted under short-term charters
and three vessels are in medium term, five-year market related charter contracts
with Shell. In addition, we have entered into three, 10 year charters
for three of our LNG carriers upon the completion of their conversion for FSRU
service. We expect delivery of these vessels in the second quarter of
2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
We are
incorporated under the laws of the Islands of Bermuda and maintain our principal
executive headquarters at Par-la-Ville Place, 14 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton,
Bermuda. Our telephone number at that address is (+1) 441-295-4705. Our
principal administrative offices are located at 30 Marsh Wall, London, United
Kingdom.
Our
business was originally founded in 1946 as Gotaas-Larsen Shipping Corporation.
Gotaas-Larsen entered the LNG shipping business in 1970 and was acquired by
Osprey Maritime Limited, then a Singapore listed publicly traded company, in
1997. In May 2001, World Shipholding Ltd., a company indirectly controlled by
John Fredriksen, our chairman and president, completed an acquisition of Osprey,
which was then delisted from the Singapore Stock Exchange. On May 21, 2001, we
acquired the LNG shipping interests of Osprey. World Shipholding currently owns
45.97% of our issued and outstanding common shares.
We
listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange in July 2001 and on Nasdaq in December
2002.
Since
May 2001, our primary acquisitions and capital expenditures have been in
connection with the construction of seven newbuildings. During the three years
ended December 31, 2007, we have invested $382.0 million in our newbuildings,
principally purchase installments and taken delivery of six vessels. In February
2007, we signed an agreement to sell our seventh newbuilding prior to its
scheduled delivery in mid 2007 for proceeds of approximately $92.5 million. In
April 2007, we were awarded contracts, by Petrobras, to convert Golar Winter and Golar Spirit into FSRUs. Both
time charters are for a period of 10 years with an option to extend for up to a
further five years. Employment of Golar Spirit is expected to
commence during the second quarter of 2008 and the Golar Winter is expected to
commence in the second quarter of 2009. Both vessels will need to undergo
modifications before going on hire in Brazil. The Golar Spirit is currently at
Keppel Shipyard in Singapore undergoing its conversion. In addition in January
2008 we completed the purchase of an LNG carrier from Shell.
In
the three years ended December 31, 2007, we have invested a total of $18.9
million to acquire interests in a number of companies, principally:
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In
2006, we purchased 23 million shares in Liquefied Natural Gas Limited, or
LNGL, an Australian publicly listed company, for a consideration of $8.6
million, making us LNGL’s largest shareholder. As of December
31, 2007, we had a 16.97% interest.
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In
November 2006, we invested $5.0 million to purchase a 20% interest in OLT
Offshore Toscana S.p.A, or OLT-O, an Italian unincorporated company
involved in the construction, development, operation and maintenance of a
Floating Storage Regasification Unit, or FSRU. As of December
31, 2007, we had a 16.4% interest.
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During
2007, we disposed of our entire interest in Korea Line Corporation, or Korea
Line, a Korean shipping company listed on the Korean stock exchange, which we
had acquired during 2003 and 2004 at a cost of $34.1 million, which resulted in
an aggregate gain on disposal of $73.6 million.
B. Business
Overview
We
are a leading independent owner and operator of liquid natural gas (or LNG)
carriers. As of April 2008, we have a fleet of 13 LNG carriers, two of which are
being retrofitted for floating storage and regasification unit service. We are
seeking to further develop our business in other areas of the LNG supply chain
other than shipping, in particular innovative marine based solutions such as
FSRU’s and floating LNG production.
The
Natural Gas Industry
Natural
gas is one of the world’s fastest growing energy sources and is likely to
continue to be so for at least the next 20 years. Already responsible for
approximately 20% of the world’s energy supply, the International Energy Agency,
or IEA, projects that LNG will provide for around 45% of the global supply
growth of natural gas between 2005 and 2010. According to the IEA, unprecedented
growth in new gas fired power plants are expected to provide a substantial part
of this incremental demand.
The
rate of growth of natural gas consumption has been almost twice that of oil
consumption during the last decade. The primary factors contributing to the
growth of natural gas demand include:
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Costs: Technological
advances and economies of scale have lowered capital expenditure
requirements.
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Environmental: Natural
gas is a clean-burning fuel. It produces less carbon dioxide and other
pollutants and particles per unit of energy production than coal, fuel oil
and other common hydrocarbon fuel
sources.
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Demand from Power
Generation: According to the IEA, natural gas is the
fastest growing fuel source for electricity generation worldwide
accounting for around 30 - 40% of the total incremental growth in
world-wide natural gas consumption.
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Market
Deregulation: Deregulation of the gas and electric power
industry in the United States, Europe and Japan, has resulted in new
entrants and an increased market for natural
gas.
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Significant Natural Gas
Reserves: Approximately half of the world’s remaining
hydrocarbon reserves are natural gas. As of January 1, 2007 reserves of
natural gas were estimated at approximately 6 trillion cubic feet (tcf) or
approximately 60 times the 100 tcf of natural gas produced worldwide in
2004.
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Emerging economies:
Projected average increases in emerging economies consumption of natural
gas of up to 4.1% per year up to 2025 are forecast by the IEA as compared
to 2.3% per annum average growth for transitional economies and 0.6% per
annum for mature economies.
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The
LNG Industry
Overview
LNG
is liquefied natural gas, produced by cooling natural gas to –163°C (-256° Fahrenheit), or just below
the boiling point of LNG’s main constituent, methane. LNG is produced in
liquefaction plants situated around the globe near gas deposits. In its
liquefied state, LNG occupies approximately 1/600th the
volume of its gaseous state. Liquefaction makes it possible to
transport natural gas efficiently and safely by sea in specialized vessels known
as LNG carriers. LNG is stored at atmospheric pressure in cryogenic tanks. LNG
is converted back to natural gas in regasification plants by raising its
temperature.
The
first LNG project was developed in the mid-1960s and by the mid-1970s LNG had
begun to play a larger role as energy companies developed remote gas reserves
that could not be served by pipelines in a cost-efficient manner. The LNG
industry is highly capital intensive and has historically been characterised by
long-term contracts. The long-term charter of LNG carriers to carry the LNG is,
and remains, an integral part of almost every project.
From
2000, LNG consumption has shown sustained annual growth of approximately 8% per
year. The Energy Information Administration of the United States Department of
Energy forecasts annual growth of LNG imports into the United States through
2030 amounting to approximately 8-10% per year.
Production
There
are three major regional areas that supply LNG. These are (i) Southeast Asia,
including Australia, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia, and under construction in
Russia (ii) the Middle East, including Qatar, Oman and United Arab
Emirates, with facilities under construction in Yemen, and (iii) the Atlantic
Basin countries, including Algeria, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Libya, Nigeria,
Norway and Trinidad with facilities under construction in Angola. For the first
time, South America entered into the LNG industry when Peru decided to construct
a LNG project last year. The expansion of existing LNG production facilities is
one of the major sources of growth in LNG production and most projects with gas
reserves available are considering growth of production.
Consumption
The
two major geographic areas that dominate worldwide consumption of LNG are East
Asia; including Japan, which remains by far the biggest importer in the world,
South Korea and Taiwan; and Europe, specifically Spain, France, Italy, Belgium
and Turkey. East Asia currently accounts for approximately 60% of the global LNG
market while Europe accounts for approximately 27%. In 2007, the
United States accounted for approximately 9.25% of the global LNG market, an
increase over 2007 of 7.2%.
There
are currently 16 LNG importing countries with more than 50 importing terminals.
Japan and South Korea are currently the two largest importers of LNG, accounting
for approximately 54% of the aggregate world LNG imports in
2007. Almost all natural gas consumption in Japan and South Korea is
based on LNG imports.
Seven LNG
import terminals operate in the United States, namely; Lake Charles, Louisiana,
Boston, Massachusetts, Elba Island, Georgia, Cove Point, Maryland, Freeport,
Sabine pass and the offshore terminal, Gulf Gateway.
In addition Costa Azul in Baja, California, Mexico provides gas to Southern
California as well as North Eastern Gateway, which as of April
2008, is awaiting commissioning. Expansion plans exist for
the Lake Charles (up to 1.8 bcf/day), Elba Island (up to 1.7 bcf/day) and Cove
Point (1.8 bcf/day) facilities. In addition four new terminals have commenced
construction with many more terminals under consideration. However, it is
unlikely that the majority of these plants will be constructed, due to demand,
cost and environmental restrictions.
The
LNG Fleet
As
of the end of March 2008, the world LNG carrier fleet consisted of 266 LNG
carriers with a total capacity of approximately 34 million cubic meters, or cbm.
Currently there are orders for around 124 (of all sizes) new LNG carriers with
expected delivery dates through to 2011.
The
current ‘standard’ size for LNG carriers is approximately 155,000 cbm, up from
125,000 cbm during the 1970’s. To assist with transportation unit cost reduction
the average size of vessels is rising steadily and there are now firm orders for
vessels of approximately 260,000 cbm. There are also some smaller LNG carriers,
mainly built for dedicated short distance trades. The cost of LNG carriers has
fluctuated from $280 million in the early 1990s to approximately $220 million
currently for the current standard size depending on the mode of
propulsion.
LNG
carriers are designed for an economic life of approximately 40 years. Therefore
all but a very few of the LNG carriers built in the 1970s still actively trade.
In recent contract renewals, LNG vessels have been placed under time charters
with terms surpassing those vessels’ 40th anniversaries, which demonstrates the
economic life for such older vessels. As a result, limited scrapping of LNG
carriers has occurred or is likely to occur in the near future. In view of the
fact that LNG is clean and non-corrosive when compared to other products such as
oil and given that more has tended to be spent on maintenance of LNG vessels
than oil tankers, the pressure to phase out older vessels has been much less
than for crude oil tankers. We cannot, however, say that such pressure will not
begin to build in the future.
While
there are a number of different types of LNG vessels and “containment systems,”
there are two dominant containment systems in use today:
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The
Moss system was
developed in the 1970s and uses free standing insulated spherical tanks
supported at the equator by a continuous cylindrical skirt. In
this system, the tank and the hull of the vessel are two separate
structures.
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The
Membrane system
uses insulation built directly into the hull of the vessel, along with a
membrane covering inside the tanks to maintain their
integrity. In this system, the ship’s hull directly supports
the pressure of the LNG cargo.
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Illustrations
of these systems are included below:
Moss
System
|
Membrane
System
|
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Of
the current LNG vessels, including newbuildings on order, 62% employ the
membrane containment system, 35% employ the Moss system and the remaining 3%
employ other systems. Approximately 80% of newbuilds on order have
employed the membrane containment system, primarily because it most efficiently
utilizes the entire volume of a ship’s hull.
The
maximum worldwide production capacity for LNG carriers is in the region of 40
ships a year after the rapid expansion of production facilities over the past
five years, particularly in Korea. The actual output depends upon the relative
cost of LNG ships to other vessels and the relative demand for both. The
construction period for an LNG carrier is approximately 30-34 months. However,
based on current yard availability, the earliest delivery date for a new LNG
vessel ordered today is 2011. Any new project/trade with LNG vessel demand
before then will have to rely on existing or ordered vessels until potential new
orders can be delivered.
Offshore
LNG Regasification Terminals
There
are approximately 62 LNG regasification terminals operating in 17
countries. High natural gas prices and global economic growth has
stimulated growth in LNG production and trade, as well as the necessary
expansion of regasification infrastructure. Many existing
regasification terminals have considered or are currently in the process of
capacity expansions. Global regasification capacity is expected to
grow by more than twice the rate of LNG supplies to 2010 resulting in a
structural surplus. Most of the LNG regasification terminals
presently in operation, and most of those currently under development, are
onshore facilities. Many of these terminals are in heavily populated
regions and environmentally sensitive coastal areas, which face significant
opposition from a range of government, community, and environmental
groups. In many instances, this opposition has caused lengthy and
costly delays in obtaining permits and the ultimate completion of these
LNG regasification terminals. Additionally, when an
importing region’s natural gas demand is seasonal, onshore regasification
terminals are more likely to increase the average cost of LNG in periods of
greater demand to financially compensate for when an onshore terminal sits
underutilized during periods of low demand.
Floating/Offshore
Regasification Terminals
In
response to the limitations and political difficulties faced by onshore
terminals, many LNG importers around the world are exploring offshore LNG
regasification terminals as a cost effective and politically attractive
alternative to onshore facilities. Offshore terminals, which may be
located several miles from the coast, store and regasify the LNG and send it
onshore through a pipeline. As a result, such terminals do not
require transporting LNG near highly populated areas and, in some cases, are not
visible from the shore.
Offshore
terminals fall into two major classifications: gravity-based structures, or GBSs
and FSRUs. Both offer advantages over an onshore
development.
GBSs
are permanent offshore structures, consisting of a large steel or concrete
substructure resting on the seabed in water depths of less than 30
meters. The location and cost of GBS terminals are determined by a
variety of factors including water depth, wave conditions, soil conditions and
environmental requirements. Currently, there is a GBS presently under
construction off the coast of Italy.
FSRUs
offer significant advantages to GBSs because they may be employed in virtually
any water depth, greatly increasing the number of locations where they may
operate. In contrast to onshore terminals and GBSs, FSRUs are mobile
and may also be able to serve as a conventional LNG carrier during periods of
low demand and underutilization. FSRUs are significantly faster to
build and, in most cases, less expensive than equivalent onshore or GBS
facilities. Finally, in regions with political unrest or terrorism,
the offshore location and the mobility of the FSRU provides safety to the crew
and cargo.
FSRUs
are disadvantaged to onshore terminals and GBSs because they generally have less
storage and regasification capacity, may be dependent on favorable offshore
marine and environmental conditions, and may require an offshore natural gas
pipeline infrastructure to transport the gas to shore.
The
figure below depicts an FSRU.
In
general, FSRUs can be divided into four subcategories:
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permanently
located offshore;
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permanently
alongside (with LNG transfer being either directly ship to ship or over a
jetty);
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shuttle
carrier with regasification and discharge offshore (sometimes referred to
as energy bridge); and
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shuttle
carrier with alongside
discharge.
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The
unloading process used by FSRUs involves the vaporization of LNG and injection
of natural gas directly into one or more pipelines. FSRUs employ a
shell-and-tube vaporizer system that can operate in either open-loop and
closed-loop modes. In the open-loop mode, seawater is pumped through
the shell-and-tube system to provide the heat necessary to convert the LNG into
vapor. In the closed-loop system, a natural gas-fired boiler is used
to heat water circulated in a closed-loop through the shell-and-tube vaporizer
and a steam heater. The impact on the environment differs for each
mode of vaporization. The open-loop mode potentially impacts marine
life because of the low temperature of water discharged in connection with the
process, while closed-loop vaporization emits higher levels of carbon
dioxide.
Compared
to onshore terminals, FSRUs and other offshore LNG solutions are in the early
stages of commercialization. Several companies such as Golar and
Exmar NV are actively pursuing and marketing FSRU terminals to LNG importers
around the world. Golar is the first company to enter into an
agreement for the long-term employment of a FSRU with a LNG importer (we entered
into agreements with Petrobras for the employment of the Golar Spirit and the Golar Winter, which are
expected to begin in the second quarter of 2008 and 2009,
respectively). We believe several other LNG shipping companies are
currently evaluating the costs and the technology of FSRUs, but none have
entered the commercial market.
We
believe, based on our discussions with a broad range of natural gas importers,
LNG producers, trading companies and government authorities, that FSRUs will
become an accepted means of LNG regasification and storage in the next five
years, particularly in locations where political or environmental concerns may
prevent onshore facilities or in locations where the demand for LNG is sporadic
or seasonal.
Competition
– LNG carriers and FSRU’s
While
the majority of the existing world LNG carrier fleet is employed on long-term
charters, there is competition for the employment of vessels whose charters are
expiring and for the employment of vessels currently under
construction. Competition for long-term LNG charters is based
primarily on price, vessel availability, size, age and condition of the vessel,
relationships with LNG carrier users and the quality, LNG experience and
reputation of the operator. In addition, vessels coming off charter and newly
constructed vessels may operate in the emerging LNG carrier spot market that
covers short-term charters of one year or less.
While
we believe that we are the only independent LNG carrier owner and operator that
focus solely on LNG, other independent shipping companies also own and operate
LNG carriers and have new vessels under construction. These companies include BW
Gas ASA (Norway), Exmar S.A. (Belgium), Teekay LNG Partners, L.P and Höegh LNG.
Three Japanese ship owning groups, Mitsui O.S.K. Lines, Nippon Yusen Kaisha and
K Line, which traditionally provided LNG shipping services exclusively to
Japanese LNG companies, are now aggressively competing in western
markets. In addition, new competitors that have recently entered the
LNG shipping market include Maran Navigation of Greece, A P Moller of Denmark,
Overseas Shipholding Group of USA and Pronav ship management. There are other
owners who may also attempt to participate in the LNG market if
possible.
In
addition to independent LNG operators, some of the major oil and gas producers,
including Royal Dutch Shell, BP Amoco, and BG own LNG carriers and are reported
to have contracted for the construction of new LNG carriers. National gas and
shipping companies also have large fleets of LNG vessels which have and will
likely continue to expand. These include Malaysian International shipping
Company, or MISC, National Gas Shipping Company (Abu Dhabi) and Qatar Gas
Transport company, or Nikilat.
FSRUs
are in an early stage of their commercial development and thus there is less
competition than the more mature commercial market of LNG carriers. However,
interest in the sector is expected to increase. Currently, Golar,
EXMAR, Höegh LNG and MISC Berhad are among the few companies actively competing
for FSRU projects.
Our
Business Strategy
We
are a leading independent owner and operator of LNG carriers, providing both
traditional LNG transportation services and more recently mid-stream LNG
floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) solutions and
services. We have over 30 years of LNG industry
experience.
Our
strategy is to grow our business and to maximise returns to our shareholders
whilst providing safe, reliable and efficient LNG shipping and FSRU services to
our customers. We additionally seek to further diversify into other areas of the
mid-stream LNG supply chain in order to enhance our margins.
In
respect of our shipping operations we intend to build on our relationships with
existing customers and continue to develop new relationships. We aim to earn
higher margins through maintaining strong service-based relationships combined
with flexible and innovative LNG shipping solutions. We believe our customers
will have the confidence to place their business with us on the basis that our
core business is safe and reliable ship operation, while theirs is the
profitable sale or purchase of LNG.
We
have recently chartered the World’s first LNG carriers to be converted to FSRU’s
and intend to take advantage of our position in this relatively new market, as
well as our LNG experience and our shipping assets to grow our FSRU
business.
In
furtherance of our strategy to grow our business and maximise returns for our
shareholders we are actively seeking opportunities to invest upstream and
downstream in the LNG supply chain, where our shipping assets and our 30 + years
of industry experience can add value. We believe we can achieve this aim while
at the same time diversifying our sources of income and thereby strengthen the
Company.
Currently, we are investing in both
established LNG operations and technologies, and newly developing technologies,
such as offshore regasification operations and floating LNG production. We
expect to continue our focus on floating energy solutions and the provision of
the associated shipping services as a major area for business
development.
Specific
projects we are actively pursuing include the following:
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We
have entered into time charter agreements with Petrobras in respect of the
Golar Spirit and
the Golar Winter
and DUSUP in respect of the Golar Freeze, which
requires the conversion of these vessels into FSRUs. All three FSRUs will
be chartered by Petrobras or DUSUP for 10 year periods, with options to
extend the charter for up to an additional five years. The charters will
commence upon completion of the respective conversion, which we expect in
the second quarters of 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. We
are actively looking at several other similar project opportunities, which
include the provision of technical marine and LNG expertise for other
technically innovative projects.
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We
have been working on an offshore regasification project near Livorno,
Italy. A government decree approving the project was issued on February
23, 2006 and, in November 2006, we acquired a 20% share in the project
development company. The project will use the Golar Frost as a
floating terminal by installing regasification equipment on board the
vessel and permanently mooring her off the coast of Italy. We have
entered into a memorandum of agreement for the sale of the Golar Frost with the
project company (Golar currently has a 16% ownership interest in the
project company) and the project company has entered into a contract for
the conversion of the vessel into a
FSRU.
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We
currently have a 14.8% ownership interest in TORP Technology AS, or TORP,
which holds the rights to the “Hiload LNG Re-gasification Technology”
developed by Remora Technology AS. TORP has applied for a permit to build
an offshore LNG regasification terminal, to be located 60 miles off the
Alabama coast.
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During
the first quarter of 2006, we signed an agreement with LNGL, an Australian
publicly listed company, to purchase 23 million of its common shares. As a
result we are currently LNGL’s largest shareholder with a 16% holding.
LNGL is a company focused on developing and connecting previously
discovered but uncommercial gas reserves potential new energy markets.
Aside from our anticipation that our investment will increase in value, we
will also aim to tender for any shipping requirements LNGL might require
in the future.
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We
will consider the acquisition of new assets through third party acquisition or
through newbuilding contracts to support our business expansion.
Our
Competitive Strengths
We
believe we have established ourselves as a leading independent owner and
operator of LNG ships. Listed below are what we believe to be our key
competitive strengths:
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Operational excellence:
We are an experienced and professional provider of LNG shipping
that places value on operating to the highest industry standards of
safety, reliability and environmental
performance.
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Customer relationships:
Our success is directly linked to the service and value we deliver
to our customers. Our customers and partners include some of the biggest
participants in the LNG market: BG Group, Pertamina, Royal Dutch Shell
(Shell) and Petrobras.
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Secure cash flow: Eight
of our existing thirteen ships are on, or are contracted to start,
medium-term or long-term charters, which, provides a relatively secure and
stable cash flow and a financial platform for us to grow and
expand.
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LNG shipping experience:
We have more than 30 years of experience of operating LNG ships.
Our crewing activities are managed by three internationally recognized
third party ship managers which all have access to a large pool of
experienced LNG crew.
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Technical and
Commercial experience and expertise: With our existing assets,
extensive experience and significant technical and commercial expertise we
are able to quickly take advantage of market opportunities as they arise
and offer innovative solutions to our customers’
needs.
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FSRU leadership
position: We believe that our experience in converting the first
FSRU from an LNG carrier provides us a first mover advantage in securing
future FSRU opportunities.
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Relationship with the
Fredriksen Group. We believe there are opportunities for
meaningful operational and relationship-based synergies with members of
the Fredriksen Group. For example, there are technical
similarities between the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)
systems developed by Frontline Limited and the FSRU system developed by us
which has enabled us to make use of a common pool of engineering
talent. Furthermore, we have benefited in our dealings with
shipbuilders and customers due to our affiliation with the Fredriksen
Group.
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As
discussed above we are considering strategic opportunities in other areas of the
LNG industry. To the extent we do expand into new businesses, there can be no
assurance that we will be able to compete successfully in those areas. Our new
businesses may involve competitive factors that differ from those in the
carriage of LNG and may include participants that have greater financial
strength and capital resources than us.
Customers
We
receive a substantial majority of our revenue from long-term charter agreements
with three customers, BG, Shell and Pertamina.
Since
1989, we have chartered vessels to Pertamina. Our revenues from Pertamina were
$37.2 million, $61.9 million and $63.7 million for the years ended 2007, 2006
and 2005, respectively, representing 16.6%, 25.8% and 37.3% of our revenues over
the same period, respectively. Pertamina currently charters one vessel from
us.
Since
2000, we have chartered vessels to BG. Our revenues from BG were
$84.9 million, $87.3 million and $87.5 million for the years ended 2007, 2006
and 2005, respectively, representing 37.8%, 36.4% and 51.2% of our revenues over
the same period, respectively. BG currently charters four vessels from
us.
Since
2006, we have chartered vessels to Shell. Our revenues from Shell were $58.8
million, $43.6 million and $nil for the years ended 2007, 2006 and 2005,
respectively, representing 26.2%, 18.2% and 0% of our revenues over the same
period, respectively. We currently charter three vessels to Shell on five-year
charters, which contain a variable charter hire rate which is tied to the spot
market and two vessels on short-term charters. These agreements
represent a significant extension of our relationship base and an important
strategic link with Shell, who is one of the oldest and largest operators in the
LNG market.
We
continue to develop relationships with other major players in the LNG world,
evidenced by our recent agreements with Petrobras for two 10 year FSRU charters
and DUSUP for one 10 year FSRU charter. Other commercial relationships we have
developed include those with other customers Total, Suez, RasGas (Qatar),
Petronet (India), Sonatrach (Algeria) and MISC (Malaysia).
Our
Fleet
Current
Fleet
Our
currently trading fleet (including the Golar Spirit) represents
approximately 5.5% of the worldwide LNG carrier fleet (of vessels larger than
100,000 cbm) by number. As of April 2008, our fleet consists of 13 vessels. We
lease eight LNG carriers under long-term financial leases, we own four vessels
and we have a 60% interest in another LNG carrier through a joint arrangement
with the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, the Taiwanese state oil and gas company.
The
following table lists the LNG carriers in our current fleet:
Vessel
Name
|
Year
of
Delivery
|
|
Capacity
cbm.
|
|
Flag
|
Type
|
Charterer
|
Current
Charter Expiration
|
Hilli
|
1975
|
|
|
125,000 |
|
UK
|
Moss
|
Chartered
to BG until April 2008 short-term charters thereafter
|
na
|
Gimi
|
1976
|
|
|
125,000 |
|
UK
|
Moss
|
BG
|
2010
|
Golar
Freeze
(1)
|
1977
|
|
|
125,000 |
|
UK
|
Moss
|
Chartered
to BG until 2009. Thereafter chartered to DUSUP upon the
completion of the FSRU conversion
|
2020
|
Khannur
|
1977
|
|
|
125,000 |
|
UK
|
Moss
|
BG
|
2011
|
Golar
Spirit (1)
|
1981
|
|
|
128,000 |
|
MI
|
Moss
|
Chartered
to Petrobras upon the completion of the FSRU conversion
|
2018
|
Golar
Mazo (2)
|
2000
|
|
|
135,000 |
|
LIB
|
Moss
|
Pertamina
|
2017
|
Methane
Princess
|
2003
|
|
|
138,000 |
|
UK
|
Membrane
|
BG
|
2024
|
Golar
Winter (1)
|
2004
|
|
|
138,000 |
|
UK
|
Membrane
|
Chartered
on short-term charters until the vessel is converted for FSRU service.
Chartered to Petrobras upon the completion of the FSRU
conversion
|
2019
|
Golar
Frost (3)
|
2004
|
|
|
137,000 |
|
LIB
|
Moss
|
Short-term
charters until completion of sale agreement in June/July
2008
|
na
|
Gracilis
|
2005
|
|
|
140,000 |
|
MI
|
Membrane
|
Shell
|
2011
|
Grandis
|
2006
|
|
|
145,700 |
|
IOM
|
Membrane
|
Shell
|
2011
|
Granosa
|
2006
|
|
|
145,700 |
|
MI
|
Membrane
|
Shell
|
2011
|
Granatina
|
2003
|
|
|
140,000 |
|
MI
|
Membrane
|
Shell
|
2008
|
Key
to Flags:
LIB
– Liberian, UK – United Kingdom, MI – Marshall Islands, IOM – Isle of
Man
(1)
|
The
Golar Spirit is
currently being retrofitted for FSRU service, with delivery expected in
the second quarter of 2008, upon which it will commence its 10-year
charter with Petrobras. We have also entered into 10-year time charters
with Petrobras for the Golar Winter and with
DUSUP for the Golar
Freeze. Delivery of the Golar Winter and the
Golar Freeze for
FSRU service and the commencement of the charters are expected to occur in
the second quarters of 2009 and 2010,
respectively.
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(2)
|
We
have a 60% ownership interest in the Golar Mazo with the
remaining 40% owned by Chinese Petroleum
Corporation.
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(3)
|
We
entered into a memorandum of agreement with OLT Offshore LNG Toscana to
sell the Golar
Frost for $231.0 million, which will operate in the spot market
until its delivery into the “Livorno” project in mid
2008.
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Newbuildings
We
have entered into newbuilding contracts for the delivery of seven LNG carriers
since the beginning of 2001, six of which have already been delivered, the
seventh newbuilding was expected to be delivered in June 2007. However, in
February 2007, we entered into an agreement to sell this newbuilding, hull 2244,
for gross consideration of $92.5 million, realizing a profit of $41.0 million.
The sale was completed in March 2007.
The
selection of and investment in newbuildings is a key strategic decision for us.
We believe that our experience in the shipping industry has equipped our Board
and senior management with the ability to determine when to acquire options for
newbuildings and when to order the construction of newbuildings and the scope of
those constructions. Our Board and senior management have
established relationships with several shipyards, and this has enabled us to
access the currently limited shipyard slots to build LNG carriers.
Our
Charters
Our
vessels transport LNG from various facilities around the world. One
of our vessels serves routes between Indonesia and Taiwan, while four are
involved in the transportation of LNG from facilities in the Middle East, North
Africa and Trinidad to ports principally in the United States and Europe but
also Japan. Four of our vessels are currently operating on short-term
charters or available for short-term charter and the final three vessels are
under charter to Shell and operate worldwide.
Five
of our current LNG carriers are on long-term time charters to LNG producers
while three of our vessels will be chartered on a long-term basis as FSRUs
commencing in the second quarters of 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. These
charters generally provide us with stable income and cash flows.
Pertamina Charters. The
Golar Mazo is chartered
by Pertamina, the state-owned oil and gas company of Indonesia. The Golar Mazo, which we jointly
own with the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, transports LNG from Indonesia to
Taiwan under an 18-year time charter that expires at the end of 2017. In
addition, during 2006 the Golar Spirit was employed on
a 20-year time charter with Pertamina, this charter came to an end in November
2006. Pertamina has options to extend the Golar Mazo charter for two
additional periods of five years each.
Under
the Pertamina charter, the operating and drydocking costs of the Golar Mazo are
compensated by Pertamina on a cost pass-through basis. Pertamina also
pays for hire of the vessel during scheduled drydockings up to a specified
number of days for every two to three year period.
BG Charters. BG,
through its subsidiaries, charters four of our vessels on long-term time
charters. These vessels, the Golar Freeze, Khannur, Gimi,
and the Methane
Princess each transport LNG from export facilities in the Middle East and
Atlantic Basin nations to ports on the east coast of the United States, Europe
and Japan. BG determines the trading routes of these vessels. In
2008, an agreement was reached with BG to revise the schedule of delivery of
three of the vessels they have on charter. The Golar Freeze commenced a
five–year charter with BG on March 31, 2003 but will now be redelivered to us in
the third quarter of 2009. The charters for the Khannur and the Gimi will now expire in the
first quarter of 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2010, respectively.
Petrobras Charters: In 2007,
we entered into agreements with Petrobras to employ the Golar Spirit and the Golar Winter, following their
conversion to FSRUs. The Petrobras charters commence upon the
delivery of each of the vessels, which we expect in the second quarters of 2008
and 2009, respectively. The time charter employment for these vessels
is covered by two contracts, a time charter party covering hire of the vessel
payable in United States dollars and an operating and services agreement payable
in Brazilian Reals. These two agreements are interdependent and when combined
have the same effect as the time charters for our LNG carriers. Petrobras have
the option to purchase the vessel(s) after the second anniversary of delivery to
Petrobras, they also have the option to terminate the charter after the fifth
anniversary of delivery to Petrobras in consideration of a termination
fee.
In
the event of the late delivery of the Golar Spirit, Petrobras have
the right to receive liquidated damages. Liquidated damages
will be calculated on a daily basis up to a maximum of 180 days after the
scheduled delivery date.
Delivery
for the Golar Spirit
and the Golar Winter is
conditional upon certain performance requirements contained in the charter
agreement. Petrobras must commence inspection within 30 days of
delivery. If, either of the vessels
do not meet the required performance requirements and we are unable to repair
the defects within a reasonable period of time, Petrobras has the right to
accept delivery of the vessel and either pay us a reduced charter hire
rate or terminate the charter. If the vessel fails to pass the
delivery tests, where such tests were commenced after the 30 day period,
Petrobras may not terminate the charter and must allow us to make the requisite
repairs. Acceptance of the vessel occurs where the vessel meets or
exceeds the required performance levels, or Petrobras fails to commence
inspection within 30 days of delivery.
DUSUP Charter: In April 2008,
we entered into a 10-year time charter agreement with DUSUP to employ the Golar Freeze, following its
conversion to a FSRU. The charter is expected to commence upon
delivery of the vessel, which is expected in the second quarter of 2010. DUSUP
have an option to terminate the charter after the fifth anniversary of delivery
to DUSUP upon payment of a termination fee.
In
the event of the late delivery of the Golar Freeze, DUSUP have the
right to receive compensation in the form of a full pass through of any
liquidated damages received by us from our suppliers, including the
shipyard.
Shell Charters. Shell
currently charters three of our vessels on five-year charters. The rates we earn
from these charters are market related, and therefore variable. As with all our
other charters we may suffer periods of off-hire when the vessel is unable to
transport cargo, however there is also the possibility of periods when we will
not receive charter hire, in the event that Shell have no requirement for a
given vessel, in a given period and cannot sub-charter it to a third party.
Although this structure effectively leaves the company open to market risk we
believe that our utilisation rate (i.e. the number of days for which we are paid
hire in any given period) may be improved. Shell’s international gas and LNG
trading structures afford significantly more opportunity to create and sustain
ongoing vessel utilisation than is available to a stand-alone shipping
company.
The
five-year charter periods on the respective vessels commenced in January 2006
(Grandis), March 2006
(Gracilis) and June
2006 (Granosa), and are
thus scheduled to terminate in 2011. However, Shell has termination rights
throughout the charter period.
We
have also appointed Shell Transport and Shipping Company, or STASCO as our third
party managers for these three vessels.
Our
charterers may suspend their payment obligations under the charter agreements
for periods when the vessels are not able to transport cargo for various
reasons. These periods, which are also called off-hire periods, may result from,
among other causes, mechanical breakdown or other accidents, the inability of
the crew to operate the vessel, the arrest or other detention of the vessel as
the result of a claim against us, or the cancellation of the vessel’s class
certification. The charters automatically terminate in the event of the loss of
a vessel.
Charter
Renewal Options
Pertamina
Charters. Pertamina has the option to extend the charter of
the Golar Mazo for up
to 10 years by exercising the right to extend for one or two additional
five-year periods. Pertamina must give two years notice of any decision to
extend. The revenue during the period of charter extension will be subject to
adjustments based on our actual operating costs during the period of the
extension.
BG Charters. With the
exception of the Golar Freeze
charter, each of the BG charters, including the charter for the Methane Princess, is subject
to outstanding options on the part of BG to extend those charters for two,
five-year periods. The hire rates for Gimi will be increased from
January 1, 2010 onwards and thereafter subject to adjustments based on
escalation of 3% per annum of the operating costs of the vessel.
Petrobras Charters: Petrobras
has the option to extend the charter period for both vessels, the Golar Spirit and the Golar Winter for up to five
years by exercising its right to extend for an initial two year term and then a
further three year term.
DUSUP Charter: DUSUP have the
option to extend the charter of the Golar Freeze up to October
2025.
Golar
Management (UK) Limited and Ship Management
Subsidiaries
of Golar Management (UK) Limited, or Golar Management, a wholly owned subsidiary
of ours, operate eight of our vessels under long-term leases. Golar Management,
which has offices in London and Oslo, also provides commercial, operational and
technical support and supervision and accounting and treasury services to
us.
Prior
to February 2005, Golar Management provided all services related to the
management of our vessels other than some of our crewing activities. Since
February 2005, Golar Management has subcontracted to three internationally
recognized third party ship management companies the day-to-day vessel
management activities including routine maintenance and repairs; arranging
supply of stores and equipment; ensuring compliance with applicable
regulations, including licensing and certification requirements and engagement
and provision of qualified crews. Ultimate responsibility for the management of
our vessels, however, remains with Golar Management.
Our
three third party ship managers are Thome Ship Management (Singapore),
Wilhelmsen Ship Management (Oslo) and STASCO (London). Our decision to employ
third party managers was primarily driven by our need to secure long-term high
quality seafaring workforce for a growing fleet. We recognized that external
ship management companies have access to larger pools of officers that can be
trained to become LNG officers. With the expansion of the global LNG fleet, a
shortage of well-qualified officers is considered a significant threat to
operators in this shipping segment. Our decision was also influenced by our
requirement to improve our technical teams’ geographic coverage, given our fleet
trade worldwide, and to be able to take advantage of economies and efficiencies
of scale afforded by these managers.
Ship
Maintenance
We
are focused on operating and maintaining our LNG carriers to the highest safety
and industry standards and at the same time maximizing revenue from each vessel.
It is our policy to have our crews perform planned maintenance on our vessels
while underway, to reduce time required for repairs during drydocking. This will
reduce the overall off-hire period required for dockings and repairs. Since we
generally do not earn hire from a vessel while it is in drydock we believe that
the additional revenue earned from reduced off-hire periods outweighs the
expense of the additional crewmembers or subcontractors.
An
upgrading program to refurbish and modernize our 1970s built liquefied natural
gas carriers was largely completed with the drydocking of Khannur in March 2005. The
Hilli, Gimi, Khannur and Golar Freeze have now all
been fitted with, among other things, modern cargo monitoring and control
equipment. In addition these vessels are undergoing a ballast tank re-coating
program while in service. The completion of the ballast tank refurbishing
program has been delayed somewhat but we expect it will be completed by the end
of 2008.
We
anticipate that the upgrading program will allow us to operate each of these
vessels to their 40th
anniversary and beyond that age if utilized in FSRU or storage service. We
believe that the capital expenditure of this program will result in lower
maintenance costs and improved performance in the future. We also believe this
program has, and will, help us maintain our proven safety record and ability to
meet customer expectations.
Insurance
The
operation of any vessel, including LNG carriers, has inherent risks. These risks
include mechanical failure, personal injury, collision, property loss, vessel or
cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in
foreign countries or hostilities. In addition, there is always an inherent
possibility of marine disaster, including explosion, spills and other
environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating
vessels in international trade.
We
believe that our present insurance coverage is adequate to protect us against
the accident related risks involved in the conduct of our business and that we
maintain appropriate levels of environmental damage and pollution insurance
coverage consistent with standard industry practice. However, not all risks can
be insured, and there can be no guarantee that any specific claim will be paid,
or that we will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at
reasonable rates.
We
have obtained hull and machinery insurance on all our vessels against marine and
war risks, which include the risks of damage to our vessels, salvage or towing
costs, and also insure against actual or constructive total loss of any of our
vessels. However, our insurance policies contain deductible amounts for which we
will be responsible. We have also arranged additional total loss coverage for
each vessel. This coverage, which is called hull interest and freight interest
coverage, provides us additional coverage in the event of the total loss of a
vessel.
We
have also obtained loss of hire insurance to protect us against loss of income
in the event one of our vessels cannot be employed due to damage that is covered
under the terms of our hull and machinery insurance. Under our loss
of hire policies, our insurer will pay us the daily rate agreed in respect of
each vessel for each day, in excess of a certain number of deductible days, for
the time that the vessel is out of service as a result of damage, for a maximum
of 240 days. The number of deductible days varies from 14 days for the new ships
to 30 days for the older ships, also depending on the type of damage; machinery
or hull damage.
Protection
and indemnity insurance, which covers our third-party legal liabilities in
connection with our shipping activities, is provided by a mutual protection and
indemnity association, or P&I club. This includes third-party liability and
other expenses related to the injury or death of crew members, passengers and
other third-party
persons, loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other
vessels or from contact with jetties or wharves and other damage to other
third-party property, including pollution arising from oil or other substances,
and other related costs, including wreck removal. Subject to the capping
discussed below, our coverage, except for pollution, is
unlimited.
Our
current protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is $1 billion
per vessel per incident. The thirteen P&I clubs that comprise the
International Group of Protection and Indemnity Clubs insure approximately 90%
of the world’s commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to
reinsure each association’s liabilities. Each P&I club has capped its
exposure in this pooling agreement so that the maximum claim covered by the pool
and its reinsurance would be approximately $5.45 billion per accident or
occurrence. We are a member of Gard and Skuld P&I Clubs. As a member of
these P&I clubs, we are subject to a call for additional premiums based on
the clubs’ claims record, as well as the claims record of all other members of
the P&I clubs comprising the International Group. However, our P&I clubs
have reinsured the risk of additional premium calls to limit our additional
exposure. This reinsurance is subject to a cap, and there is the risk that the
full amount of the additional call would not be covered by this
reinsurance.
Environmental
and other Regulations
Governmental
and international agencies extensively regulate the handling and carriage of
LNG. These regulations include international conventions and national, state and
local laws and regulations in the countries where our vessels operate or where
our vessels are registered. We cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying
with these regulations, or the impact that these regulations will have on the
resale value or useful lives of our vessels. Various governmental and
quasi-governmental agencies require us to obtain permits, licenses and
certificates for the operation of our vessels. Although we believe that we are
substantially in compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations
and have all permits, licenses and certificates required for our operations,
future non- compliance or failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals
could require us to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend operation of
one or more of our vessels.
A
variety of governmental and private entities inspect our vessels on both a
scheduled and unscheduled basis. These entities, each of which may have unique
requirements and each of which conducts frequent vessel inspections, include
local port authorities, such as the U.S. Coast Guard, harbor master or
equivalent, classification societies, flag state, or the administration of the
country of registry, charterers, terminal operators and LNG
producers.
All
our third party Ship Managers are certified to the International Standards
Organization (ISO) Environmental Standard for the management of the significant
environmental aspects associated with the ownership and operation of a fleet of
liquefied natural gas carriers. This certification requires that the Company
commit managerial resources to act on its environmental policy through an
effective management system.
Regulation
by the International Maritime Organization
The
International Maritime Organization (IMO) is a United Nations agency that
provides international regulations affecting the practices of those in shipping
and international maritime trade. The requirements contained in the
International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution
Prevention, or ISM Code, promulgated by the IMO, govern our operations. The ISM
Code requires the party with operational control of a vessel to develop an
extensive safety management system that includes, among other things, the
adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth
instructions and procedures for operating its vessels safely and also describing
procedures for responding to emergencies. Our Ship Managers each hold a Document
of Compliance for operation of Gas Carriers.
Vessels
that transport gas, including LNG carriers, are also subject to regulation under
the International Gas Carrier Code, or IGC, published by the IMO. The IGC
provides a standard for the safe carriage of LNG and certain other liquid gases
by prescribing the design and construction standards of vessels involved in such
carriage. Compliance with the IGC must be evidenced by a Certificate
of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk. Each of our
vessels is in compliance with the IGC and each of our newbuilding contracts
requires that the vessel receive certification that it is in compliance with
applicable regulations before it is delivered. Non-compliance with the IGC or
other applicable IMO regulations, may subject a shipowner or a bareboat
charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance
coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or
detention in, some ports.
The
IMO also promulgates ongoing amendments to the international convention for the
Safety of Life at Sea 1974 and its protocol of 1988, otherwise known as SOLAS.
This provides rules for the construction of ships and regulations for their
operation with respect to safety issues. It requires the provision of lifeboats
and other life-saving appliances, requires the use of the Global Maritime
Distress and Safety System which is an international radio equipment and
watchkeeping standard, afloat and at shore stations, and relates to the Treaty
on the Standards of Training and Certification of Watchkeeping Officers, or
STCW, also promulgated by IMO. Flag states, which have ratified
the Convention and the Treaty generally, employ the classification societies,
which have incorporated SOLAS and STCW requirements into their class rules, to
undertake surveys to confirm compliance.
In
the wake of increased worldwide security concerns IMO did issue “The
International Security Code for Ports and Ships” (ISPS). The objective of the
ISPS, which came into effect on July 1, 2004, is to detect security threats and
take preventive measures against security incidents affecting ships or port
facilities. Our Ship Managers have developed Security Plans, appointed and
trained Ship and Office Security Officers and all ships have been certified to
meet the new ISPS Code.
Air
Emissions
On August
1, 2007, regulation 12A (an amendment to Annex I) came into force requiring oil
fuel tanks to be located inside the double hull in all ships with an aggregate
oil fuel capacity of 600 m3
and above, which are delivered on or after August 1, 2010 including ships for
which the building contract is entered into on or after August 1, 2007, or in
the absence of a contract, which keel is laid on or after February 1,
2008.
In
September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to the International Convention
for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships to address air pollution from ships.
Annex VI was ratified in May 2004, and became effective May 19, 2005. Annex VI
sets limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and
prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as
chlorofluorocarbons. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content
of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent
controls on sulfur emissions. We believe that all our vessels are currently
compliant in all material respects with these regulations. Additional or new
conventions, laws and regulations may be adopted that could adversely affect our
business, cash flows, results of operations and financial
condition.
In
February 2007, the United States proposed a series of amendments to Annex VI
regarding particulate matter, NOx and SOx emission standards. The
proposed emission program would reduce air pollution from ships by establishing
a new tier of performance-based standards for diesel engines on all vessels and
stringent emission requirements for ships that operate in coastal areas with
air-quality problems. On June 28, 2007, the World Shipping Council
announced its support for these amendments. If these amendments are
implemented, we may incur costs to comply with the proposed
standards.
Recent
scientific studies have suggested that emissions of certain gases, commonly
referred to as “greenhouse gases,” may be contributing to warming of the Earth’s
atmosphere. According to the IMO’s study of greenhouse gases
emissions from the global shipping fleet, greenhouse emissions from ships are
predicted to rise by 38% to 72% due to increased bunker consumption by 2020 if
corrective measures are not implemented. Any passage of climate
control legislation or other regulatory initiatives by the IMO or individual
countries where we operate that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases could
require us to make significant financial expenditures we cannot predict with
certainty at this time.
Ballast
Water Requirements
The
IMO adopted an International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’
Ballast Water and Sediments, or the BWM Convention, in February 2004. The BWM
Convention’s implementing regulations call for a phased introduction of
mandatory ballast water exchange requirements (beginning in 2009), to be
replaced in time with mandatory concentration limits. The BWM Convention will
not enter into force until 12 months after it has been adopted by 30 states, the
combined merchant fleets of which represent not less than 35% of the gross
tonnage of the world’s merchant shipping.
The
flag state, as defined by the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, has
overall responsibility for the implementation and enforcement of international
maritime regulations for all ships granted the right to fly its flag. The
“Shipping Industry Guidelines on Flag State Performance” evaluates flag states
based on factors such as sufficiency of infrastructure, ratification of
international maritime treaties, implementation and enforcement of international
maritime regulations, supervision of surveys, casualty investigations and
participation at IMO meetings.
Environmental
Regulation—OPA/CERCLA
The
U.S. Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established an extensive regulatory and
liability regime for environmental protection and clean up of oil spills. OPA
affects all owners and operators whose vessels trade with the United States or
its territories or possessions, or whose vessels operate in the waters of the
United States, which include the U.S. territorial waters and the two hundred
nautical mile exclusive economic zone of the United States. The
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, or
CERCLA, applies to the discharge
of hazardous substances whether on land or at sea. While OPA and CERCLA would
not apply to the discharge of LNG, they may affect us because we carry oil as
fuel and lubricants for our engines, and the discharge of
these could cause an environmental hazard. Under OPA, vessel operators,
including vessel owners, managers and bareboat or “demise” charterers, are
“responsible parties” who are all liable regardless of fault, individually and
as a group, for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising
from oil spills from their vessels. These “responsible parties” would not be
liable if the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an
act of God or an act of war. The other damages aside from clean-up and
containment costs are defined broadly to include:
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natural
resource damages and related assessment
costs;
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real
and personal property damages;
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|
net
loss of taxes, royalties, rents, profits or earnings
capacity;
net cost of public services necessitated
by a spill response, such as protection from fire, safety or health
hazards; and
|
|
loss
of subsistence use of natural
resources.
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OPA
and Coast Guard Maritime Transportation Act of 2006 (H.R. 889) limit the
liability of responsible parties for vessels other than crude oil tankers to the
greater of $950 per gross ton or $800,000 per vessel. These limits of liability
do not apply, however, where the incident is caused by violation of applicable
U.S. federal safety, construction or operating regulations, or by the
responsible party’s gross negligence or wilful misconduct. These limits likewise
do not apply if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or
to cooperate and assist in connection with the substance removal activities.
This limit is subject to possible adjustment for inflation. OPA specifically
permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to
oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, and some states have
enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for discharge of
pollutants within their waters. In some cases, states, which have enacted their
own legislation, have not yet issued implementing regulations defining
shipowners’ responsibilities under these laws.
CERCLA,
which also applies to owners and operators of vessels, contains a similar
liability regime and provides for cleanup, removal and natural resource damages.
Liability under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5
million. As with OPA, these limits of liability do not apply where the incident
is caused by violation of applicable U.S. federal safety, construction or
operating regulations, or by the responsible party’s gross negligence or wilful
misconduct or if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident
or to cooperate and assist in connection with the substance removal activities.
OPA and CERCLA each preserve the right to recover damages under existing law,
including maritime tort law. We anticipate that we will be in compliance with
OPA, CERCLA and all applicable state regulations in the ports where our vessels
will call.
OPA
requires owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the U.S.
Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet the limit of
their potential strict liability under OPA. Under the regulations, evidence of
financial responsibility may be demonstrated by insurance, surety bond,
self-insurance or guaranty. Under OPA regulations, an owner or operator of more
than one vessel is required to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility
for the entire fleet in an amount equal only to the financial responsibility
requirement of the vessel having the greatest maximum liability under
OPA/CERCLA. Each of our shipowning subsidiaries that has vessels
trading in U.S. waters has applied for, and obtained from the U.S. Coast Guard
National Pollution Funds Center, three-year certificates of financial
responsibility, supported by guarantees which we purchased from an
insurance-based provider. We believe that we will be able to continue to obtain
the requisite guarantees and that we will continue to be granted certificates of
financial responsibility from the U.S. Coast Guard for each of our vessels that
is required to have one.
Environmental
Regulation—Other
Most
U.S. states that border a navigable waterway have enacted environmental
pollution laws that impose strict liability on a person for removal costs and
damages resulting from a discharge of oil or a release of a hazardous substance.
These laws may be more stringent than U.S. federal law. The European Union has
proposed regulations, which, if adopted, may regulate the transmission,
distribution, supply and storage of natural gas and LNG at land based
facilities. It is not clear what form these regulations, if adopted,
would take.
Vessel
Security Regulations
Since
the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of
initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. In December 2002,
amendments to SOLAS created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically
with maritime security. The chapter became effective in July 2004 and
imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities,
most of which are contained in the International Ship and Port Facility Security
Code, or the ISPS Code. The ISPS Code is designed to protect ports and
international shipping against terrorism.
After July 1, 2004, to trade internationally, a vessel must attain an
International Ship Security Certificate from a recognized security organization
approved by the vessel’s flag state. Among the various requirements
are:
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·
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on-board
installation of ship security alert systems, which do not sound on the
vessel but only alerts the authorities on
shore;
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·
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the
development of vessel security
plans;
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|
·
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ship
identification number to be permanently marked on a vessel’s
hull;
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·
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a
continuous synopsis record kept onboard showing a vessel’s history
including, the name of the ship and of the state whose flag the ship is
entitled to fly, the date on which the ship was registered with that
state, the ship’s identification number, the port at which the ship is
registered and the name of the registered owner(s) and their registered
address; and
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·
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to
comply with flag state security certification
requirements.
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We
have implemented the various security measures addressed by SOLAS and the ISPS
Code, and our fleet is in compliance with applicable security
requirements.
Inspection
by Classification Societies
Every
seagoing vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The
classification society certifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that
the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the
classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of
that particular class of vessel as laid down by that society.
For
maintenance of the class certificate, regular and extraordinary surveys of hull,
machinery, including the electrical plant and any special equipment classed, are
required to be performed by the classification society, to ensure continuing
compliance. Vessels are drydocked at least once during a five-year class cycle
for inspection of the underwater parts and for repairs related to
inspections. If any defects are found, the classification surveyor
will issue a “recommendation” which must be rectified by the shipowner within
prescribed time limits. The classification society also undertakes on request of
the flag state other surveys and checks that are required by the regulations and
requirements of that flag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made in
each individual case and/or to the regulations of the country
concerned.
Most
insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage that a vessel
be certified as “in class” by a classification society, which is a member of the
International Association of Classification Societies. All of our vessels have
been certified as being “in class”. The Golar Mazo and the Granatina are certified by
Lloyds Register, and our other vessels are each certified by Det norske Veritas,
both are members of the International Association of Classification
Societies.
In-House
Inspections
The
ship managers carry out inspections of the ships on a regular basis; both at sea
and while the vessels are in port, while we carry out inspection and ship audits
to verify conformity with managers’ reports. The results of these inspections,
which are conducted both in port and underway, result in a report containing
recommendations for improvements to the overall condition of the vessel,
maintenance, safety and crew welfare. Based in part on these evaluations, we
create and implement a program of continual maintenance for our vessels and
their systems.
C. Organizational
Structure
As
is customary in the shipping industry, we own, lease and operate our vessels,
and our newbuildings while under construction, through separate subsidiaries.
With the exception of the Golar Mazo, the Golar Frost, Gracilis, Granosa and the
Granatina, we lease our
vessels from lessors, who are all subsidiaries of U.K. Banks. We own the Golar Mazo in a joint
arrangement with the Chinese Petroleum Corporation in which we own 60% and
Chinese Petroleum owns the remaining 40% of the vessel owning
company.
The
table below lists each of our significant subsidiaries, the subsidiaries’
purpose, or the vessel it owns, leases or operates, and its country of
incorporation as of May 12, 2008. Unless otherwise indicated, we own
100% of each subsidiary.
Subsidiary
|
Jurisdiction
of Incorporation
|
Purpose
|
Golar
Gas Holding Company Inc.
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Holding
Company and leases four vessels
|
Golar
Maritime (Asia) Inc.
|
Republic
of Liberia
|
Holding
Company
|
Gotaas-Larsen
Shipping Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Holding
Company
|
Oxbow
Holdings Inc.
|
British
Virgin Islands
|
Holding
Company
|
Faraway
Maritime Shipping Company
(60%
ownership)
|
Republic
of Liberia
|
Owns
Golar
Mazo
|
Golar
LNG 2215 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Leases
Methane
Princess
|
Golar
LNG 1444 Corporation
|
Republic
of Liberia
|
Owns
Golar
Frost
|
Golar
LNG 1460 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Owns
Gracilis
|
Golar
LNG 2220 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Leases
Golar
Winter
|
Golar
LNG 2234 Corporation
|
Republic
of Liberia
|
Owns
Granosa
|
Golar
LNG 2226 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Leases
Grandis
|
Golar
LNG 2216 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Owns
Granatina
|
Golar
International Ltd.
|
Republic
of Liberia
|
Vessel
management
|
Gotaas-Larsen
International Ltd.
|
Republic
of Liberia
|
Vessel
management
|
Golar
Maritime Limited
|
Bermuda
|
Management
company
|
Golar
Management (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Management
company
|
Golar
Freeze (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
Golar
Freeze
|
Golar
Khannur (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
Khannur
|
Golar
Gimi (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
Gimi
|
Golar
Hilli (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
Hilli
|
Golar
Spirit (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
and leases Golar
Spirit
|
Golar
2215 (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
Methane
Princess
|
Golar
Winter (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
Golar
Winter
|
Golar
2226 (UK) Limited
|
United
Kingdom
|
Operates
Grandis
|
Golar
FSRU 1 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Contracted
for the conversion of the Golar Spirit to a
FSRU
|
Golar
FSRU 2 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Overseeing
the conversion of the Golar Freeze to a
FSRU
|
Golar
FSRU 3 Corporation
|
Republic
of Marshall Islands
|
Overseeing
the conversion of the Golar Winter to a
FSRU
|
Golar
Offshore Toscana Limited
|
Cyprus
|
Holds
investment in associate, OLT Offshore LNG Toscana
S.p.A.
|
Golar
Energy Limited
|
Cyprus
|
Holds
the licence for the construction of a floating power station for the
generation of electricity.
|
D. Property,
Plant and Equipment
The
Company’s Vessels
For
information on our fleet, please read “Item 4B Business Overview – Our
Fleet”.
We do not own any interest in real
property. We sublease approximately 8,000 square feet of office space in London
for our ship management operations.
ITEM
4A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM
5. OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
A. Operating
Results
Overview
and Background
The
following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should
be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes, and
the other financial information included elsewhere in this document. Our
financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This
discussion includes forward-looking statements based on assumptions about our
future business. Please read the “Cautionary Statement Regarding
Forward Looking Statements” for more information. You should also review the
“Risk Factors” for a discussion of important factors that could cause our actual
results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the
forward-looking statements.
Current
Business
Our
Charters
We
generate revenues by chartering our LNG carriers to customers for a fixed period
of time at rates that are generally fixed but may contain certain variable
components, such as an inflation adjustment. The Golar Spirit, the Golar Winter and the Golar Freeze will generate
revenues by providing floating storage regasification services beginning with
the delivery of the first vessel in the second quarter of 2008.
The
term of our FSRU charters for the Golar Spirit, the Golar Winter and the Golar Freeze will be 10 years
from commencement of operations (which we currently expect to occur in the
second quarters of 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively), subject to certain
termination and purchase rights.
Generally,
under our current charters (including our FSRU charters), the rate we charge for
our services, which we call the “hire rate” includes the following two cost
components:
|
·
|
Capital Component. The
capital component of our time charters is usually fixed and is designed
to: (i) repay a portion of the vessel’s purchase price (ii) provide a
profit on our services rendered and (iii) provide a return on the capital
invested.
|
|
·
|
Operating
Component. The operating component is usually
variable. It is established at the beginning of the charter and
then typically either escalates annually at a fixed percentage or
fluctuates annually based on changes in a specified consumer price
index.
The operating component is intended to compensate us for (i) vessel
operating expenses.
|
Hire
payments may be reduced if a LNG carrier or FSRU does not perform to certain of
its technical specifications, such as if the average vessel speed falls below a
guaranteed speed; or the amount of fuel consumed to power the vessel under
normal circumstances exceeds a guaranteed amount; or if there is a reduction in
the output of the regasification unit. Historically, we have had few
instances of hire rate reductions and none that have had a material impact on
our operating results.
When
the vessel is “off-hire”—or not available for service—the customer generally is
not required to pay the hire rate and we are responsible for all
costs. Prolonged off-hire may lead to vessel substitution or
termination of the time charter. A vessel generally will be deemed
off-hire if there is a loss of time due to, among other things:
|
·
|
operational
deficiencies; drydocking for repairs, maintenance or inspection; equipment
breakdowns; or delays due to accidents, crewing strikes, certain vessel
detentions or similar problems; or
|
|
·
|
our
failure to maintain the vessel in compliance with its specifications and
contractual standards; or to provide the required
crew.
|
Our
Fleet
Our
activities are currently focused on the chartering of our LNG carriers,
modifying three of our LNG carriers in order for them to provide FSRU services
and the development of LNG supply chain projects and potential investments, in
particular further offshore regasification terminals. As of April
2008, our fleet consisted of 13 vessels.
We leased eight LNG carriers under long-term financial leases, we owned four
vessels and we own a 60% interest in the Golar Mazo through a joint
arrangement with the Chinese Petroleum Corporation, the Taiwanese state oil and
gas company. Five of our LNG carriers are currently contracted under
long-term charters, two LNG carriers are currently contracted under short-term
charters and three vessels are in medium term, five-year market related charter
contracts with Shell. In addition, we have entered into three 10-year
charters for three of our LNG carriers upon the completion of their retrofitting
for FSRU service. We expect delivery of these vessels in the second
quarters of 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.
LNG
Carriers
The
following table summarizes our current long-term and medium-term charters for
our LNG carriers, and their expirations and extension options, as of May 12,
2008:
|
|
|
|
|
Current
Charter Expiration
|
Charterer
Extension Option Periods
|
Methane
Princess
|
|
|
100 |
% |
BG
Group
|
2024
|
Five
years plus five years
|
Golar
Mazo
|
|
|
60 |
%(1) |
Pertamina
|
2017
|
Five
years plus five years
|
Khannur
|
|
|
100 |
% |
BG
Group
|
2011
|
Five
years plus five years
|
Gimi
|
|
|
100 |
% |
BG
Group
|
2010
|
Five
years plus five years
|
Golar
Freeze (2)
|
|
|
100 |
% |
BG
Group
|
2009
|
None
|
Grandis
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Shell
|
2011
|
None
|
Gracilis
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Shell
|
2011
|
None
|
Granosa
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Shell
|
2011
|
None
|
(1)
|
Chinese
Petroleum Corporation holds the remaining 40% interest in the Golar
Mazo.
|
(2)
|
Following
the end of its charter to BG in 2009, the Golar Freeze will be
chartered to DUSUP upon the completion of its FSRU
conversion.
|
During
2007, three of our vessels, the Golar Winter, the Golar Frost and the Golar Spirit (following the
end of its long-term charter with Pertamina in November 2006), operated on
short-term charters in the spot market.
In
December of 2005, we entered into five-year time charters with Shell in respect
of three of our vessels. The five-year charter periods on the respective vessels
commenced in January 2006 (Grandis), March 2006 (Gracilis) and June 2006
(Granosa). The
charter rates in respect of these vessels are market related and therefore
variable. In the event that Shell does not employ the vessels for
their own use, they will market the vessels for use by third
parties. If Shell cannot find employment for these ships there could
be periods where the vessels have commercial waiting time and do not earn
revenues. The charter party agreements contain termination rights for
Shell.
In
January 2008, we chartered in a newbuilding KSC#1588, for a two-year period from
BP commencing June 2008. In May 2008, this charter was cancelled due to a
delay in the delivery of the newbuilding to us.
The
following table provides information, as of May 12, 2008, about the Golar Spirit, the Golar Winter and the Golar Freeze.
|
Expected
Retrofit Delivery (1)
|
|
|
|
|
Post-Retrofit
Charter Expiration
|
Charterer
Extension Option Periods
|
Golar
Spirit
|
June
2008
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Petrobras
|
2018
|
Three
years
plus
two years
|
Golar
Winter
|
Second
Quarter of 2009
|
|
|
100 |
% |
Petrobras
|
2019
|
Three
years
plus
two years
|
Golar
Freeze
|
Second
Quarter of 2010
|
|
|
100 |
% |
DUSUP
|
2020
|
October
2022 plus October 2024 plus one year extension exercisable at the end of
the above periods
|
(1) Expected
delivery dates for the retrofit completions are based on current shipyard
schedules.
We
expect to provide LNG floating storage and regasification services to Petrobras
for the Golar Spirit
under a Time Charter Party (or TCP) and Operation and Services Agreement (or
OSA). These two agreements are interdependent and together have the
same effect as the time charters for our LNG carriers. The Golar Spirit charter features
hire, off-hire and termination provisions similar to those terms in the charters
for our LNG carriers and also contains provisions giving Petrobras the option to
purchase the Golar
Spirit under certain circumstances after the second anniversary of the
commencement date of the contract. The terms of the time charter for
the Golar Winter are
substantially similar to those of the Golar Spirit.
In
April 2008, we entered into a 10 year time charter agreement with DUSUP to
provide LNG floating storage and regasification services in respect of the Golar Freeze, which is
expected to commence in the second quarter of 2010. The Golar Freeze charter features
hire, off-hire and termination provisions similar to those terms in the charters
for our LNG carriers and also contains provisions giving DUSUP the option, upon
payment of a fee, to terminate the charter after the fifth anniversary of the
commencement date of the contract.
Historical
Employment of Our Fleet
The
following table sets out the employment of the LNG carriers now owned and/or
operated by us during the years ended 2003 to 2007.
Vessel
Name
|
2003
to 2007
|
Golar
Mazo
|
Long-term
time charter to Pertamina commenced on delivery in January
2000.
|
Golar
Spirit
|
Long-term
time charter to Pertamina, which ended in November
2006. Thereafter on a short-term charter until commencement of
its retrofitting in October 2007. Periods of commercial waiting
time between charters.
|
Khannur
|
Long-term
time charter with BG from December 2000.
|
Golar
Freeze
|
Medium-term
time charter with BG from November 2000 and long-term time charter with BG
from March 2003.
|
Gimi
|
Short-term
charters until start of long-term time charter with BG in May
2001.
|
Hilli
|
Long-term
time charter with BG from September 2000.
|
Methane
Princess
|
Delivered
in August 2003. Short-term charters until start of long-term
time charter with BG in February 2004.
|
Golar
Winter
|
Delivered
in April 2004. Short-term charters during 2004 and within Exmar pooling
arrangement in 2005. Short-term charters during 2006 and
2007. Periods of commercial waiting time between
charters.
|
Golar
Frost
|
Delivered
in June 2004. Short-term charters during 2004 and within Exmar
pooling arrangement in 2005. Short-term charters during 2006
and 2007. Periods of commercial waiting time between
charters.
|
Gracilis
|
Delivered
in January 2005. Short-term charters and part of Exmar pooling
arrangement in 2005. Periods of commercial waiting time between
charters. Charter with Shell (market rate) from March
2006.
|
Grandis
|
Commenced
charter with Shell (market rate) on delivery in January
2006.
|
Granosa
|
Commenced
charter with Shell (market rate) on delivery in June
2006.
|
Possible
Future LNG Industry Business Activities
We
currently have two vessels not committed to contracts for the balance of
2008. One of these, the Golar Frost, is due to be
sold in June 2008. Rates payable in this market may be uncertain and
volatile. The supply and demand balance for LNG carriers is also uncertain. In
the period from 2004, the excess supply of vessels over demand has negatively
impacted our results and we expect this oversupply to continue during 2008. In
addition we have in recent years observed a season trend in rates with the rates
earned in the summer months depressed compared with winter rates but we cannot
be sure of the future development. The earnings from our vessels on charter to
Shell will also be impacted by the development of charter rates and demand in
the spot market. These factors could also influence the results of operations
from spot market activities and the Shell charters beyond 2008.
All
future possible LNG activities are also dependant on our management’s decisions
regarding the utilization of our assets and structuring of the company. In the
longer term, results of operations may also be affected by strategic decisions
by management as opportunities arise to make investments in LNG logistics
infrastructure facilities
to secure access to markets as well as to take advantage of potential industry
consolidation. Our management is currently considering various ways to maximise
the value of our assets and projects under development. Options under
consideration include, among others, transferring assets and/or projects to a
separate entity, which may then seek a separate public
listing.
Since
June 2002, we have been involved in an Italian offshore Floating Storage and
Regasification project off the coast of Livorno. In February 2006,
the project company OLT-O was advised that the government decree approving the
terminal had been granted. In November 2006, we acquired 20% of
shares in OLT-O, at a cost of $5 million. We currently hold a 16% interest in
the company. In December 2007, we signed a memorandum of agreement
with OLT-O for the sale of the Golar Frost, for $231
million, to be converted into a FSRU. In March 2008, OLT-O signed a
contract with SAIPEM for the conversion of the Golar Frost at a cost of €390
million (approximately $607 million) and also signed an agreement with SNAM RETE
Gas for the construction of the pipeline connecting the terminal to the national
grid. OLT-O’s other shareholders are Group Iride 30.5% (subdivided
between Iride Market 27.8% and ASA Livorno 2.7%), ENDESA Europe 30.5% and OLT
Energy Tuscany joint stock corporation 23%. In January 2008, the
Board of OLT-O agreed a capital increase of €200 million (approximately $311
million). The end date for shareholder equity contributions is June
2008. However, we are under no obligation to contribute, and as of
May 12, 2008, we have not committed to any further contributions. However, we
anticipate that our ultimate shareholding will be approximately
10%.
In
conjunction with Saipem S.p.A we have been developing the concept of a floating
power generating plant (FPGP). The concept is based on the conversion
of an existing LNG carrier by installing combined cycle gas turbine generators
capable of producing around 240 megawatts of power, which is carried ashore via
sub-sea cables. Although at an early stage of development we see this
as a logical extension of the floating regasification and storage projects, as
noted above, that we have been working on. The project has reached a significant
milestone in 2007 with the regulatory authorities, CERA, awarding Golar Energy
Ltd (a Cyprus based subsidiary of ours) a licence to construct and operate the
240 MW FPGP located some 4 miles off the coast of Cyprus at Vassilikos and a
licence to operate and produce electricity. However, still pending is a licence
to import, store and use the liquefied natural gas (LNG) required to fuel the
FPGP and there is still considerable development work to be
completed. The ultimate size and timing of our potential investment
has yet to be determined.
We
own a 14.8% interest in TORP Technology AS, which we acquired in 2005 at a cost
of $3 million. We also have an option to use 33.4% of the capacity of
TORP’s offshore regasification terminal. TORP Technology holds the rights to the
HiLoad LNG Re-gasification and is planning to build an offshore LNG
regasification terminal, which could be operational within 24 – 36 months from a
final investment decision. The HiLoad LNG Re-gasification unit is a floating
L-shaped terminal that docks onto the LNG carrier using the patented friction
based attachment system (rubber suction cups) creating no relative motion
between the carrier and the terminal. The HiLoad LNG Re-gasification unit is
equipped with standard regasification equipment (LNG loading arms, pumps and
vaporizers) and can accommodate any LNG carrier. The terminal uses seawater for
heating the LNG, saving fuel costs. On January 12, 2006, TORP Technology filed
an application for a permit to build an offshore LNG regasification terminal, to
be located 60 miles off the Alabama coast. In addition to work on the permitting
process with the U.S Coast Guard, work is now underway marketing the terminal
with the aim of securing long-term user agreements. The ultimate size of our
potential investment has yet to be determined.
In
December 2005, we signed a shareholders’ agreement with The Egyptian Natural Gas
Holding Company and HK Petroleum Services in respect of the setting up of a
jointly owned company named Egyptian Company for Gas Services S.A.E., or ECGS
for the development of hydrocarbon business and in particular LNG related
business. We have expensed a total of $1 million as at December 31, 2007, in
connection with this project as fees for the development of the framework for
the project, the shareholders’ agreement and the setting up of the Company.
Further fees of $1 million will be payable if and when the project company
concludes a material commercial business transaction. ECGS was incorporated in
November 2006 and will have an issued share capital of $10
million. Of this amount 10% was paid in March 2006 and a further 15%
was paid in March 2008. Payment of the remaining value shall be made within
three years of incorporation at dates to be decided by ECGS’s Board of
Directors. We have 50% of the voting rights and a 45% economic interest in ECGS,
but would take 50% of ECGS’s losses. The ultimate size of our potential
investment has yet to be determined.
In
April 2006, we signed an agreement with LNGL, an Australian publicly listed
company, to subscribe for 23 million of its shares in two tranches, at A$0.50
cents per share. We purchased the first tranche of 13.95 million shares in May
2006, at a cost of $5.1 million and the second tranche in June 2006, at a cost
of $3.5 million. We currently hold a 16.0% interest in LNGL. LNGL is a company
focused on developing LNG liquefaction projects acting as a link between
previously discovered but uncommercial gas reserves and potential new energy
markets. Aside
from the anticipation that our investment as a shareholder in the company will
increase in value, we will also aim to participate when judged appropriate at
the project level, as a possible buyer of LNG and a provider of shipping
requirements LNGL might require in the future.
In
September 2007, we signed two charters with Petrobras in respect of the Golar Spirit and the Golar Winter that are to be
converted into FSRUs. In April 2008, we were awarded a time charter
with Dubai Supply Authority Port Authority, or DUSUP for the Golar Freeze following its
conversion into a FSRU. Delivery of these vessels is expected to
occur in the second quarters of 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. We
believe this will be an expanding area of our business which could lead to
further vessel conversions to FSRUs.
Factors
Affecting the Comparability of Future Results
Our
historical results of operations and cash flows are not indicative of results of
operations and cash flows to be expected in the future, principally for the
following reasons:
·
|
The Golar
Spirit, the Golar Winter and the Golar Freeze will be operated in a
substantially different manner. Until November 2006, the
Golar Spirit
operated under a long-term time charter with Pertamina, which generated
$25.5 million of total operating revenue for the year ended December 31,
2006. The Golar Spirit operated
in the spot market under short-term time charters at significantly lower
rates from November 2006 until October 2007. In October 2007,
the Golar Spirit
entered the shipyard to undergo retrofitting for FSRU service, which we
expect will be completed in June 2008. While in the shipyard,
the Golar Spirit
will not generate any revenue. Upon delivery and acceptance by
its charterer, the Golar
Spirit will be operated as an FSRU under a 10-year time
charter.
|
The
Golar Winter has
operated in the spot market under short-term time charters since its delivery in
2004 and is expected to continue to do so until its entry into the shipyard for
retrofitting for FSRU service, which is expected to be in October
2008. Again while in the shipyard the Golar Winter will not
generate any revenue. In 2007, the Golar Winter generated $22.5
million of total operating revenue.
The
Golar Freeze has
operated under a long-term charter with BG since 2003, which will expire in the
third quarter of 2009. Following the end of its BG charter, it is expected to
enter the shipyard for retrofitting for FSRU service in the fourth quarter of
2009. Upon delivery and acceptance by its charterer, the Golar Freeze will be operated
as a FSRU under a 10-year time charter.
We
may retrofit other vessels for FSRU service in the future. Please see
our discussion under “Possible Future LNG Industry Business
Activities”.
·
|
FSRU
operating expenses will be higher than the operating expenses for LNG
carriers and will increase our exposure to foreign exchange
rates. Our historical operating expenses reflect the
operation of the Golar
Spirit and the Golar Winter as LNG
carriers. Following the completion of their retrofitting as
FSRUs, we expect to incur higher operating expenses on average with
respect to their operation as FSRUs compared to conventional LNG
vessels. We expect these increased operating expenses to be
offset by increased charter hire revenues. In addition, the
majority of our expenses and revenues have in the past been denominated in
U.S. Dollars. Under the Petrobras charters, we will incur a
portion of our expenses and receive a portion of our revenues in Brazilian
Reais and, therefore, we expect to have increased exposure to foreign
exchange rates.
|
·
|
We expect
continued inflationary pressure on crew costs. Due to
the specialized nature of operating LNG carriers and FSRUs, the increase
in size of the worldwide LNG carrier fleet and the limited pool of
qualified officers, we believe that crewing and labor related costs will
experience significant increases. In addition most of our
officers will be paid in Euros commencing January 1, 2008 and so we will
be exposed to foreign currency risk in the
future.
|
·
|
We expect
to incur Brazilian taxes in connection with our operation of the FSRUs in
Brazil. Our operation of the Golar Spirit and the
Golar Winter will
result in our being subject to Brazilian taxes on the revenue we receive
under the operation and services agreement with
Petrobras.
|
·
|
Disposal of
the Golar Frost to OLT Offshore LNG Toscana in 2008. We
have signed a memorandum of agreement for the sale of the Golar Frost, for $231.0
million. The sale is expected to be completed in June
2008.
|
·
|
Expansion
of our fleet in 2008. This includes the acquisition of
the Granatina
from Shell in January 2008.
|
·
|
Investment
in projects. We are continuing to invest in and develop
our various projects, the costs we have incurred historically may not be
indicative of future costs.
|
Factors
Affecting Our Results of Operations
We
believe the principal factors that will affect our future results of operations
include:
|
·
|
the
number of vessels in our fleet, including our ability to take delivery of
the Golar Spirit
the Golar
Winter and the Golar Freeze on their
scheduled delivery dates;
|
|
·
|
whether
Petrobras exercises its options to acquire the Golar Spirit or the
Golar Winter and,
if so, whether we can effectively redeploy the proceeds from any such
exercise;
|
|
·
|
whether
DUSUP exercises its option to terminate the Golar Freeze charter
upon payment of a termination fee.
|
|
·
|
our
ability to maintain good relationships with our five key existing
customers (including Petrobras) and to increase the number of our customer
relationships;
|
|
·
|
increased
demand for LNG shipping services, including floating storage and
regasification services, and in connection with this is the underlying
demand and supply for natural gas and specifically
LNG;
|
|
·
|
the
success or failure of the LNG infrastructure projects that we are working
on or may work on in the future;
|
|
·
|
our
ability to successfully employ our vessels at economically attractive
rates, as our charters expire or are otherwise terminated, including the
expiry of a long-term charter with BG, ending in April
2008;
|
|
·
|
the
effective and efficient technical management of our
vessels;
|
|
·
|
our
ability to obtain and maintain major international energy company
approvals and to satisfy their technical, health, safety and compliance
standards; and
|
|
·
|
economic,
regulatory, political and governmental conditions that affect the shipping
industry. This includes changes in the number of new LNG
importing countries and regions and availability of surplus LNG from
projects around the world, as well as structural LNG market changes
allowing greater flexibility and enhanced competition with other energy
sources.
|
In
addition to the factors discussed above, we believe certain specific factors
have impacted, and will continue to impact, our combined results of
operations. These factors include:
|
·
|
the
hire rate earned by our vessels and unscheduled off-hire
days;
|
|
·
|
non-utilization
for vessels not subject to fixed rate
charters;
|
|
·
|
pension
and share option expense;
|
|
·
|
mark-to-market
charges in interest rate and equity
swaps;
|
|
·
|
foreign
currency exchange gains and losses;
|
|
·
|
our
access to capital required to acquire additional vessels and/or to
implement our business strategy;
|
|
·
|
the
performance of our equity
interests;
|
|
·
|
increased
crewing costs; and
|
|
·
|
our
level of debt and the related interest expense and amortization of
principal.
|
Please
read “Risk Factors” for a discussion of certain risks inherent in our
business.
Important
Financial and Operational Terms and Concepts
We
use a variety of financial and operational terms and concepts when analyzing our
performance. These include the following:
Total Operating
Revenues. Total
operating revenues refers to time charter revenues. We recognize
revenues from time charters over the term of the charter as the applicable
vessel operates under the charter. We do not recognize revenue during
days when the vessel is off-hire, unless the charter agreement makes a specific
exception.
Off-hire
(Including Commercial Waiting Time). Our vessels may be out of
service, that is, off-hire, for three main reasons: scheduled
drydocking or special survey or maintenance, which we refer to as scheduled
off-hire; days spent waiting for a charter, which we refer to as commercial
waiting time; and unscheduled repairs or maintenance, which we refer to as
unscheduled off-hire.
Voyage
Expenses. Voyage expenses, which are primarily fuel costs but
which also include other costs such as port charges, are paid by our customers
under our time charters. However, we may incur voyage related
expenses during off-hire periods when positioning or repositioning vessels
before or after the period of a time charter or before or after drydocking,
which expenses will be payable by us. We also incur some voyage
expenses, principally fuel costs, when our vessels are in periods of commercial
waiting time.
Time Charter
Equivalent Earnings. In order to compare vessels trading under
different types of charters, it is standard industry practice to measure the
revenue performance of a vessel in terms of average daily time charter
equivalent earnings, or “TCE.” For our time charters, this is
calculated by dividing time charter revenues by the number of calendar days
minus days for scheduled off-hire. Where we are paid a fee to
position or reposition a vessel before or after a time charter, this additional
revenue, less voyage expenses, is included in the calculation of
TCE. For shipping companies utilizing voyage charters (where the
vessel owner pays voyage costs instead of the charterer), TCE is calculated by
dividing voyage revenues, net of vessel voyage costs, by the number of calendar
days minus days for scheduled off-hire. TCE is a non-GAAP financial
measure. Please read “Selected Historical Financial Data—Non-GAAP
Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of TCE to total operating revenues
(TCE’s most directly comparable financial measure in accordance with
GAAP).
Vessel Operating
Expenses. Vessel operating expenses include direct vessel
operating costs associated with operating a vessel, such as crew wages, which
are the most significant component, vessel supplies, routine repairs,
maintenance, lubricating oils, insurance and management fees for the provision
of commercial and technical management services.
Depreciation and
Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense, or the
periodic cost charged to our income for the reduction in usefulness and
long-term value of our ships, is related to the number of vessels we own or
operate under long-term capital leases. We depreciate the cost of our
owned vessels, less their estimated residual value, and amortize the amount of
our capital lease assets over their estimated economic useful lives, on a
straight-line basis. We amortize our deferred drydocking costs over
two to five years based on each vessel’s next anticipated
drydocking. Income derived from sale and subsequently leased assets
is deferred and amortized in proportion to the amortization of the leased
assets.
Administrative
Expenses. Administrative expenses are composed of general
overhead, including personnel costs, legal and professional fees, costs
associated with project development, property costs and other general
administration expenses. Included within administrative expenses are
pension and share option expenses. Pension expense refers to costs associated
with the pension scheme we maintain for some of our office-based employees (the
UK Scheme). Although this scheme is now closed to new entrants the
cost of provision of this benefit will vary with the movement of actuarial
variables and the value of the pension fund assets. Share option expense refers
to the compensation cost for employee stock options granted in 2006 and
later.
Interest Expense
and Interest Income. Interest expense depends on our overall
level of borrowings and may significantly increase when we acquire or lease
ships. During a newbuilding construction period, interest expense
incurred is capitalized in the cost of the newbuilding. Interest
expense may also change with prevailing interest rates, although interest rate
swaps or other derivative instruments may reduce the effect of these
changes. Interest income will depend on prevailing interest rates and
the level of our cash deposits and restricted cash deposits.
Other Financial
Items. Other financial items include financing fee arrangement
costs, amortization of deferred financing costs, market valuation adjustments
for interest rate swap derivatives and foreign exchange
gains/losses. The market valuation adjustment for our interest rate
derivatives may have a significant impact on our results of operations and
financial position although it does not impact our liquidity. Foreign
exchange gains or losses arise primarily due to the retranslation of our capital
lease obligations and the cash deposits securing those
obligations. Any gain or loss represents an unrealized gain or loss
and will arise over time as a result of exchange rate movements. Our
liquidity position will only be affected to the extent that we choose or are
required to withdraw monies from or pay additional monies into the deposits
securing our capital lease obligations or if the leases are
terminated.
Inflation
and Cost Increases
Although
inflation has had a moderate impact on operating expenses, interest costs,
drydocking expenses and overhead, we do not expect inflation to have a
significant impact on direct costs in the current and foreseeable economic
environment other than potentially in relation to insurance costs and crew
costs. It is anticipated that insurance costs, which have risen over
the last three years, will continue to rise over the next few
years. LNG transportation is a specialized area and the number of
vessels is increasing rapidly. Therefore, there will be an increased
demand for qualified crew, which has and will continue to put inflationary
pressure on crew costs. Only vessels on full cost pass through
charters would be protected from any crew cost increases. The impact
of these increases will be mitigated to some extent by the following provisions
in our charters:
|
·
|
The
Golar Mazo’s
charter provides for operating cost and insurance cost pass-throughs and
so we will be protected from the impact of the vast majority of such
increases.
|
|
·
|
The
Methane Princess’
charter provides that the operating cost component of the charter hire
rate, established at the beginning of the charter, will increase by 3% per
annum, except for insurance, which is covered at
cost.
|
|
·
|
Under
the OSAs for both the Golar Spirit and the
Golar Winter, the
hire amounts will be payable in Brazilian Reais. The hire
payable under the OSAs covers all vessel operating expenses, other than
drydocking and insurance which are covered under the Time Charter
Party. The hire amounts payable under the OSAs were established
between the parties at the time the charter was entered into and will be
increased based on a specified mix of consumer price and U.S. Dollar
foreign exchange rate indices on an annual
basis.
|
Results
of Operations
Our
results for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 were affected by
several key factors:
|
·
|
the
delivery of three newbuildings, the Gracilis in January
2005, the Grandis
in January 2006 and the Granosa in June
2006;
|
|
·
|
the
gain on disposal of our newbuilding DSME Hull 2244 to an unrelated third
party, realizing a significant gain of $41
million;
|
|
·
|
the
disposal of our entire equity interest in Korea Line resulting in an
aggregate gain on disposal of $73.6 million and corresponding decrease in
its contribution to equity in net earnings of
investees;
|
|
·
|
our
vessels not on long-term charters affected by commercial waiting
time. During 2007, the Golar Frost, Golar Winter and the
Golar Spirit all
operated in the spot market. Also the three vessels on
five-year charters with Shell; the Grandis, Gracilis and Granosa, (“Shell
vessels”) are subject to variable (market) charter rates and commercial
waiting. However, in March 2007, the Gracilis commenced a
three-year sub charter at a fixed rate, as part of the Shell charter
arrangement;
|
|
·
|
lease
finance and arrangements that we entered
into;
|
|
·
|
the
movement in mark-to-market valuations of our derivative
instruments;
|
|
·
|
share
options expense on options granted during 2006 and 2007;
and
|
|
·
|
restructuring
expenses and project expenses.
|
The
impact of these factors is discussed in more detail below.
Year
ended December 31, 2007, compared with the year ended December 31,
2006
Operating
revenues, voyage expenses and average daily time charter equivalent
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Total
operating revenues
|
|
|
224,674 |
|
|
|
239,697 |
|
|
|
(15,023 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
%) |
Voyage
expenses
|
|
|
(10,763 |
) |
|
|
(9,582 |
) |
|
|
1,181 |
|
|
|
12 |
% |
The
decrease in total operating revenues in 2007 compared to 2006 can primarily be
explained by the decrease in Golar Spirit’s earnings
resulting from its operation in the spot market at lower charter rates and with
a low level of utilization following the expiration of its long-term charter
contract with Pertamina at the end of November 2006; offset by the increase in
operating revenues arising from the addition of the Granosa to the fleet in June
2006 and a general improvement in the results of our vessels operating in the
spot market (excluding the Golar Spirit) and Shell
vessels.
The
Golar Spirit operated
in the spot market until its entry into the shipyard for its FSRU retrofitting
in October 2007 and is expected to be delivered in the second quarter of
2008. Consequently this restricted its available trading days and its
ability to earn spot revenues in 2007. The total operating revenues
generated by the Golar
Spirit in 2007 and 2006 were $3.1 million and $28.7 million,
respectively.
Voyage
expenses increased by $1.2 million in 2007 compared to 2006 principally as a
result of fuel costs incurred by the Golar Spirit during its
periods of commercial waiting time. While a vessel is on-hire, fuel
costs are typically borne by the charterer, whereas during periods of commercial
waiting time, fuel costs are borne by us.
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Calendar
days less scheduled off-hire days
|
|
|
4,197 |
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
daily TCE
|
|
$ |
51,000 |
|
|
$ |
55,700 |
|
|
$ |
(4,700 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
%) |
Average
daily TCE is calculated as $51,000 and $55,700 in 2007 and 2006,
respectively. The decrease in average daily TCE can be explained by
the reasons described above, primarily the lower utilization of the Golar Spirit following its
operation on the spot market.
The
available trading days of the Golar Spirit in 2007 and 2006
was 273 and 344 days, respectively. Commercial waiting days in 2007
and 2006 were 79% and 0% of available trading days for this vessel,
respectively.
Gain
on sale of newbuilding
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Gain
on sale of newbuilding
|
|
|
41,088 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
41,088 |
|
|
|
N/a |
|
In
February 2007, we sold our newbuilding DSME Hull 2244 to an unrelated third
party for gross consideration of $92.5 million, resulting in a gain on sale of
$41.1 million.
Vessel
Operating Expenses
(in
thousands of $, except for average daily vessel operating
costs)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Vessel
operating expenses
|
|
|
52,986 |
|
|
|
44,490 |
|
|
|
8,496 |
|
|
|
19 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
daily vessel operating costs
|
|
|
12,097 |
|
|
|
10,558 |
|
|
|
1,539 |
|
|
|
15 |
% |
The
increase in vessel operating expenses is mainly due to the addition of the Granosa to our fleet in June
2006 and the rising cost of recruiting and retaining officers for the
fleet. With a continuing shortage of LNG officers, this has resulted
in above inflation industry-wide crew pay awards in 2007 that has exceeded
historical levels. This trend is expected to prevail. It
should be noted that during its period of retrofitting vessel operating expenses
for the Golar Spirit
that are not attributable to the retrofitting have been charged to the
consolidated statement of operations. The average daily operating
expenses of our vessels for 2007 and 2006 were $12,097 and $10,558,
respectively. Average daily vessel operating expenses are calculated
by dividing vessel costs by the number of calendar days.
Administrative
Expenses
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Administrative
expenses
|
|
|
18,645 |
|
|
|
13,657 |
|
|
|
4,988 |
|
|
|
37 |
% |
The
increase in administrative expenses in 2007 was mainly due to an increase of
$3.2 million in the charge relating to employee share options, which increased
from $2.8 million in 2006, to $6.0 million in 2007. The increase in
the option charge is mainly the result of an additional 607,000 grants made in
2007 and a higher fair value attributed to the options granted, resulting
principally from an improvement in our share price. As of December
31, 2007, there was $5.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related
to nonvested outstanding share options, expected to be recognized over a
weighted average period of 1.7 years. Please read item 18 –
Consolidated Financial Statements: Note 29 – Share Capital and Share
Options. In addition we incurred costs of $1.4 million (2006: $0.6
million) in respect of the various projects that we are developing and have
expensed to administrative expenses. For the year ended December 31,
2007, this mainly related to the initial costs associated with the successful
tenders for the Petrobras contracts to employ the Golar Spirit and Golar Winter as FSRU
vessels.
Depreciation
and Amortization
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
60,163 |
|
|
|
56,822 |
|
|
|
3,341 |
|
|
|
6 |
% |
Depreciation
and amortization has increased mainly due to the addition of the Granosa to the fleet mid way
through 2006, resulting in a full year’s charge in 2007. A further
contributory factor was a significant increase in the amortization expense
relating to the Golar
Freeze. This was due to the Golar Freeze’s drydock in March 2007,
which was brought forward from the original expected date of September
2007. The decision to bring forward the drydock occurred in early
2007 and therefore reduced the period over which the 2004 drydock costs were
being amortized, which resulted in a higher amortization expense until its entry
into drydock in March 2007.
Impairment
of long-lived assets
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Impairment
of long-lived assets
|
|
|
2,345 |
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
2,345 |
|
|
|
N/a |
|
The
impairment charge of $2.3 million in 2007 relates to parts ordered for the FSRU
conversion project that will not be required for the conversion of the Golar Spirit and therefore
reflects a lower recoverable amount for these parts. The total cost
of this equipment (excluding the impairment charge) is $19.6 million, of which
only $14.4 million of costs had been incurred as at December 31,
2007.
Net
Financial Expenses
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Interest
income from capital lease restricted cash deposits
|
|
|
47,944 |
|
|
|
36,891 |
|
|
|
11,053 |
|
|
|
30 |
% |
Other
interest income
|
|
|
6,962 |
|
|
|
3,815 |
|
|
|
3,147 |
|
|
|
83 |
% |
Interest
Income
|
|
|
54,906 |
|
|
|
40,706 |
|
|
|
14,200 |
|
|
|
35 |
% |
Capital
lease interest expense
|
|
|
(60,690 |
) |
|
|
(50,375 |
) |
|
|
(10,315 |
) |
|
|
21 |
% |
Other
debt related interest expense
|
|
|
(51,646 |
) |
|
|
(50,923 |
) |
|
|
(723 |
) |
|
|
1 |
% |
Interest
Expense
|
|
|
(112,336 |
) |
|
|
(101,298 |
) |
|
|
(11,038 |
) |
|
|
11 |
% |
Mark-to-market
adjustments for interest swap derivatives
|
|
|
(13,689 |
) |
|
|
5,921 |
|
|
|
(19,610 |
) |
|
|
331 |
% |
Net
foreign currency adjustments for re-translation of lease related balances
and mark-to-market adjustments for lease related currency swap
derivatives
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
3,187 |
|
|
|
(2,837 |
) |
|
|
(89 |
%) |
Mark-to-market
adjustments for equity swap derivative including gain on
termination
|
|
|
7,438 |
|
|
|
(777 |
) |
|
|
8,215
|
|
|
|
(1,057 |
%) |
Natural
gas forward contract
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
2,045 |
|
|
|
(1,659 |
) |
|
|
(81 |
%) |
Other
|
|
|
(2,647 |
) |
|
|
(1,940 |
) |
|
|
(707 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
%) |
Other
Financial Items, net
|
|
|
(8,162 |
) |
|
|
8,436 |
|
|
|
(16,598 |
) |
|
|
(197 |
%) |
The
$11.1 million increase in lease deposit interest income in 2007 is primarily due
to the combination of two factors: higher British Pound (“GBP”) LIBOR
interest rates; and the effect of the appreciation of GBP against the U.S.
dollar on interest income earned on our letters of credit (“LC”) deposits
denominated in GBP.
Capital
lease interest expense increased from $50.4 million in 2006 compared to $60.7
million in 2007 as a result of higher GBP LIBOR interest rates and higher lease
balances resulting from the retranslation of lease balances denominated in GBP
to U.S. Dollars.
Mark-to-market
adjustments for interest swap derivatives resulted in a loss of $13.7 million in
2007 compared to a gain of $5.9 million in 2006. This is mainly due to the
decline in long-term swap rates.
Foreign
exchange gains and losses arise as a result of the retranslation of our capital
lease obligations, the cash deposits securing those obligations and the movement
in the fair value of the currency swap used to hedge the Golar Winter lease
transaction. The gain in 2007 was mainly due to the continued depreciation of
the U.S. dollar against British Pounds. Of the $0.4 million net
foreign exchange gain in 2007, a gain of $2.7 million (2006: $20.8 million)
arose in respect of the mark-to-market valuation of the currency swap
representing the movement in the fair value. This swap hedges the currency risk
arising from lease rentals due in respect of the Golar Winter GBP lease rental
obligation, by translating GBP payments into U.S. dollar payments at a fixed
GBP/USD exchange rate (i.e. Golar receives GBP and pays U.S. dollars). The gain
arose due to the depreciation of the U.S dollar against the British Pound during
the year and represents an unrealized gain. The loss on retranslation of the
lease obligation in respect of the Golar Winter lease, which this swap hedges,
was $2.7 million (2006: $20.1 million). This loss also represents an unrealized
loss.
In
October 2005, we established a twelve month facility for a Stock Indexed Total
Return Swap Programme or Equity Swap Line with the Bank of Nova Scotia, or BNS
in connection with a share buy back scheme of ours as discussed
further below under ‘Liquidity and Capital Resources – Derivatives’. In October
2006 this facility was extended for a further 12 months. The mark-to-market
adjustment resulted in a gain of $7.4 million (2006: $0.8 million loss). In May
2007, we terminated this facility and bought back the related shares from
BNS.
During
2007 and 2006, we entered into forward contracts, which Arcadia
Limited (“Arcadia”) executed on our behalf for the purpose of hedging our risk
exposure to the risk of the movement in the natural gas effecting charter rates
and for speculative purposes. In 2007 and 2006, the realized gain on termination
of these natural gas forward contracts receivable from Arcadia was $0.4 million
and $2.0 million, respectively. Arcadia is indirectly controlled by
the Company’s chairman, John Fredriksen.
Other
items represent, amongst other things, bank charges and the amortization of debt
related expenses. The increase in 2007 is primarily due to the
write-off of $0.4 million financing fees in 2007, as a result of the refinancing
of the Gracilis loan in August 2007.
Minority
Interest and Income Taxes
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Minority
interest
|
|
|
6,547 |
|
|
|
7,049 |
|
|
|
(502 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
%) |
Income
taxes
|
|
|
(299 |
) |
|
|
1,257 |
|
|
|
(1,556 |
) |
|
|
(124 |
%) |
Minority
interest, consisting of the 40% interest in the Golar Mazo, decreased as a
result of lower net income from the Golar Mazo, in which we own a
60% interest. This decrease was mainly due to a loss on the
mark-to-market movement of the Golar Mazo interest rate swap in 2007 compared to
a gain in 2006.
Income
taxes relate primarily to the taxation of our U.K. based vessel operating
companies. The decrease in income taxes from a $1.3 million charge in
2006 compared to a credit of $0.3 million in 2007 was mainly due to the
utilization of Golar
Spirit’s 2007 trading losses against
its 2006 taxable profits and the group relief of losses against the current
taxable profits of U.K. group companies. Furthermore income
taxes are noticeably higher in 2006 compared to 2005 and earlier
years. This was primarily due to the taxation of time charter income
received from Pertamina relating to the drydocking of the Golar Spirit, which occurred
during 2006. The income was received and taxed during the year, but the
deductible expense (drydocking amortization) is spread over the period to the
next drydock.
Equity
in Net Earnings of Investees including Gain on Sale of Investee and
Available-for-sale Securities
(in
thousands of $)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Change
|
|
|
Change
|
|
Share
of net earnings in Korea Line
|
|
|
14,922 |
|
|
|
17,360 |
|
|
|
(2,438 |
) |
|
|
(14 |
%) |
Share
of losses in other investees
|
|
|
(1,282 |
) |
|
|
(371 |
) |
|
|
(911 |
) |
|
|