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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2012

Commission file number 1-9924

Citigroup Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý

        Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock as of the latest practicable date:

Common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2012: 2,932,483,238

Available on the web at www.citigroup.com

   

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CITIGROUP INC

SECOND QUARTER 2012—FORM 10-Q

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OVERVIEW

        Citigroup's history dates back to the founding of Citibank in 1812. Citigroup's original corporate predecessor was incorporated in 1988 under the laws of the State of Delaware. Following a series of transactions over a number of years, Citigroup Inc. was formed in 1998 upon the merger of Citicorp and Travelers Group Inc.

        Citigroup is a global diversified financial services holding company whose businesses provide consumers, corporations, governments and institutions with a broad range of financial products and services. Citi has approximately 200 million customer accounts and does business in more than 160 countries and jurisdictions.

        Citigroup currently operates, for management reporting purposes, via two primary business segments: Citicorp, consisting of Citi's Global Consumer Banking businesses and Institutional Clients Group; and Citi Holdings, consisting of Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending and Special Asset Pool. For a further description of the business segments and the products and services they provide, see "Citigroup Segments" below, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        Throughout this report, "Citigroup," "Citi" and "the Company" refer to Citigroup Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

        This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with Citigroup's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 (2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K) and Citigroup's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012. Additional information about Citigroup is available on Citi's Web site at www.citigroup.com. Citigroup's recent annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, proxy statements, as well as other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), are available free of charge through Citi's Web site by clicking on the "Investors" page and selecting "All SEC Filings." The SEC's Web site also contains current reports, information statements, and other information regarding Citi at www.sec.gov.

        Within this Form 10-Q, please refer to the tables of contents on pages 2 and 104 for page references to Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, respectively.

        Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior periods' financial statements to conform to the current period's presentation. For information on certain recent such classifications, including the transfer of the substantial majority of Citi's retail partner cards businesses (which is now referred to as Citi retail services) from Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending to Citicorp—North America Regional Consumer Banking, which was effective January 1, 2012, see Citi's Form 8-K furnished to the SEC on March 26, 2012.

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As described above, Citigroup is managed pursuant to the following segments:

        The following are the four regions in which Citigroup operates. The regional results are fully reflected in the segment results above.

   

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(1)

North America includes the U.S., Canada and Puerto Rico, Latin America includes Mexico, and Asia includes Japan.

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MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SECOND QUARTER 2012 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Citigroup

        Citigroup reported second quarter of 2012 net income of $2.9 billion, or $0.95 per diluted share. Citi's reported net income declined by 12%, or $395 million, from the second quarter of 2011. Results for the second quarter of 2012 included a positive credit valuation adjustment on derivatives (excluding monolines), net of hedges (CVA) and debt valuation adjustment on Citi's fair value option debt (DVA) of $219 million, compared to positive $164 million in the second quarter of 2011, as Citi's credit spreads marginally widened during the quarter. Results for the second quarter of 2012 also included a net pre-tax loss of $424 million from the partial sale of Citi's minority interest in Akbank T.A.S. (Akbank). This compared to a $199 million gain recorded in the second quarter of 2011 from the partial sale of Citi's minority interest in Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd.

        Excluding CVA/DVA and the impact of these minority investments, Citi earned $3.1 billion in the second quarter of 2012, or $1.00 per diluted share, compared to $1.02 per diluted share in the prior-year period. The year-over-year decrease in earnings per share, excluding CVA/DVA and the impact of minority investments, primarily reflected lower revenues, partially offset by a year-over-year decline in expenses and continued declines in credit costs.

        As announced on July 19, 2012, Citi could have a significant non-cash charge to its net income in the third quarter of 2012, representing other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of its 49% interest in the Morgan Stanley Smith Barney joint venture. For additional information, see "Citi Holdings—Brokerage and Asset Management" and Notes 11 and 24 to the Consolidated Financial Statements below.

        Citi's revenues, net of interest expense, were $18.6 billion in the second quarter of 2012, down 10% versus the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA and the impact of minority investments, revenues were $18.8 billion, down 7% from the second quarter of 2011, as revenues in Citicorp (comprised of Global Consumer Banking (GCB), Securities and Banking and Transaction Services) were unchanged from the prior-year period while revenues continued to decline in Citi Holdings. Net interest revenues of $11.6 billion were 5% lower than the prior-year period, largely due to continued declining loan balances in Local Consumer Lending in Citi Holdings. Excluding CVA/DVA and the impact of minority investments, non-interest revenues were $7.3 billion, down 11% from the prior-year period, principally due to the absence of gains on the sale of reclassified held-to-maturity securities and other assets in the Special Asset Pool in the second quarter of 2011.

Operating Expenses

        Citigroup expenses fell 6% versus the prior-year period to $12.1 billion. In the second quarter of 2012, Citi recorded legal and related costs and repositioning charges of $666 million ($480 million of legal and related costs and $186 million of repositioning charges, approximately half of which was related to Securities and Banking), compared to $637 million in the prior-year period ($601 million of legal and related costs and $36 million of repositioning charges). Excluding these items, as well as the impact of foreign exchange translation into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes (FX translation), which lowered reported expenses by approximately $0.5 billion in the second quarter of 2012, operating expenses fell by 3% to $11.5 billion versus the prior-year period. Citi's legal and related expenses remained at elevated levels during the second quarter of 2012, and will likely continue to be difficult to predict. Citi could also incur additional repositioning charges in future periods, as it continues to adapt its businesses to the market environment.

        Citicorp's expenses were $10.3 billion, down 3% from $10.7 billion in the prior-year period, due primarily a decline in Securities and Banking expenses year-over-year resulting from efficiency savings and lower compensation costs.

        Citi Holdings expenses were down 25% year-over-year to $1.2 billion, principally due to the continued decline in assets and thus lower operating expenses, as well as lower legal and related costs.

Credit Costs

        Citi's total provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims of $2.8 billion declined $581 million, or 17%, from the prior-year period. Net credit losses of $3.6 billion were down $1.6 billion, or 31%, from the second quarter of 2011. Consumer net credit losses declined $1.4 billion, or 29%, to $3.4 billion, driven by continued credit improvement in North America Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services in Citicorp and in Local Consumer Lending within Citi Holdings. Corporate net credit losses decreased $196 million year-over-year to $154 million, driven primarily by continued credit improvement in the Special Asset Pool in Citi Holdings.

        The net release of allowance for loan losses and unfunded lending commitments was $984 million in the second quarter of 2012, down 50% from the net release of $2.0 billion in the second quarter of 2011. Of the $984 million net reserve release, $923 million related to Consumer and was mainly driven by North America Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services. The $61 million net Corporate reserve release was mainly driven by the Special Asset Pool in Citi Holdings.

        $715 million of the net reserve release was attributable to Citicorp and compared to a $1.4 billion release in the prior-year period. The decline in the Citicorp reserve release year-over-year mostly reflected a lower reserve release in North America Regional Consumer Banking (NA RCB) and a reserve build within Latin America Regional Consumer Banking (LATAM RCB), primarily driven by loan growth. The $269 million net reserve release in Citi Holdings was down from $583 million in the prior-year period, due primarily to lower releases in the Special Asset Pool.

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Capital and Loan Loss Reserve Positions

        Citigroup's Tier 1 Capital ratio was 14.5% at quarter end and its Tier 1 Common ratio was 12.7%, up approximately 90 and 110 basis points, respectively, from the prior-year period. Citi's estimated Tier 1 Common ratio under Basel III was 7.9% at the end of the second quarter of 2012, an increase from an estimated 7.2% as of the first quarter of 2012. The increase in Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio quarter-over-quarter was primarily due to net income, but was also positively impacted by the partial sale of Citi's stake in Akbank as well as lower risk-weighted assets. For additional information on Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Capital Resources" below.

        Citigroup's total allowance for loan losses was $27.6 billion at quarter end, or 4.3% of total loans, compared to $34.4 billion, or 5.4%, in the prior-year period. The decline in the total allowance for loan losses reflected continued asset sales in Citi Holdings, lower non-accrual loans, and overall continued improvement in the credit quality of the loan portfolios.

        The Consumer allowance for loan losses was $24.6 billion, or 6.0% of total Consumer loans, at quarter-end, compared to $30.9 billion, or 7.0% of total loans, at June 30, 2011. Total non-accrual assets declined 22% to $11.5 billion compared to the second quarter of 2011. Corporate non-accrual loans declined 47% to $2.6 billion, and Consumer non-accrual loans declined 1% to $8.3 billion.

Citicorp

        Citicorp net income increased 6% from the prior-year period to $4.3 billion. The increase largely reflected a 3% decline in each of operating expenses and provisions for credit losses and for benefits and claims, with revenues relatively unchanged at $18.0 billion. The decline in operating expenses in Citicorp year-over-year primarily reflected the impact of FX translation. CVA/DVA recorded in Securities and Banking was a positive $198 million in the second quarter of 2012, compared to positive $147 million in the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA, Citicorp net income increased 5% from the prior-year period to $4.2 billion.

        Excluding CVA/DVA, Citicorp revenues were $17.8 billion, flat versus the second quarter of 2011. GCB revenues of $9.8 billion were largely unchanged versus the prior-year period. North America RCB revenues grew 4% to $5.1 billion driven by higher mortgage revenues, which Citi expects could continue into the third quarter of 2012. The higher mortgage revenues were partially offset by lower cards revenues as consumers continued to deleverage in the face of ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty. Citi expects this trend in cards to continue for the remainder of 2012.

        International GCB revenues (consisting of Asia Regional Consumer Banking (Asia RCB), LATAM RCB and EMEA Regional Consumer Banking (EMEA RCB)) declined 4% year-over-year to $4.6 billion. International GCB revenues were negatively impacted by FX translation as the U.S. dollar generally strengthened in the second quarter of 2012 against local currencies in which Citi generates revenues. Excluding the impact of FX translation, international GCB revenues rose 4% year-over-year, driven by 8% revenue growth in LATAM RCB, partially offset by a 1% decline in EMEA RCB while revenues in Asia RCB were largely unchanged. In Asia, the slowdown in revenue growth from prior periods reflected a combination of lower investment sales due to overall macroeconomic concerns and regulatory actions to limit the availability of consumer credit in certain countries, particularly Korea. Citi expects these regulatory factors to continue to negatively impact revenues in Asia in the third and fourth quarters of 2012.

        In North America RCB, average deposits of $151 billion grew 5% year-over-year and retail loans of $41 billion grew 22%, while average card loans of $108 billion declined 3% and card purchase sales were roughly flat due to the deleveraging related to ongoing macroeconomic uncertainty, as referenced above. Excluding the impact of FX translation, international GCB average deposits of $166 billion grew 1% year-over-year, average retail loans of $97 billion were up 11%, and average card loans of $36 billion grew 5% year-over-year. International card purchase sales were up 10%, excluding the impact of FX translation.

        Citicorp end of period loans increased for the sixth consecutive quarter, up 10% year-over-year to $527 billion, with 2% growth in Consumer loans and 22% growth in Corporate loans.

        Securities and Banking revenues were $5.4 billion in the second quarter of 2012, down 1% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of CVA/DVA, Securities and Banking revenues were $5.2 billion, or 2% lower than the prior-year period. Fixed income markets revenues, excluding CVA/DVA,(1) of $2.8 billion in the second quarter of 2012 decreased 4% from the prior-year period, as lower revenues in credit and securitized products, driven by weaker market conditions, were partially offset by strong revenue growth within rates and currencies. Equity markets revenues, excluding CVA/DVA, of $550 million in the second quarter of 2012 were 29% below the prior-year period, largely related to lower industry volumes in cash equities. Investment banking revenues fell 21% from the prior-year period to $854 million as slight growth in advisory revenues was more than offset by declines in debt and equity underwriting revenues. Lending revenues of $608 million were up 70% from the prior-year period, driven by higher net interest revenues on strong corporate loan growth and improved spreads, as well as $42 million in gains on hedges compared to an $85 million loss on hedges in the prior-year period. Private Bank revenues, excluding CVA/DVA, of $570 million were up 3% from the prior-year period driven primarily by growth in North America lending and deposits.

        Transaction Services revenues were $2.8 billion, up 5% from the prior-year period, as growth in Treasury and Trade Solutions offset declines in Securities and Fund Services. Treasury and Trade Solutions revenue growth reflected strong growth in average deposits and trade loans. Securities and Fund Services revenues primarily reflected the impact of FX

   

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(1)

For the summary of CVA/DVA by business within Securities and Banking for the second quarter of 2012 and comparable periods, see "Citicorp—Institutional Clients Group—Securities and Banking" below.

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translation. Excluding the impact of FX translation, Securities and Fund Services delivered modest revenue growth while absorbing lower assets under custody and lower settlement volumes. Transaction Services average deposits and other customer liabilities grew 8% year-over-year to $396 billion, while assets under custody declined 6% year-over-year to $12.2 trillion.

Citi Holdings

        Citi Holdings net loss of $920 million in the second quarter of 2012 was higher than the loss of $661 million reported in the second quarter of 2011, as revenue declines and lower credit reserve releases more than offset lower expenses and a continued improvement in net credit losses.

        Citi Holdings revenues decreased 62% from the prior-year period to $924 million. Excluding CVA/DVA of positive $21 million in the second quarter of 2012, compared to positive $17 million in the prior-year period, Citi Holdings revenues were $903 million, or 62% lower than the second quarter of 2011. Net interest revenues declined 44% year-over-year to $581 million, largely driven by continued declining loan balances in Local Consumer Lending. Non-interest revenues, excluding CVA/DVA, decreased 76% to $322 million from the prior-year period, primarily reflecting the absence of gains on sale of reclassified held-to-maturity securities and other assets in the Special Asset Pool in the second quarter of 2011.

        Citi Holdings assets declined 28% year-over-year to $191 billion as of the end of the second quarter of 2012. At the end of the second quarter of 2012, Citi Holdings assets comprised approximately 10% of total Citigroup GAAP assets and 18% of current risk-weighted assets. Local Consumer Lending continued to represent the largest segment within Citi Holdings, with $138 billion of assets. Over 70% of Local Consumer Lending assets, or approximately $100 billion, consist of mortgages in North America real estate lending. As of the end of the second quarter of 2012, approximately $9.5 billion of Citi's loan loss reserves were allocated to North America real estate lending in Citi Holdings.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA—Page 1

Statement continues on the next page, including notes to the table.

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SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA—Page 2

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SEGMENT AND BUSINESS—INCOME (LOSS) AND REVENUES

        The following tables show the income (loss) and revenues for Citigroup on a segment and business view:

CITIGROUP INCOME

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CITIGROUP REVENUES

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CITICORP

        Citicorp is Citigroup's global bank for consumers and businesses and represents Citi's core franchises. Citicorp is focused on providing best-in-class products and services to customers and leveraging Citigroup's unparalleled global network, including many of the world's emerging economies. Citicorp is physically present in approximately 100 countries, many for over 100 years, and offers services in over 160 countries and jurisdictions. Citi believes this global network provides a strong foundation for servicing the broad financial services needs of its large multinational clients and for meeting the needs of retail, private banking, commercial, public sector and institutional clients around the world. At June 30, 2012, Citicorp had approximately $1.4 trillion of assets and $845 billion of deposits, representing approximately 75% of Citi's total assets and approximately 92% of its deposits.

        Citicorp consists of the following businesses: Global Consumer Banking (which included retail banking and Citi-branded cards in four regions—North America, EMEA, Latin America and Asia, as well as Citi retail services in North America) and Institutional Clients Group (which includes Securities and Banking and Transaction Services).

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GLOBAL CONSUMER BANKING

        Global Consumer Banking (GCB) consists of Citigroup's four geographical Regional Consumer Banking (RCB) businesses that provide traditional banking services to retail customers through retail banking, commercial banking, Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services. GCB is a globally diversified business with 4,080 branches in 39 countries around the world. At June 30, 2012, GCB had $387 billion of assets and $324 billion of deposits.

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NORTH AMERICA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING

        North America Regional Consumer Banking (NA RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card and Citi retail service to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses in the U.S. NA RCB's 1,015 retail bank branches and 12.5 million customer accounts, as of June 30, 2012, are largely concentrated in the greater metropolitan areas of New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Miami, Washington, D.C., Boston, Philadelphia and certain larger cities in Texas. At June 30, 2012, NA RCB had $40.9 billion of retail banking loans and $153.2 billion of deposits. In addition, NA RCB had 102.8 million Citi-branded and Citi retail services credit card accounts, with $109.3 billion in outstanding card loan balances.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        Net income increased 8% as compared to the prior-year period, driven by lower net credit losses and higher revenues from higher gains on sale of mortgages, partly offset by lower loan loss reserve releases, lower cards revenues and higher expenses.

        Revenues increased 4% year-over-year as lower net interest margin and loan balances in Citi's cards businesses were more than offset by higher non-interest revenue from the sale of mortgages, which Citi expects will continue into the third quarter of 2012. Net interest revenue decreased 4% year-over-year, driven primarily by lower cards net interest margin which continued to be negatively impacted by the look-back provision of The Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act (CARD Act). (The CARD Act requires a review be done once every six months for card accounts where the annual percentage rate (APR) has been increased since January 1, 2009 to assess whether changes in credit risk, market conditions or other factors merit a future decline in APR.) In addition, net interest revenue for cards was negatively impacted by higher low-margin promotional balances and lower total average loans, reflecting an increase in the payment rate. NA RCB continues to believe the negative impact of the CARD Act and promotional balances should dissipate over the course of 2012 as the population of card accounts subject to the CARD Act look-back provisions declines and promotional balances convert or close. However, Citi expects higher payment rates from consumers,

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reflecting ongoing economic uncertainty and deleveraging, as well as Citi's shift to higher credit quality borrowers, to continue for the remainder of 2012, absent a meaningful improvement in the U.S. economy. Non-interest revenue increased 45% year-over-year, primarily due to the higher gains on sale of mortgages, partially offset by a decline in non-interest revenues in Citi retail services in the current quarter driven by improving credit and the resulting impact on contractual partner payments.

        As part of its Citi-branded cards business, Citi (through Citibank, N.A.) issues a co-branded credit card product with American Airlines, the Citi/AAdvantage card. As has been widely-reported, AMR Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, including American Airlines, Inc. (collectively, AMR), filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in November 2011. To date, the ongoing AMR bankruptcy has not had a material impact on the results of operations for NA RCB, Citicorp or Citi as a whole. However, it is not certain what the outcome of the bankruptcy process will be or what impact, if any, such outcome could have on the results of operations or financial condition of NA RCB over time.

        Expenses increased 5%, driven entirely by an increase in legal reserves related to the interchange litigation (see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information).

        Provisions decreased 21% year-over-year primarily due to lower credit losses in the cards portfolio (down 29% to $1.5 billion), partly offset by the continued lower loan loss reserve releases ($814 million in the second quarter of 2012 compared to $1.2 billion in the prior-year period). Overall, Citi expects continued improvement in North America RCB credit quality, assuming no meaningful downturn in the U.S. or global economy.

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        Year-to-date, NA RCB has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net income increased 23% as compared to the prior-year period driven by the improvements in credit costs and higher non-interest revenue, partially offset by lower net interest revenue and higher expenses.

        Revenues increased 4% period-over-period mainly due to the higher non-interest revenue on sale of mortgages, partially offset by lower loan balances and margin pressure in the cards business. Net interest revenue was down 3% driven primarily by the lower volumes in cards, with average loans lower by 3%. In addition, cards net interest margin was negatively impacted by the look-back provision of the CARD Act and higher low-margin promotional balances. Non-interest revenue increased 45% from the prior year-to-date period, mainly due to the higher gains from mortgage loan sales.

        Expenses increased 4% period-over-period, primarily driven by the higher legal reserve described above. This was offset partly by ongoing savings initiatives.

        Provisions decreased 28% period-over-period, primarily due to a net credit loss decline of $1.4 billion, partially offset by a decrease in loan loss reserve releases of $786 million as compared to the prior year-to-date period. Cards net credit losses were down $1.3 billion, or 30%, from the prior year-to-date period. The decline in credit costs was driven by the improving credit conditions and stricter underwriting criteria.

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EMEA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING

        EMEA Regional Consumer Banking (EMEA RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, primarily in Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The countries in which EMEA RCB has the largest presence are Poland, Turkey, Russia and the United Arab Emirates. At June 30, 2012, EMEA RCB had 240 retail bank branches with 4.0 million customer accounts, $4.6 billion in retail banking loans and $12.6 billion in deposits. In addition, the business had 2.6 million Citi-branded card accounts with $2.8 billion in outstanding card loan balances.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        Net income declined by 48% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net income declined by 26%, driven by higher expenses and higher provisions for loan losses.

        Revenues decreased 11% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, revenues declined 1%, driven by the absence of Akbank, which was moved to Corporate/Other in the first quarter of 2012. Net interest revenue increased 3% driven by the absence of Akbank investment funding costs in the current quarter and growth in deposits and retail loans, partially offset by the impact of FX translation and slight spread compression. Interest rate caps on credit cards, particularly in Turkey, and the continued liquidation of a higher yielding non-strategic retail banking portfolio, were the main contributors to the lower spreads. Non-interest revenue decreased 32%, mainly reflecting the absence of Akbank contribution in the current quarter. The underlying drivers in EMEA RCB continued to show growth as cards purchase sales grew 8% and retail new loan volume increased 16% year-over-year, each excluding the impact of FX translation.

        Expenses decreased 5% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, expenses grew by 6% due to the impact of account acquisition-focused investment spending, expansion of the sales force and restructuring charges in Poland and Central Europe.

        Provisions increased by $6 million year-over-year due to lower loan loss reserve releases, partially offset by lower net credit losses. Net credit losses continued to improve, declining 70% year-over-year due to the ongoing improvement in credit quality and the move towards lower risk products, together with a benefit from the sale of portfolios in Turkey and Poland (which totaled $13 million) in the current quarter. Citi expects provisions could continue to have a negative impact on EMEA RCB results as net credit losses have largely stabilized while the majority of loan loss reserve releases have occurred.

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2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        Year-to-date, EMEA RCB has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net income declined by 91% year-to-date as compared to the prior year-to-date period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net income declined by 77% from the prior year-to-date period, due to lower revenues and higher expenses and credit costs.

        Revenues decreased 10% period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, revenues declined 3% driven by the absence of Akbank. Net interest revenue increased 6% driven by the absence of the Akbank investment funding costs and the growth in deposits and retail loans, partially offset by the impact of FX translation and spread compression, driven by the factors described above. Non-interest revenue decreased 34%, mainly reflecting the absence of Akbank.

        Expenses increased 4% period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, expenses increased 10% due to the impact of the account acquisition-focused investment spending and the other factors described above.

        Provisions increased by $14 million period-over-period due to the lower loan loss reserve releases, partially offset by the lower net credit losses.

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LATIN AMERICA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING

        Latin America Regional Consumer Banking (LATAM RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, with the largest presence in Mexico and Brazil. LATAM RCB includes branch networks throughout Latin America as well as Banco Nacional de Mexico, or Banamex, Mexico's second-largest bank, with over 1,700 branches. At June 30, 2012, LATAM RCB had 2,198 retail branches, with 31.9 million customer accounts, $25.9 billion in retail banking loans and $45.8 billion in deposits. In addition, the business had 13.0 million Citi-branded card accounts with $13.7 billion in outstanding loan balances.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        Net income declined 16% year-over-year, mainly driven by the impact of FX translation. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net income declined 1% due to increased loan loss reserve builds resulting from portfolio growth, partially offset by higher revenues.

        Revenues decreased 4%, mainly due to the impact of FX translation. Excluding the impact of FX translation, revenues grew 8% year-over-year, mainly due to higher volumes and fees, particularly in Mexico personal installment loans and Brazil cards. Net interest revenue was largely unchanged year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net interest revenue increased 12% due to growth in loans and deposits, partially offset by continued spread compression from higher credit quality customers. Average loans increased in both retail banking and cards, by 27% and 11%, respectively, and deposits grew by 2%, each excluding the impact of FX translation. Non-interest decreased 11% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, non-interest revenue increased 2%, primarily due to higher fees in cards resulting from a 15% increase in purchase sales and a 3% increase in card accounts.

        Expenses declined 9% due to the impact of FX translation. Excluding the impact of FX translation, expenses increased 3% as a result of higher volume of transactions, marketing, sales incentives and restructuring costs.

        Provisions increased by 29% year-over-year, mainly as loan loss reserves releases in the prior-year period are now builds due to the volume growth in Mexico and Brazil. Net credit losses decreased 6% year-over-year. Citi expects credit costs in Latin America RCB will likely continue to increase in line with portfolio growth.

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        Year-to-date, LATAM RCB has experienced similar trends to those previously described. Net income declined 19% driven primarily by an increase in provisions and the impact of FX translation. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net income declined 11% as increased credit provisions mainly due to higher loan loss reserve builds were partially offset by higher revenues.

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        Revenues were generally flat period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, revenues increased 10%, mainly due to higher volumes, primarily in Mexico personal loans and cards. Net interest revenue increased 3% period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net interest revenue increased 11%, driven by the continued growth in lending and deposits, partly offset by spread compression. Non-interest revenue decreased 3%. Excluding the impact of FX translation, non-interest revenue was up 6% mostly due to higher cards fees resulting from a 16% growth in purchase sales.

        Expenses decreased 5% period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, expenses increased 4%, mostly due to higher volumes, account acquisition and sales incentives, partially offset by reengineering actions.

        Provisions increased 57% period-over-period mainly as a result of the loan loss reserves builds driven by the higher volumes in Mexico and Brazil.

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ASIA REGIONAL CONSUMER BANKING

        Asia Regional Consumer Banking (Asia RCB) provides traditional banking and Citi-branded card services to retail customers and small to mid-size businesses, with the largest Citi presence in South Korea, Australia, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, India and Indonesia. Citi's Japan Consumer Finance business, which Citi has been exiting since 2008, is included in Citi Holdings. At June 30, 2012, Asia RCB had 627 retail branches, 16.8 million customer accounts, $67.6 billion in retail banking loans and $112.5 billion in deposits. In addition, the business had 15.7 million Citi-branded card accounts with $19.6 billion in outstanding loan balances.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        Net income decreased 6% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net income decreased 2% driven by higher expenses, partially offset by lower provisions.

        Revenues decreased 4% year-over-year, but were flat excluding the impact of FX translation. Higher average loans in Citi-branded cards were offset by lower investment sales due to the uncertain market environment and corresponding weak investor sentiment. Lending and deposit revenues were flat, as growth in most markets was offset by pressure in Korea and Japan. Net interest revenue decreased 5% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net interest revenue decreased 1%. Continued increases in lending and deposit volumes were offset by spread compression (mainly in retail lending). Spread compression continued to be driven by improvements in the risk profile for personal and other loans, stricter underwriting criteria as well as by certain regulatory changes in Korea, where policy actions have lowered the availability of consumer credit. This will likely continue to have a negative impact on net interest revenue into the third and fourth quarters of 2012. Non-interest revenue decreased 2% year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, non-interest revenue increased 1%. The slight increase in non-interest revenue reflected growth in Citi-branded cards purchase sales, partially offset by the decrease in revenue from investment sales/foreign exchange products for the reasons described above. Citi also expects this trend to continue for the remainder of 2012.

        Expenses were relatively unchanged year-over-year. Excluding the impact of FX translation, expenses increased 2%, largely due to investments in China cards and branches and Korea and Japan-related expenses, partially offset by ongoing productivity savings.

        Provisions decreased 14% year-over-year, reflecting lower net credit losses and higher loan loss reserve releases. The decrease in provisions reflected continued credit quality improvement, partially offset by the increasing volumes in the region and higher provisions in Korea due to credit performance and the impact of regulatory changes. Assuming the underlying core portfolio continues to grow and season during the remainder of 2012, Citi expects credit costs to increase marginally in line with portfolio growth.

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2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        Net income increased 2% period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net income increased 5%, driven by higher revenues and lower provisions, partially offset by marginally higher expenses.

        Revenues increased 1% period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, revenues increased 3%, primarily driven by higher business volumes in cards, deposits and retail lending as well as the prior period charges relating to the repurchase of certain Lehman structured notes (approximately $70 million). This increase was partially offset by lower investment sales and spread compression. Net interest revenue decreased 2% compared to the prior year-to-date period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, net interest revenue was generally flat, primarily driven by the increases in lending and deposit volumes, offset by spread compression. Non-interest revenue increased 7% period-over-period, reflecting the growth in Citi-branded cards purchase sales and higher revenues from foreign exchange products as well as the prior period Lehman-related charges mentioned above, partially offset by the decrease in revenue from investment sales.

        Expenses were flat period-over-period. Excluding the impact of FX translation, expenses increased 2% period-over-period, due primarily to growth in business volumes, investments and Korea and Japan-related expenses.

        Provisions decreased 4% as continued lower net credit losses were partially offset by lower loan loss reserve releases. The decrease in credit provisions reflected continued credit quality improvement, partially offset by the increasing volumes in the region and higher provisions in Korea due to credit performance and the impact of the regulatory changes.

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INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS GROUP

        Institutional Clients Group (ICG) includes Securities and Banking and Transaction Services. ICG provides corporate, institutional, public sector and high-net-worth clients around the world with a full range of products and services, including cash management, foreign exchange, trade finance and services, securities services, sales and trading, institutional brokerage, underwriting, lending and advisory services. ICG's international presence is supported by trading floors in approximately 75 countries and jurisdictions and a proprietary network within Transaction Services in over 95 countries and jurisdictions. At June 30, 2012, ICG had approximately $1.0 trillion of assets and $521 billion of deposits.

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SECURITIES AND BANKING

        Securities and Banking (S&B) offers a wide array of investment and commercial banking services and products for corporations, governments, institutional and retail investors, and high-net-worth individuals. S&B transacts with clients in both cash instruments and derivatives, including fixed income, foreign currency, equity, and commodity products. S&B includes investment banking and advisory services, lending, debt and equity sales and trading, institutional brokerage, derivative services and private banking.

        S&B revenue is generated primarily from fees and spreads associated with these activities. S&B earns fee income for assisting clients in clearing transactions, providing brokerage and investment banking services and other such activities. Revenue generated from these activities is recorded in Commissions and fees. In addition, as a market maker, S&B facilitates transactions, including holding product inventory to meet client demand, and earns the differential between the price at which it buys and sells the products. These price differentials and the unrealized gains and losses on the inventory are recorded in Principal transactions. S&B interest income earned on inventory and loans held is recorded as a component of Net interest revenue.

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2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        Net income increased 18% from the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA, net income increased 16%, primarily driven by a decrease in expenses, partially offset by lower revenues (see the table below for the CVA/DVA by business and total for the second quarter of 2012 and comparable periods).

        Revenues decreased 1% from the prior-year period. Excluding CVA/DVA, revenues decreased 2%, reflecting the impact of a challenging market environment on investment banking, equity markets and fixed income markets revenues, partially offset by higher revenues in lending and the Private Bank.

        Fixed income markets revenues decreased 4% excluding CVA/DVA. The results reflected year-over-year growth in rates and currencies, particularly in foreign exchange and local markets, which was more than offset by declines in credit and securitized products, resulting from a weaker market environment.

        Equity markets revenues decreased 29% excluding CVA/DVA, mainly due to lower levels of industry volumes, particularly in cash equities.

        Investment banking revenues decreased 21% from the prior-year period, as declines in debt and equity underwriting were partially offset by a small increase in advisory revenues. Debt and equity underwriting declines reflected decreased industry-wide activity levels, although Citi gained market share in both products year-to-date.

        Lending revenues increased 70% from the prior-year period. Approximately half of the revenue growth was from gains on hedges as credit spreads widened during the second quarter of 2012, compared to a loss in the prior-year period (see table below). Excluding the impact of these hedging gains, lending revenues increased 28%, primarily driven by higher volumes and improved spreads.

        Private Bank revenues increased 3% excluding CVA/DVA, driven primarily by growth in North America lending and deposits.

        Expenses decreased 8%, driven by efficiency savings from ongoing reengineering programs and lower compensation, partially offset by approximately $100 million of repositioning charges in the current quarter.

        Provisions decreased 2%, primarily due to lower net credit losses, partially offset by a smaller reserve release in the current quarter.

        In total, S&B's results for the second quarter of 2012 continued to reflect the ongoing market and macroeconomic uncertainty. This uncertainty was reflected in continued low levels of overall client activity. Citi believes that without meaningful signs of accelerating economic growth, or a credible resolution—as perceived by the market—to the ongoing European issues, this reduced activity is likely to persist into the third quarter of 2012.

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        Net income decreased 9% from the prior year-to-date period, primarily due to negative $1.2 billion of CVA/DVA in the first half of 2012. Excluding CVA/DVA, net income increased 14%, primarily driven by a decrease in expenses, as the increase in revenues period-over-period was mainly offset by higher provisions.

        Revenues decreased 7%, primarily due to a negative $1.2 billion of CVA/DVA in the first half of 2012. Excluding CVA/DVA, revenues increased 2%, reflecting higher revenues in fixed income markets, lending and the Private Bank, partially offset by lower revenues in equity markets and investment banking.

        Fixed income markets revenues increased 9% excluding CVA/DVA, reflecting strong client flows in rates and currencies, particularly in the first quarter of 2012, partially offset by lower results in credit and securitized products driven by a weaker market environment.

        Equity markets revenues decreased 23% excluding CVA/DVA, driven by lower industry volumes, particularly in cash equities in the first half of 2012.

        Investment banking revenues decreased 11% from the prior year-to-date period, reflecting reduced industry-wide deal volume due to market uncertainty.

        Lending revenues increased 8% due to an increase in revenues excluding hedging gains, partially offset by higher losses on credit default swap hedges (see table above). Excluding the impact of these hedging losses, lending revenues increased 26%, primarily driven by increased volumes in the Corporate loan portfolio.

        Private Bank revenues increased 7% excluding CVA/DVA, driven primarily by the growth in North America lending and deposits.

        Expenses decreased 5%, driven by efficiency savings from ongoing reengineering programs and lower compensation costs.

        Provisions increased by $244 million to a positive $117 million, primarily due to reserve builds in the first quarter of 2012 as a result of portfolio growth compared to releases in the prior-year period, partially offset by a specific recovery in the first quarter of 2012, which resulted in lower net credit losses for the first half of 2012.

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TRANSACTION SERVICES

        Transaction Services is composed of Treasury and Trade Solutions and Securities and Fund Services. Treasury and Trade Solutions provides comprehensive cash management and trade finance and services for corporations, financial institutions and public sector entities worldwide. Securities and Fund Services provides securities services to investors, such as global asset managers, custody and clearing services to intermediaries such as broker-dealers, and depository and agency/trust services to multinational corporations and governments globally. Revenue is generated from net interest revenue on deposits and trade loans as well as fees for transaction processing and fees on assets under custody and administration.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        Net income increased 6% year-over-year, reflecting growth in revenues as expenses were unchanged.

        Revenues grew 5% year-over-year as increased balances and higher fees more than offset lower market volumes. Treasury and Trade Solutions revenues increased 9%, driven by growth in trade as end of period trade loans grew over 50% and spreads widened. Cash management revenues also grew year-over-year, reflecting strong growth in deposit balances and fees offsetting spread compression given the continued low rate environment. Securities and Fund Services revenues decreased 6% year-over-year primarily driven by the impact of FX translation.

        Expenses were flat year-over-year, as incremental investment spending, was offset by efficiency savings.

        Average deposits and other customer liabilities grew 8% year-over-year driven by focused deposit building activities mostly in North America and persisting market demand for U.S. dollar deposits.

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        Year-to-date, Transaction Services has experienced similar trends to those described above. Net income increased 8% year-over-year primarily due to the growth in revenues period-over-period.

        Revenues grew 6% as the improvement in fees and increased loan and deposit balances more than offset continued spread compression. Treasury and Trade Solutions revenues increased 10%, driven primarily by the growth in trade and deposit balances. Securities and Fund Services revenues decreased 5%, driven by the lower market activity.

        Expenses increased 2% due primarily to continued investment spending and higher volumes, partially offset by efficiency savings.

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CITI HOLDINGS

        Citi Holdings contains businesses and portfolios of assets that Citigroup has determined are not central to its core Citicorp businesses. Citi Holdings consists of the following: Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending and Special Asset Pool.

        Consistent with its strategy, Citi intends to continue to exit these businesses and portfolios as quickly as practicable in an economically rational manner. To date, the decrease in Citi Holdings assets has been primarily driven by asset sales and business dispositions, as well as portfolio run-off and pay-downs. Asset levels have also been impacted, and will continue to be impacted, by charge-offs and revenue marks as and when appropriate.

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi Holdings' GAAP assets were approximately $191 billion, a decrease of approximately 28% year-over-year and a decrease of 9% from March 31, 2012. The decline in assets from the first quarter of 2012 was composed of approximately $11 billion of asset sales and business dispositions, $6 billion of run-off and pay-downs, and $1 billion of charge-offs and revenue marks. Citi Holdings represented approximately 10% of Citi's GAAP assets as of June 30, 2012, while Citi Holdings' risk-weighted assets (as defined under current regulatory guidelines) of approximately $172 billion at June 30, 2012 represented approximately 18% of Citi's risk-weighted assets as of such date.

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BROKERAGE AND ASSET MANAGEMENT

        Brokerage and Asset Management (BAM) primarily consists of Citi's investment in, and assets related to, the Morgan Stanley Smith Barney joint venture (MSSB JV). At June 30, 2012, BAM had approximately $21 billion of assets, or approximately 11% of Citi Holdings' assets, of which approximately $20 billion related to the MSSB JV. At June 30, 2012, the MSSB JV assets were composed of an approximately $11 billion equity investment, $6 billion of margin loans and $3 billion of other MSSB JV financing (consisting of approximately $2 billion of preferred stock and $1 billion of loans). The remaining assets in BAM consist primarily of other retail alternative investments.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        The net loss decreased by $76 million from the prior-year period to $25 million in the current quarter, driven by higher revenues from the MSSB JV and lower legal and related costs, offset by the absence of tax credits from the prior-year period.

        Revenues increased by $40 million year-over-year driven by higher revenues from the MSSB JV, partially offset by higher funding costs related to MSSB JV assets.

        Expenses decreased 45% year-over-year driven by lower legal and related costs.

        Provisions decreased by $8 million due to the absence of benefits and claims from the prior-year period.

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        The net loss increased by $49 million from the prior year-to-date period to $162 million, driven by the absence of foreign tax credits in Retail Alternative Investments and other tax benefits from the prior year-to-date period.

        Revenues decreased by $143 million driven by higher funding costs which were partially offset by higher revenue from the MSSB JV.

        Expenses decreased by 30% period-over-period, driven by lower legal and related costs and divestures.

        Provisions decreased by $17 million due to the absence of benefits and claims from the prior year-to-date period.

MSSB JV

        Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated May 31, 2009 (JV Agreement), of the MSSB JV, Morgan Stanley has the right to exercise options over time to purchase Citi's 49% interest in the MSSB JV. Generally, Morgan Stanley may exercise its options to purchase the remaining 49% interest of the MSSB JV from Citi in the following amounts and at the following times: (i) following the third anniversary of the closing of the MSSB JV (May 31, 2012), 14% of the total outstanding interest; (ii) following the fourth anniversary of the closing of the MSSB JV (May 31, 2013), an additional 15% of the remaining outstanding interest; and (iii) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the MSSB JV (May 31, 2014), the remaining outstanding interest in the MSSB JV.

        On June 1, 2012, Morgan Stanley exercised its initial option for the purchase from Citi of an additional 14% interest in the MSSB JV (14% Interest). As previously disclosed and as provided pursuant to the terms of the JV Agreement, the purchase price for the 14% Interest is to be determined pursuant to an appraisal process which included the exchange between Morgan Stanley and Citi of each respective firm's fair market valuation (as defined under the provisions of the JV Agreement) of the full MSSB JV, and if the two firms' valuations differ by more than 10%, a third party appraisal process.

        As announced on July 19, 2012, Citi and Morgan Stanley exchanged their respective fair market valuations for the full MSSB JV on July 16, 2012, as required pursuant to the JV Agreement. (For additional information, see Citi's Form 8-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19,

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2012.) Citi's fair market valuation of the full MSSB JV reflected a value for Citi's 49% interest in the MSSB JV that slightly exceeded Citi's carrying value of approximately $11 billion for that 49% interest as of June 30, 2012 (for additional information on Citi's carrying value of its equity investment in the MSSB JV as of June 30, 2012, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Morgan Stanley's valuation for the full MSSB JV reflected a value that was approximately 40% of Citi's fair market valuation for the full MSSB JV.

        Because the two firms were more than 10% apart, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV, and thus the purchase price for the 14% Interest, will be determined by a third party appraiser. Pursuant to the terms of the JV Agreement, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be determined as follows: (i) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the middle third of the range established by Citi and Morgan Stanley's valuations, the fair market valuation determined by the third party appraiser will be the valuation of the full MSSB JV; (ii) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the top third of the range, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be the average of the third party appraiser's value and Citi's valuation; and (iii) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the bottom third of the range, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be the average of the third party appraiser's value and Morgan Stanley's valuation. The third party appraisal process is to be concluded by August 30, 2012, with the closing of the sale of the 14% Interest to occur by September 7, 2012.

        Given the wide disparity between the two firms' valuations, as previously disclosed, depending on the ultimate fair market value determined by the third party appraisal, Citi could have a significant non-cash charge to its net income in the third quarter of 2012, representing other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of its 49% interest in the MSSB JV.

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LOCAL CONSUMER LENDING

        Local Consumer Lending (LCL) includes a substantial portion of Citigroup's North America mortgage business (see "North America Consumer Mortgage Lending" below), CitiFinancial North America (consisting of the OneMain and CitiFinancial Servicing businesses), remaining student loans and credit card portfolios, and other local consumer finance businesses globally (including Western European cards and retail banking and Japan Consumer Finance). At June 30, 2012, LCL consisted of approximately $138 billion of assets (with approximately $128 billion in North America), or approximately 72% of Citi Holdings assets, and thus represents the largest segment within Citi Holdings. The North America assets primarily consist of residential mortgages (residential first mortgages and home equity loans), which stood at $100 billion as of June 30, 2012.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        The net loss in LCL improved by 31% year-over-year, driven primarily by the improved credit environment in North America mortgages, lower volumes and divestitures.

        Revenues decreased 31%, driven primarily by a 36% net interest revenue decline due to lower loan balances. These reductions were driven by the continued asset sales, divestitures and run-off consistent with the overall Citi Holdings strategy. Non-interest revenue increased 15% from the prior-year period. This was primarily due to a lower repurchase reserve build ($148 million in the current quarter compared to $224 million in the second quarter of 2011) (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representations and Warranties" below) and the absence of asset sale losses in the prior-year period, partly offset by a write-down of the mortgage servicing rights asset (MSRs) in the current quarter due primarily to higher servicing costs (see "Managing Global Risk—Mortgage Servicing Rights" below).

        Expenses decreased 21% year-over-year, driven by lower volumes and divestitures as well as lower overall legal and related expenses. While expenses in LCL declined year-over-year, legal and related expenses remained elevated in the current quarter due to the independent review and borrower outreach process required by the Consent Orders entered into by Citi (and other large financial institutions) with the Federal Reserve and OCC in April 2011 (for additional information, see "Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending" in Citi's First Quarter 2012 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 4, 2012), additional reserving actions related to payment protection insurance (see "Payment Protection Insurance" below) and other legal and related matters impacting the business. The borrower outreach process has been further extended by the OCC from July 2012 to September 2012. Accordingly, Citi continues to believe its expenses relating to the independent review and borrower outreach process required under the Consent Orders will remain elevated during the remainder of 2012 and will also continue to be dependent on future changes, if any, in the size and scope of the process (e.g., borrower response rates).

        Provisions decreased 35% year-over-year, driven by lower net credit losses. Net credit losses decreased 34%, with net credit losses in North America mortgages decreasing by $214 million year-over-year, other portfolios in North America by $311 million and international by $132 million. The decrease in net credit losses was primarily driven by the lower overall asset levels as well as credit improvements. While Citi expects some continued improvement in credit going forward, declines in net credit losses in LCL will largely be driven by declines in asset levels, including continued sales of delinquent residential first mortgages (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—North America Consumer Mortgage Lending—North America Consumer Mortgage Quarterly Credit Trends" below). Net credit losses will also continue to be impacted by Citi's fulfillment of the terms of the National Mortgage Settlement (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—National Mortgage Settlement" below); however, Citi continues to believe that its loan loss reserves as of June 30, 2012 will be sufficient to cover these losses. Net credit losses and loan loss reserve releases relating to the National Mortgage Settlement during the second quarter of 2012 were not material.

        Average assets declined 25% from the prior-year period, driven by the impact of asset sales and portfolio run-off,

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including declines in North America mortgages ($16 billion) and international ($13 billion).

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        Year-to-date, LCL has experienced similar trends to those described above. The net loss improved by 34% driven by decreased credit costs due to lower asset levels and the improved credit environment.

        Revenues decreased 21%, driven by a net interest revenue decrease of 23% due to portfolio run-off and asset sales. Non-interest revenue decreased 14% due to the impact of divestitures and lower net servicing revenues in real estate lending, including the write-down of the MSRs in the second quarter of 2012.

        Expenses decreased 19%, driven by lower volumes and divestitures as well as lower legal and related expenses.

        Provisions decreased 32%, driven by lower net credit losses. Net credit losses decreased by 29%, with net credit losses in North America mortgages decreasing by $175 million year-over-year, other portfolios in North America by $775 million and international by $302 million. The decrease in net credit losses was primarily driven by the lower overall asset levels as well as credit improvements. North America mortgage net credit losses in the first quarter of 2012 included approximately $370 million of incremental charge-offs related to previously deferred principal balances on modified mortgages, substantially all of which were offset by a specific reserve release. These charge-offs were related to anticipated forgiveness of principal in connection with the national mortgage settlement (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—National Mortgage Settlement" below).

Payment Protection Insurance

        As previously disclosed, over the past several years Citi, along with other financial institutions in the UK, has been subject to an increased number of claims relating to the alleged mis-selling of payment protection insurance products (PPI) (for additional information, see "Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending—Payment Protection Insurance" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K). PPI is designed to cover a customer's loan repayments in the event of certain events, such as long-term illness or unemployment.

        The UK regulators, particularly the Financial Services Authority (FSA), have found certain problems across the industry with how these products were sold, including customers not realizing that the cost of PPI premiums was being added to their loan or PPI being unsuitable for the customer. Among other things, the FSA is requiring all firms engaged in the sale of PPI in the UK, including Citi, to proactively contact any customers who may have been mis-sold PPI after January 2005 and invite them to have their individual sale reviewed. While Citi remains subject to customer complaints for the alleged mis-selling of PPI prior to January 2005, it is not required to proactively contact such customers.

        Redress, whether as a result of customer complaints outside of the required FSA customer contact exercise or as a result of such exercise, generally involves the repayment of premiums and the refund of all applicable contractual interest together with compensatory interest of 8%. Citi estimates that the number of PPI policies sold after January 2005 (across all applicable Citi businesses in the UK) was approximately 417,000, for which premiums totaling approximately $490 million were collected.

        During the second quarter of 2012, Citi increased its reserves relating to potential PPI refunds by $76 million (all of which was recorded in LCL). The increase in the reserves during the quarter was due to the continued elevated level of customer complaints. Citi has not yet commenced the required FSA customer contact exercise; it currently expects to begin this process in August 2012. Citi believes the trend in the number of PPI claims, the potential amount of refunds and the impact on Citi remains volatile and is subject to significant uncertainty and lack of predictability, particularly with respect to the potential customer response to any direct customer contact exercise.

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SPECIAL ASSET POOL

        Special Asset Pool (SAP) had approximately $32 billion of assets as of June 30, 2012, which constituted approximately 17% of Citi Holdings assets as of such date. SAP consists of a portfolio of securities, loans and other assets that Citigroup intends to continue to reduce over time through asset sales and portfolio run-off.

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        Net income decreased $703 million year-over-year, mainly driven by a decline in revenues and lower loan loss reserve releases, partially offset by lower net credit losses and lower expenses.

        Revenues decreased by $1.1 billion from the prior-year period, driven by a decline in non-interest revenue of $1.2 billion. The decrease in non-interest revenue was primarily driven by the absence of the significant gains from the sale of reclassified held-to-maturity securities and other assets as well as lower positive private equity marks, each in the prior-year period. Citi also recorded a repurchase reserve build of $85 million in the current quarter relating to private-label mortgage securitizations (see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representations and Warranties" below). The loss in net interest revenue improved from the prior-year period but remained negative, as interest earning assets continued to represent a smaller portion of the overall asset pool.

        Expenses decreased 31%, driven by lower volume and asset levels, as well as lower legal and related costs.

        Provisions increased 76% year-over-year as a decrease in loan loss reserve releases ($64 million in the current quarter compared to a release of $391 million in the prior-year period) was partially offset by a $179 million decrease in net credit losses.

        Assets declined 40% year-over-year, primarily driven by sales, amortization and prepayments.

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        The trends in SAP year-to-date have been similar to those described above. Net income decreased $961 million year-over-year, driven by the decline in revenues and lower loan loss reserve releases, offset by the lower net credit losses and expenses.

        Revenues decreased $1.5 billion from the prior-year period driven by a non-interest revenue decline of $1.4 billion. The decrease in non-interest revenue was driven by the lower gains on asset sales and the lower positive private equity marks, as well as an aggregate repurchase reserve build in the first half of 2012 of $235 million related to private-label mortgage securitizations. The decrease in net interest revenue was driven by the continued decline in interest-earning assets.

        Expenses decreased 27%, driven by lower volume and asset levels, as well as lower legal and related costs.

        Provisions increased 76% year-over-year as a decrease in loan loss reserve releases ($93 million in the current year-to-date period compared to a release of $1.4 billion in the prior year-to-date period) was partially offset by an $867 million decrease in net credit losses.

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CORPORATE/OTHER

        Corporate/Other includes unallocated global staff functions (including finance, risk, human resources, legal and compliance), other corporate expense and unallocated global operations and technology expenses, Corporate Treasury and Corporate items and discontinued operations. At June 30, 2012, this segment had approximately $289 billion of assets, or 15% of Citigroup's total assets, consisting primarily of Citi's liquidity portfolio (approximately $101 billion of cash and cash equivalents and $135 billion of liquid available-for-sale securities, each as of June 30, 2012).

2Q12 vs. 2Q11

        The net loss of $437 million declined by $374 million year-over-year, primarily due to a decrease in revenues that was partially offset by a decrease in expenses as well as the absence of a net gain of $71 million on the sale of the Egg Banking PLC (Egg) credit card business recorded in discontinued operations in the prior-year period.

        Revenues decreased $527 million year-over-year, primarily driven by the net pretax loss of $424 million from the partial sale of Akbank in the second quarter of 2012 and the absence of the gain of $199 million from the partial sale of Housing Development Finance Corporation Ltd. (HDFC) in the second quarter of 2011.

        Expenses decreased by $16 million, largely driven by lower legal and related costs.

2Q12 YTD vs. 2Q11 YTD

        The net loss of $817 million declined by $316 million period-over-period, primarily due to an increase in expenses as well as the absence of a net gain of $111 million on the sale of the Egg credit card business recorded in discontinued operations in the prior year-to-date period that was partially offset by an increase in revenues.

        Revenues increased $33 million period-over-period. Higher gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities more than offset the net decrease of $146 million from lower gains from the sale of minority interests (in addition to the loss on the partial sale of Akbank ($1.5 billion) in the first six months of 2012 and the gain on the sale of the partial sale of HDFC in the second quarter of 2011, Citi recorded a pretax gain on the sale of its remaining interest in HDFC of $1.1 billion and a pretax gain of $542 million on its sale of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, each in the first quarter of 2012).

        Expenses increased by $132 million, largely driven by investment spending and higher repositioning charges.

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BALANCE SHEET REVIEW

        The following sets forth a general discussion of the sequential changes (unless otherwise noted) in certain of the more significant line items of Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet. For additional information on Citigroup's aggregate liquidity resources, including its deposits, short-term and long-term debt and secured financing transactions, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below.

ASSETS

Cash and Deposits with Banks

        Cash and deposits with banks is composed of both Cash and due from banks and Deposits with banks. Cash and due from banks includes (i) cash on hand at Citi's domestic and overseas offices, and (ii) non-interest-bearing balances due from banks, including non-interest-bearing demand deposit accounts with correspondent banks, central banks (such as the Federal Reserve Bank), and other banks or depository institutions for normal operating purposes. Deposits with banks includes interest-bearing balances, demand deposits and time deposits held in or due from banks (including correspondent banks, central banks and other banks or depository institutions) maintained for, among other things, normal operating and regulatory reserve requirement purposes.

        During the second quarter of 2012, Citi's cash and deposits with banks decreased 10% as compared to the prior quarter, driven by a $23 billion reduction of outstanding long-term debt, offset by an increase in cash resulting from Citi's normal operations as well as the purchase of investment securities.

Federal Funds Sold and Securities Borrowed or Purchased Under Agreements to Resell (Reverse Repos)

        Federal funds sold consist of unsecured advances of excess balances in reserve accounts held at the Federal Reserve Banks to third parties. During the second quarter of 2012, changes to Citi's federal funds sold were not significant.

        Reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowing balances decreased by 6% as compared to the first quarter of 2012. The majority of this decrease was driven by a reduction in trading positions in certain overseas businesses as well as the impact of FX translation.

Trading Account Assets

        Trading account assets include debt and marketable equity securities, derivatives in a net receivable position, residual interests in securitizations and physical commodities inventory. In addition, certain assets that Citigroup has elected to carry at fair value, such as certain loans and purchase guarantees, are also included in trading account assets.

        Trading account assets increased 1% quarter-over-quarter, primarily due to an increase in U.S. government and agency and foreign government securities ($7 billion, or 7%), in addition to an increase in derivative assets ($4 billion, or 7%), partially offset by decreases in corporate bonds (down $5 billion, or 12%) and equity securities (down $4 billion, or 8%). Excluding net revaluation gains, trading account assets were $249 billion at the end of the second quarter of 2012, compared to $250 billion at the end of the first quarter of 2012. The increase in trading account assets quarter-over-quarter reflected continued growth in customer activity, partially offset by the impact of FX translation.

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        Average trading account assets were $251 billion in the second quarter of 2012, compared to $247 billion in the first quarter of 2012.

        For further information on Citi's trading account assets, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Investments

        Investments consist of debt and equity securities that are available-for-sale, debt securities that are held-to-maturity, non-marketable equity securities that are carried at fair value, and non-marketable equity securities carried at cost. Debt securities include bonds, notes and redeemable preferred stock, as well as certain mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities and other structured notes. Marketable and non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value include common and nonredeemable preferred stock. Non-marketable equity securities carried at cost primarily include equity shares issued by the Federal Reserve Bank and the Federal Home Loan Banks that Citigroup is required to hold.

        During the second quarter of 2012, Citi's investments increased by 3%, primarily due to a $7 billion, or 3%, increase in available-for-sale securities (predominantly foreign government securities and state and municipal securities).

        Additionally, held-to-maturity securities increased $1 billion, or 12%, during the second quarter of 2012. The increase in held-to-maturity securities included the purchase of approximately $3 billion of Mexican government bonds (via Citi's Banamex entity), which management has the positive intent and ability to hold until maturity.

        For further information regarding investments, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loans

        Loans represent the largest asset category of Citi's balance sheet. Citi's total loans (as discussed throughout this section, net of unearned income) were $655 billion at June 30, 2012, compared to $648 billion at March 31, 2012 and $648 billion at June 30, 2011. Excluding the impact of FX translation in all periods, loans increased 2% versus the prior quarter, as growth in Citicorp outpaced the continued loan declines in Citi Holdings. At June 30, 2012, Consumer and Corporate loans represented 62% and 38%, respectively, of Citi's total loans.

        In Citicorp, loans have increased for eight consecutive quarters. On a sequential basis, Corporate loans increased by 6%, while Citicorp Consumer loans decreased 1%. The Corporate loan growth quarter-over-quarter was driven by Transaction Services (11% growth), particularly from increased trade finance lending in all regions combined with higher client overdraft activity. Consumer loans decreased quarter-over-quarter due to the impact of FX translation. Excluding the impact of FX translation, Citicorp Consumer loans grew by $2 billion, or 1%, sequentially, due to retail loan growth in Latin America.

        Year-over-year, Citicorp loans were up 10% to $527 billion as of June 30, 2012, including 2% growth in Consumer loans (5%, excluding the impact of FX translation) and 22% growth in Corporate loans (24%, excluding the impact of FX translation). The year-over-year growth in Consumer loans was primarily driven by international Global Consumer Banking, which increased 2% (10%, excluding the impact of FX translation), led by Latin America and Asia. Citi believes this growth reflected the continued economic growth in these regions, as well as its investment spending in these areas, which drove growth in both cards and retail banking loans, excluding the impact of FX translation. North America Consumer loans increased 2% year-over-year, driven by retail banking loans as the cards market continued to reflect both consumer deleveraging as well as CARD Act and other regulatory changes.

        The increase in Corporate loan growth year-over-year was due to growth in both Transaction Services (up 44% year-over-year), primarily from increased trade finance lending in Asia, Latin America and EMEA, as well as growth in the Corporate loan portfolio within Securities and Banking (up 14% year-over-year), with increased borrowing across all client segments in most regions.

        In contrast, Citi Holdings loans declined 4% quarter-over-quarter and 24% as compared to the prior-year period, due to the continued run-off and asset sales in the portfolios.

        During the second quarter of 2012, average loans of $646 billion yielded an average rate of 7.5%, compared to $647 billion and 7.8% in the first quarter of 2012 and $646 billion and 7.9% in the second quarter of 2011.

        For further information on Citi's loan portfolios, see generally "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk" below and Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Assets

        Other assets consist of brokerage receivables, goodwill, intangibles and mortgage servicing rights in addition to other assets (including, among other items, loans held-for-sale, deferred tax assets, equity-method investments, interest and fees receivable, premises and equipment, certain end-user derivatives in a net receivable position, repossessed assets and other receivables).

        During the second quarter of 2012, other assets decreased $11 billion, or 5%, compared to the first quarter of 2012, primarily due to the sale of the Citi Holdings Belgium business in the current quarter (approximately $3 billion) and lower brokerage receivables due to the partial transfer of approximately $5 billion of customer margin loans to the MSSB JV in the quarter.

        For further information regarding goodwill and intangible assets, see Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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LIABILITIES

Deposits

        Deposits represent customer funds that are payable on demand or upon maturity. For a discussion of Citi's deposits, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below.

Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Loaned or Sold Under Agreements To Repurchase (Repos)

        Federal funds purchased consist of unsecured advances of excess balances in reserve accounts held at the Federal Reserve Banks from third parties. During the second quarter of 2012, changes to Citi's federal funds purchased were not significant.

        For further information on Citi's secured financing transactions, including repos and securities lending transactions, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below.

Trading Account Liabilities

        Trading account liabilities include securities sold, not yet purchased (short positions) and derivatives in a net payable position, as well as certain liabilities that Citigroup has elected to carry at fair value.

        During the second quarter of 2012, trading account liabilities decreased 5%, driven by lower securities sold, not yet purchased, which was partially offset by higher derivative liabilities. In the second quarter of 2012, average trading account liabilities were $82 billion, compared to $77 billion in the first quarter of 2012.

        For further information on Citi's trading account liabilities, see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Debt

        Debt is composed of both short-term and long-term borrowings. Long-term borrowings include senior notes, subordinated notes, trust preferred securities and securitizations. Short-term borrowings include commercial paper and borrowings from unaffiliated banks and other market participants.

        For further information on Citi's long-term and short-term debt, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" below and Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Liabilities

        Other liabilities consist of brokerage payables and other liabilities (including, among other items, accrued expenses and other payables, deferred tax liabilities, certain end-user derivatives in a net payable position, and reserves for legal claims, taxes, restructuring, unfunded lending commitments, and other matters). During the second quarter of 2012, other liabilities remained flat in comparison to the prior quarter.

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SEGMENT BALANCE SHEET AT JUNE 30, 2012(1)

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CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Overview

        Capital is used primarily to support assets in Citi's businesses and to absorb market, credit or operational losses. Citi primarily generates capital through earnings from its operating businesses. Citi may augment its capital through issuances of common stock, perpetual preferred stock and equity issued through awards under employee benefit plans, among other issuances. Citi has also augmented its regulatory capital through the issuance of debt underlying trust preferred securities, although the treatment of such instruments as regulatory capital will be phased out under Basel III and The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (see "Regulatory Capital Standards" below).

        Further, changes in regulatory and accounting standards as well as the impact of future events on Citi's business results, such as corporate and asset dispositions, may also affect Citi's capital levels. As announced on July 19, 2012, any potential non-cash charge relating to the recognition of other-than-temporary impairment of Citi's 49% interest in the MSSB JV during the third quarter of 2012 (for additional information, see "Citi Holdings—Brokerage and Asset Management" above) would impact Citi's reported tangible book value and equity (each based on the after-tax amount of any impairment) as well as its current regulatory capital ratios (based on the pretax amount of any impairment). For Basel III purposes, Citi's interest in the MSSB JV is not included in capital, and thus any impairment would not impact Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio. The minimum payment to Citi by Morgan Stanley for the additional 14% interest in the MSSB JV Morgan Stanley elected to purchase on June 1, 2012 (as would be established by Morgan Stanley's valuation) would add more than 10 basis points to Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio.

        For additional information on Citi's capital resources, including an overview of Citigroup's capital management framework and regulatory capital standards and developments, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Capital Resources" and "Risk Factors—Regulatory Risks" in Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also "Regulatory Capital Standards" below.

Capital Ratios

        Citigroup is subject to the risk-based capital guidelines (currently Basel I) issued by the Federal Reserve Board. Historically, capital adequacy has been measured, in part, based on two risk-based capital ratios, the Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital (Tier 1 Capital + Tier 2 Capital) ratios. Tier 1 Capital consists of the sum of "core capital elements," such as qualifying common stockholders' equity, as adjusted, qualifying noncontrolling interests, and qualifying trust preferred securities, principally reduced by goodwill, other disallowed intangible assets, and disallowed deferred tax assets. Total Capital also includes "supplementary" Tier 2 Capital elements, such as qualifying subordinated debt and a limited portion of the allowance for credit losses. Both measures of capital adequacy are stated as a percentage of risk-weighted assets.

        In 2009, the U.S. banking regulators developed a new measure of capital termed "Tier 1 Common," which is defined as Tier 1 Capital less non-common elements, including qualifying perpetual preferred stock, qualifying noncontrolling interests, and qualifying trust preferred securities. For more detail on all of these capital metrics, see "Components of Capital Under Current Regulatory Guidelines" below.

        Citigroup's risk-weighted assets, as currently computed under Basel I, are principally derived from application of the risk-based capital guidelines related to the measurement of credit risk. Pursuant to these guidelines, on-balance-sheet assets and the credit equivalent amount of certain off-balance-sheet exposures (such as financial guarantees, unfunded lending commitments, letters of credit and derivatives) are assigned to one of several prescribed risk-weight categories based upon the perceived credit risk associated with the obligor or, if relevant, the guarantor, the nature of the collateral, or external credit ratings. Risk-weighted assets also incorporate a measure for market risk on covered trading account positions and all foreign exchange and commodity positions whether or not carried in the trading account. Excluded from risk-weighted assets are any assets, such as goodwill and deferred tax assets, to the extent required to be deducted from regulatory capital. See "Components of Capital Under Current Regulatory Guidelines" below.

        Citigroup is also subject to a Leverage ratio requirement, a non-risk-based measure of capital adequacy, which is defined as Tier 1 Capital as a percentage of quarterly adjusted average total assets.

        To be "well capitalized" under current federal bank regulatory agency definitions, a bank holding company must have a Tier 1 Capital ratio of at least 6%, a Total Capital ratio of at least 10%, and not be subject to a Federal Reserve Board directive to maintain higher capital levels. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board expects bank holding companies to maintain a minimum Leverage ratio of 3% or 4%, depending on factors specified in its regulations. The following table sets forth Citigroup's regulatory capital ratios as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Citigroup Regulatory Capital Ratios

        As indicated in the table above, Citigroup was "well capitalized" under the current federal bank regulatory agency definitions as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

        In June 2012 the U.S. banking agencies released proposed Basel III rules and final market risk capital rules (Basel II.5). As described in more detail under "Regulatory Capital Standards" below, these proposed and final rules are broadly consistent with those reflected in the Basel Committee's final rules, with the exceptions discussed below.

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        As of June 30, 2012, Citi's estimated Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio was 7.9%, compared with an estimated 7.2% as of March 31, 2012 (each based on total risk-weighted assets calculated under the proposed U.S. "advanced approaches," including the final U.S. market risk capital rules). These Basel III Tier 1 Common ratio estimates are based on Citi's interpretation, expectations and understanding of the respective Basel III requirements, and are necessarily subject to final regulatory clarity and rulemaking, model calibration and other implementation guidance in the U.S.

Components of Capital Under Current Regulatory Guidelines

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Common Stockholders' Equity

        Citigroup's common stockholders' equity increased during the six months ended June 30, 2012 by $6.1 billion to $183.6 billion, and represented 10% of total assets as of June 30, 2012. The table below summarizes the change in Citigroup's common stockholders' equity during the first six months of 2012:

Tangible Common Equity and Tangible Book Value Per Share

        Tangible common equity (TCE), as defined by Citigroup, represents common equity less goodwill, intangible assets (other than mortgage servicing rights (MSRs)), and related net deferred tax assets. Other companies may calculate TCE in a manner different from that of Citigroup. Citi's TCE was $151.9 billion at June 30, 2012 and $145.4 billion at December 31, 2011. The TCE ratio (TCE divided by risk-weighted assets) was 15.5% at June 30, 2012 and 14.9% at December 31, 2011.

        TCE and tangible book value per share, as well as related ratios, are capital adequacy metrics used and relied upon by investors and industry analysts; however, they are non-GAAP financial measures for SEC purposes. A reconciliation of Citigroup's total stockholders' equity to TCE, and book value per share to tangible book value per share, as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, follows:

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Capital Resources of Citigroup's U.S. Depository

Institutions

        Citigroup's subsidiary U.S. depository institutions are also subject to risk-based capital guidelines issued by their respective primary federal bank regulatory agencies, which are similar to the guidelines of the Federal Reserve Board.

        The following table sets forth the capital tiers and capital ratios of Citibank, N.A., Citi's primary subsidiary U.S. depository institution, as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Citibank, N.A. Capital Tiers and Capital Ratios Under Current Regulatory Guidelines

Impact of Changes on Capital Ratios

        The following table presents the estimated sensitivity of Citigroup's and Citibank, N.A.'s capital ratios to changes of $100 million in Tier 1 Common Capital, Tier 1 Capital or Total Capital (numerator), or changes of $1 billion in risk-weighted assets or adjusted average total assets (denominator), as of June 30, 2012. This information is provided for the purpose of analyzing the impact that a change in Citigroup's or Citibank, N.A.'s financial position or results of operations could have on these ratios. These sensitivities only consider a single change to either a component of capital, risk-weighted assets or adjusted average total assets. Accordingly, an event that affects more than one factor may have a larger basis point impact than is reflected in this table.

Broker-Dealer Subsidiaries

        At June 30, 2012, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., a U.S. broker-dealer registered with the SEC that is an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup, had net capital, computed in accordance with the SEC's net capital rule, of $7.1 billion, which exceeded the minimum requirement by $6.4 billion.

        In addition, certain of Citi's other broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to regulation in the countries in which they do business, including requirements to maintain specified levels of net capital or its equivalent. Citigroup's other broker-dealer subsidiaries were in compliance with their capital requirements at June 30, 2012.

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Regulatory Capital Standards

        In June 2012, the U.S. banking agencies released proposed Basel III rules and final market risk capital rules (Basel II.5), which would collectively establish an integrated framework of standards applicable to virtually all U.S. banking organizations, including Citi and Citibank, N.A., and which upon implementation would comprehensively revise existing regulatory capital requirements.

        Basel II.5    The final market risk capital rules adopted by the U.S. banking agencies substantially reflect revisions to the market risk capital framework previously approved by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (Basel Committee). Further, the Basel II.5 rules comply with the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, which require that all federal agencies remove references to, and reliance on, credit ratings in their regulations, and replace these references with alternative standards for evaluating creditworthiness. In this regard, the U.S. banking agencies provided for alternative methodologies to external credit ratings that are to be employed in assessing capital requirements on certain debt and securitization positions subject to the market risk capital rules.

        While Citi continues to review these final rules, which become effective January 1, 2013, it is clear that Citi's risk-weighted assets under the final market risk capital rules will significantly increase from those arising from application of the current Basel I rules. Citi estimates that its reported Tier 1 Common ratio as of June 30, 2012, assuming application of the final Basel II.5 rules, would have been approximately 11.32%, constituting a decline of 139 bps.

        Basel III    The U.S. version of the Basel III rules is set forth in three notices of proposed rulemaking (NPRs): the "Basel III NPR," the "Standardized Approach NPR" and the "Advanced Approaches NPR." With the exception of the new "Standardized Approach" to be employed by substantially all U.S. banking organizations in deriving credit risk-weighted assets and the required alternatives to the use of external credit ratings in arriving at applicable risk weights for certain exposures as referenced above, the NPRs are largely consistent with the Basel Committee's Basel III rules. Timing as to the finalization and effective date(s) for the U.S. Basel III rules are subject to substantial uncertainty.

Basel III NPR

        The Basel III NPR, as with the Basel Committee Basel III rules, is principally intended to raise the quantity and quality of regulatory capital by formally introducing not only Tier 1 Common Capital and mandating that it be the predominant form of regulatory capital, but by also narrowing the definition of qualifying capital elements at all three regulatory capital tiers, as well as including the imposition of broader and more constraining regulatory adjustments and deductions. Moreover, the Basel III NPR would implement the "capital floor" provision of the so-called "Collins Amendment" of the Dodd-Frank Act. This provision would require "Advanced Approaches" banking organizations (generally those with consolidated total assets of at least $250 billion or consolidated total on-balance sheet foreign exposures of at least $10 billion), which includes Citi and Citibank, N.A., to calculate each of the three risk-based capital ratios (Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital and Total Capital) under both the "Standardized Approach" and the "Advanced Approaches" and report the lower of each of the resulting capital ratios. The principal differences between the two approaches are in the composition and derivation of total risk-weighted assets, as well as in the definition of Total Capital. Compliance with the proposed Basel III stated minimum Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital, and Total Capital ratio requirements of 4.5%, 6%, and 8%, respectively, would be assessed based upon each of the reported ratios.

        Additionally, the Basel III NPR establishes a 2.5% Capital Conservation Buffer applicable to substantially all U.S. banking organizations and, for Advanced Approaches banking organizations, a potential Countercyclical Capital Buffer of up to 2.5%. The Countercyclical Capital Buffer would be invoked upon a determination by the U.S. banking agencies that the market is experiencing excessive aggregate credit growth, and would be an extension of the Capital Conservation Buffer (i.e., an aggregate combined buffer of potentially between 2.5% and 5%). Citi would be subject to both the Capital Conservation Buffer and, if invoked, the Countercyclical Capital Buffer. Consistent with the Basel Committee Basel III rules, both of these buffers would be required to be comprised entirely of Tier 1 Common Capital. The calculation of the Capital Conservation Buffer for Advanced Approaches banking organizations, including Citi, would be based on a comparison of each of the three risk-based capital ratios as calculated under the Advanced Approaches and the stated minimum required ratios for each (i.e., 4.5% Tier 1 Common, 6% Tier 1 Capital, and 8% Total Capital), with the reportable Capital Conservation Buffer being the smallest of the three differences. If a banking organization failed to comply with the proposed buffers, it would subject the organization to increasingly onerous restrictions (depending upon the extent of the shortfall) regarding capital distributions and discretionary executive bonus payments. The buffers are proposed to be phased in from January 1, 2016 through January 1, 2019.

        Unlike the Basel Committee's final rules for global systemically important banks (G-SIBs), the Basel III NPR does not include measures for G-SIBs, such as those addressing the methodology for assessing global systemic importance, the imposition of additional Tier 1 Common capital surcharges, and the phase-in period regarding these requirements. The Federal Reserve Board is required by the Dodd-Frank Act to issue rules regarding the establishment of a quantitative risk-based capital surcharge for those financial institutions deemed to be systemically important and posing risk to market-wide financial stability, such as Citi, the provisions of which are intended to be consistent with the Basel Committee's final G-SIB rules. Accordingly, the extent of an initial additional capital surcharge expected to ultimately be imposed on Citi is currently uncertain.

        The Basel III NPR, consistent with the Basel Committee's Basel III rules, provides that certain capital instruments, such as trust preferred securities, would no longer qualify as non-common components of Tier 1 Capital. Furthermore, the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act generally requires a phase-out of these securities over a three-year period commencing on January 1, 2013 for bank holding companies that had $15 billion or more in total consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009, which includes Citi. Accordingly, the U.S. banking agencies have proposed that trust preferred securities and other non-qualifying Tier 1 Capital instruments be phased out by these bank holding companies, including Citi, at a 25% per year incremental phase-out beginning on January 1, 2013

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(i.e., 75% of these capital instruments would be includable in Tier 1 Capital on January 1, 2013, 50% on January 1, 2014, and 25% on January 1, 2015), with a full phase-out of these capital instruments by January 1, 2016. For additional information on Citi's outstanding trust preferred securities, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        Under the Basel III NPR, Advanced Approaches banking organizations would also be required to calculate two leverage ratios. The first, a "Tier 1" Leverage ratio, would be a modified version of the current U.S. leverage ratio and would reflect the more restrictive proposed Basel III definition of Tier 1 Capital in the numerator, but with the same current denominator consisting of average total on-balance sheet assets less amounts deducted from Tier 1 Capital. Citi, as with substantially all U.S. banking organizations, would be required to maintain a minimum Tier 1 Leverage ratio of 4%. The second, a "Supplementary" Leverage ratio, would significantly differ from the Tier 1 Leverage ratio with regard to the inclusion of certain off-balance sheet exposures within the denominator of the ratio. Advanced Approaches banking organizations, such as Citi, would be required to maintain a minimum Supplementary Leverage ratio of 3%, for which reporting would commence on January 1, 2015.

        The Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) requirements contained in the Federal Deposit Insurance Act direct the U.S. banking agencies to enforce increasingly strict limitations on the activities of insured depository institutions that fail to meet certain regulatory capital thresholds. The PCA framework contains five categories of capital adequacy as measured by risk-based capital and leverage ratios: "well capitalized," "adequately capitalized," "undercapitalized," "significantly undercapitalized," and "critically undercapitalized." Amongst other matters, the U.S. banking agencies are proposing to revise the PCA regulations to accommodate a new minimum Tier 1 Common ratio requirement for substantially all categories (other than critically undercapitalized), increase the minimum Tier 1 Capital ratio requirement at each category, and introduce for Advanced Approaches insured depository institutions the Supplementary Leverage ratio as a metric, but only for the "adequately capitalized" and "undercapitalized" categories. These revisions would be effective on January 1, 2015, with the exception of the Supplementary Leverage ratio for Advanced Approaches insured depository institutions for which January 1, 2018 would be the effective date. Commencing January 1, 2015, an insured depository institution, such as Citibank, N.A., would therefore need minimum Tier 1 Common, Tier 1 Capital, Total Capital, and Tier 1 Leverage ratios of 6.5% (a new requirement), 8% (a 2% increase over the current requirement), 10%, and 5%, respectively, to be considered "well capitalized."

Standardized Approach NPR

        The Standardized Approach NPR would be applicable to substantially all U.S. banking organizations, including Citi and Citibank, N.A., and when effective would replace the existing Basel I rules governing the derivation of risk-weighted assets for credit risk. As proposed, this approach would modify the existing Basel II standardized approach by incorporating heightened risk sensitivity through revisions to the calculation of risk-weighted assets for certain on-balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet exposures, including corporate and securitization exposures, residential mortgages and counterparty credit risk on derivative contracts, as compared to Basel I. Total risk-weighted assets under the Standardized Approach would exclude risk-weighted assets arising from operational risk, require more limited approaches in measuring risk-weighted assets for securitization exposures under the final market risk capital rules, and apply the standardized risk-weights to arrive at credit risk-weighted assets. Similar to the final market risk capital rules and the Advanced Approaches, the Standardized Approach proposes to rely on alternatives to external credit ratings in the treatment of certain exposures, as required by the Dodd-Frank Act. The proposed effective date for implementation of the Standardized Approach is January 1, 2015, with an option for U.S. banking organizations to early adopt.

Advanced Approaches NPR

        The Advanced Approaches NPR incorporates published revisions to the Basel Committee's Advanced Approaches calculation of risk-weighted assets as proposed amendments to the U.S. Basel II capital guidelines. Total risk-weighted assets under the Advanced Approaches would include not only market risk equivalent risk-weighted assets as determined under the final market risk capital rules (Basel II.5), but also the results of applying the Advanced Approaches in calculating credit and operational risk-weighted assets. Similar to the final market risk capital rules and the Standardized Approach, the Advanced Approaches NPR also proposes to remove references to, and reliance on, external credit ratings for various types of exposures. Primary amongst these proposed Basel II modifications are those related to certain aspects regarding the treatment of counterparty credit risk, as well as substantial revisions to the securitization exposure framework.

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FUNDING AND LIQUIDITY

Overview

        Citi's funding and liquidity objectives generally are to maintain liquidity to fund its existing asset base as well as grow its core businesses in Citicorp, while at the same time maintain sufficient excess liquidity, structured appropriately, so that it can operate under a wide variety of market conditions, including market disruptions for both short- and long-term periods. Citigroup's primary liquidity objectives are established by entity, and in aggregate, across three major categories:

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the non-bank, which is largely composed of the parent holding company (Citigroup) and Citi's broker-dealer subsidiaries (collectively referred to in this section as "non-bank");



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Citi's significant Citibank entities, which are comprised of Citibank, N.A. units domiciled in the U.S., Western Europe, Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore (collectively referred to in this section as "significant Citibank entities"); and



•

other Citibank and Banamex entities.

        At an aggregate level, Citigroup's goal is to ensure that there is sufficient funding in amount and tenor to ensure that aggregate liquidity resources are available for these entities. The liquidity framework requires that entities be self-sufficient or net providers of liquidity, including in conditions established under their designated stress tests, and have excess cash capital.

        Citi's primary sources of funding include (i) deposits via Citi's bank subsidiaries, which continue to be Citi's most stable and lowest cost source of long-term funding, (ii) long-term debt (primarily senior and subordinated debt) issued at the non-bank level and certain bank subsidiaries, and (iii) stockholders' equity. These sources are supplemented by short-term borrowings, primarily in the form of secured financing transactions (securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, or repos), and commercial paper at the non-bank level.

        As referenced above, Citigroup works to ensure that the structural tenor of these funding sources is sufficiently long in relation to the tenor of its asset base. The key goal of Citi's asset/liability management is to ensure that there is excess tenor in the liability structure so as to provide excess liquidity to fund the assets. The excess liquidity resulting from a longer-term tenor profile can effectively offset potential decreases in liquidity that may occur under stress. This excess funding is held in the form of aggregate liquidity resources, as described below.

Aggregate Liquidity Resources

        As set forth in the table above, Citigroup's aggregate liquidity resources totaled $412.2 billion at June 30, 2012. All amounts in the table above are as of period-end and may increase or decrease intra-period in the ordinary course of business. During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, the intra-quarter amounts did not fluctuate materially from the quarter-end amounts noted above.

        At June 30, 2012, Citigroup's non-bank aggregate liquidity resources totaled $93.2 billion, compared with $96.2 billion at June 30, 2011. This amount included unencumbered liquid securities and cash held in Citi's U.S. and non-U.S. broker-dealer entities. Citi seeks to optimize its excess liquidity resources across legal entities. As part of this strategy, during the second quarter of 2012 certain securities were sold by the non-bank to the significant Citibank entities (at fair market value), the impact of which was to increase cash and decrease securities in the non-bank, and decrease cash and increase securities in the significant Citibank entities.

        Citigroup's significant Citibank entities had approximately $221.4 billion of aggregate liquidity resources as of June 30, 2012, compared to $233.4 billion at June 30, 2011. This amount included $53.0 billion of cash on deposit with major central banks (including the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, European Central Bank, Bank of England, Swiss National Bank, Bank of Japan, the Monetary Authority of Singapore and the Hong Kong Monetary Authority), compared with $71.0 billion at June 30, 2011. The significant Citibank entities' liquidity resources also included unencumbered liquid securities. These securities are available-for-sale or secured financing through private markets or by pledging to the major central banks. The liquidity value of these securities was $168.4 billion at June 30, 2012 (which included the intra-company sale of securities referenced above), compared with $162.4 billion at June 30, 2011. The decrease in aggregate liquidity resources of Citi's significant Citibank entities year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter was primarily due to the paying down of long-term debt, including Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP) debt and credit card securitizations.

        Citi estimates that its other Citibank and Banamex entities and subsidiaries held approximately $97.6 billion in aggregate liquidity resources as of June 30, 2012, including $14.0 billion of cash on deposit with central banks and $83.5 billion of unencumbered liquid securities.

        Citi's $412.2 billion of aggregate liquidity resources as of June 30, 2012 shown in the table above does not include additional potential liquidity in the form of Citigroup's borrowing capacity from the various Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB), which was approximately $22 billion as of June 30, 2012 and is maintained by pledged collateral to all such banks. The aggregate liquidity resources shown above also do not

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include Citi's borrowing capacity at the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank discount window or international central banks, which capacity would also be in addition to the resources noted above.

        Moreover, in general, Citigroup can freely fund legal entities within its bank vehicles. Citigroup's bank subsidiaries, including Citibank, N.A., can lend to the Citigroup parent and broker-dealer entities in accordance with Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act. As of June 30, 2012, the amount available for lending to these non-bank entities under Section 23A was approximately $19 billion, provided the funds are collateralized appropriately.

        Overall, subject to market conditions, Citi expects to continue to manage down its aggregate liquidity resources modestly, as it continues to pay down its outstanding long-term debt (see "Long-Term Debt" below).

Aggregate Liquidity Resources—By Type

        The following table shows the composition of Citi's aggregate liquidity resources by type of asset for each of the periods indicated. For securities, the amounts represent the liquidity value that could potentially be realized, and thus exclude any securities that are encumbered, as well as the haircuts that would be required for secured financing transactions. The aggregate liquidity resources are composed entirely of cash and securities positions. While Citi does utilize derivatives to manage the interest rate and currency risks related to the aggregate liquidity resources, credit derivatives are not used.

Deposits

        Deposits are the primary and lowest cost funding source for Citi's bank subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2012, approximately 81% of Citi's bank subsidiaries are funded by deposits, compared to 78% as of June 30, 2011 and 72% as of June 30, 2010.

        Citi continued to focus on maintaining a geographically diverse retail and corporate deposit base that stood at $914 billion at June 30, 2012, up 1% from March 31, 2012 and 6% from June 30, 2011. The increase in deposits year-over-year was largely due to higher deposit volumes in each of Citicorp's deposit-taking businesses (Transaction Services, Securities and Banking—primarily the Private Bank—and Global Consumer Banking). Year-over-year deposit growth occurred in North America, EMEA and Asia, as customers continued a "flight-to-quality" given the uncertain macroeconomic environment. Adjusted for the impact of FX translation, total deposits were up 2% quarter-over-quarter, and 9% year-over-year, with deposit growth in all four regions, including 15% growth in North America and 13% growth in EMEA. These increases in deposits in Citicorp were partially offset by a continued decrease in deposits in Citi Holdings, both year-over-year and quarter-over-quarter. As of June 30, 2012, approximately 61% of Citi's deposits were located outside of the U.S., compared to 61% at March 31, 2012 and 65% at June 30, 2011.

        In addition, during the second quarter, the composition of Citi's deposits continued to shift towards a greater proportion of operating balances. (Citi defines operating balances as checking and savings accounts for individuals, as well as cash management accounts for corporations. This compares to time deposits, where rates are fixed for the term of the deposit and which have generally lower margins.) At June 30, 2012, operating balances represented 76% and 73% of total deposits in each of Global Consumer Banking and Citi's institutional businesses, respectively. In addition, operating balances represented 74% of Citicorp's deposit base as of June 30, 2012, compared to 74% as of March 31, 2012, and 73% as of June 30, 2011.

        Deposits can be interest-bearing or non-interest-bearing. Of Citi's $914 billion of deposits as of June 30, 2012, $180 billion were non-interest-bearing, compared to $183 billion at March 31, 2012 and $149 billion at June 30, 2011. The remainder, or $734 billion, was interest-bearing, compared to $723 billion at March 31, 2012 and $718 billion at June 30, 2011.

        Citi's overall cost of funds on deposits continued to decrease during the second quarter of 2012, despite continued deposit growth. Citi's average rate on total deposits was 0.85% at June 30, 2012, compared with 0.94% at March 31, 2012 and 1.03% at June 30, 2011. Excluding the impact of the higher FDIC assessment (effective beginning in the second quarter of 2011) and deposit insurance, the average rate on Citi's total deposits was 0.72% at June 30, 2012, compared with 0.76% at March 31, 2012 and 0.86% at June 30, 2011. Consistent with prevailing interest rates, Citi continued to see declining deposit rates, notwithstanding pressure on deposit rates due to competitive pricing in certain regions.

Long-Term Debt

        Long-term debt (generally defined as original maturities of one year or more) continued to represent the most significant component of Citi's funding for its non-bank entities or 35% of the funding in the non-bank entities as of June 30, 2012, compared to 36% as of June 30, 2011 and 38% as of June 30, 2010. The vast majority of this funding is comprised of senior term debt, along with subordinated instruments and trust preferred securities.

        Senior long-term debt includes benchmark notes and structured notes, such as equity- and credit-linked notes. Citi's issuance of structured notes is generally driven by customer demand, and is not principally a source of liquidity for Citi. Structured notes frequently contain contractual features, such as call options, which can lead to an expectation that the debt will be redeemed earlier than one year, despite contractually scheduled maturities greater than one year. As such, when considering the measurement of Citi's long-term "structural" liquidity, structured notes with these contractual features are not included (see note 1 to the "Long-Term Debt Issuances and Maturities" table below).

        In addition, due to the phase-out of Tier 1 Capital treatment for trust preferred securities, Citi has no plans to issue new trust preferreds. During the second quarter of 2012, Citi announced

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the redemption of two series of its trust preferred securities, with an aggregate amount of approximately $4.6 billion, which closed on July 18, 2012. Citi has also announced the redemption of additional series of its trust preferred securities, with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $0.6 billion, which is to be redeemed on August 15, 2012. For details on Citi's remaining outstanding trust preferred securities, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        Long-term debt is an important funding source for Citi's non-bank entities due in part to its multi-year maturity structure. The weighted average maturities of long-term debt issued by Citigroup and its affiliates, including Citibank, N.A., with a remaining life greater than one year as of June 30, 2012 (excluding trust preferred securities), was approximately 7.0 years as of June 30, 2012, compared to 6.9 years at March 31, 2012 and 6.5 years at June 30, 2011.

Long-Term Debt Outstanding

        The following table sets forth Citi's total long-term debt outstanding for the periods indicated:

        As set forth in the table above, Citi's overall long-term debt decreased by approximately $64 billion year-over-year. In the non-bank, the year-over-year decrease was primarily due to TLGP run-off that was not refinanced. In the bank entities, the decrease was driven by TLGP run-off and the maturing of credit card securitization debt as Citi has grown its overall deposit base. Citi continues to expect declines in its overall long-term debt during the remainder of 2012, particularly within its bank entities.

        Given its liquidity resources as of June 30, 2012, Citi has considered, and may continue to consider, opportunities to repurchase its long-term and short-term debt pursuant to open market purchases, tender offers or other means. Such repurchases further decrease Citi's overall funding costs. During the second quarter of 2012, Citi repurchased an aggregate of approximately $1.7 billion of its outstanding long-term and short-term debt, primarily pursuant to selective public tender offers and open market purchases, compared to $2.8 billion and $2.1 billion during the first quarter of 2012 and second quarter of 2011, respectively.

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Long-Term Debt Issuances and Maturities

        The table below details Citi's long-term debt issuances and maturities (including repurchases) during the periods presented:

        The table below shows Citi's aggregate expected annual long-term debt maturities as of June 30, 2012:

        As set forth in the table above, Citi's senior and subordinated long-term debt maturities peak during 2012 at $68.0 billion. $38.1 billion of this amount is TLGP debt, of which $21.0 billion has matured as of June 30, 2012. Citi has not and does not expect to refinance its maturing TLGP debt.

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Short-Term Debt

Secured Financing

        Secured financing is primarily conducted through Citi's broker-dealer subsidiaries to facilitate customer matched-book activity and to efficiently fund a portion of the trading inventory. As of June 30, 2012, approximately 30% of the funding for Citi's non-bank entities, primarily the broker-dealer, was from secured financings.

        Secured financing was $215 billion as of June 30, 2012 and averaged approximately $225 billion during the quarter. This represented a decrease quarter-over-quarter by $11 billion and an increase year-over-year by $11 billion.

Commercial Paper

        The following table sets forth Citi's commercial paper outstanding for each of its non-bank entities and significant Citibank entities, respectively, for each of the periods indicated:

Other Short-Term Borrowings

        At June 30, 2012, Citi's other short-term borrowings were $38 billion, compared with $35 billion at March 31, 2012 and $49 billion at June 30, 2011. This amount includes borrowings from the FHLBs and other market participants.

        See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on Citigroup's and its affiliates' outstanding long-term debt and short-term borrowings.

Liquidity Management and Measures

Liquidity Management

        Citi's aggregate liquidity resources are managed by the Citi Treasurer. Liquidity is managed via a centralized treasury model by Corporate Treasury and by in-country treasurers. Pursuant to this structure, Citi's liquidity resources are managed with a goal of ensuring the asset/liability match and liquidity positions are appropriate in every country and throughout the company.

        Citi's Chief Risk Officer is responsible for the overall risk profile of Citi's aggregate liquidity resources. The Chief Risk Officer and Chief Financial Officer co-chair Citi's Asset Liability Management Committee (ALCO), which includes Citi's President, Treasurer and other senior executives. The ALCO sets the strategy of the liquidity portfolio and monitors its performance. Significant changes to portfolio asset allocations need to be approved by the ALCO.

        Excess cash available in Citi's aggregate liquidity resources is available to be invested in a liquid portfolio such that cash can be made available to meet demand in a stress situation. At June 30, 2012, as in recent prior quarters, Citi's liquidity pool was primarily invested in cash, government securities, including U.S. agency debt and U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, and a certain amount of highly rated investment-grade credit. While the vast majority of Citi's liquidity pool at June 30, 2012 consisted of long positions, Citi utilizes derivatives to manage its interest rate and currency risks; credit derivatives are not used.

Liquidity Measures

        Citi uses multiple measures in monitoring its liquidity, including without limitation, those described below.

        In broad terms, the structural liquidity ratio, defined as the sum of deposits, long-term debt and stockholders' equity as a percentage of total assets, measures whether the asset base is funded by sufficiently long-dated liabilities. Citi's structural liquidity ratio has remained stable over the past year: 72% at June 30, 2012, 72% at March 31, 2012, and 71% at June 30, 2011.

        In addition, Citi also believes it is currently in compliance with the proposed Basel III Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), even though such ratio is not proposed to take effect until 2015. The LCR is designed to ensure banks maintain an adequate level of unencumbered cash and highly liquid securities that can be converted to cash to meet liquidity needs under an acute 30-day stress scenario. The proposed minimum requirement for LCR is 100%. Although still awaiting final guidance from its regulators, based on its current interpretation, understanding and expectations of the proposed rules, Citi believes that it is in compliance with the proposed Basel III LCR with an estimated LCR of approximately 117% as of June 30, 2012, compared with approximately 126% at March 31, 2012. In keeping with its estimates regarding its overall excess liquidity levels, Citi expects that the LCR will decrease modestly but remain comfortably above the proposed 100% required minimum.

        For a more detailed discussion of Citi's overall liquidity management and additional liquidity measures and stress

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testing, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" in Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Credit Ratings

        Citigroup's funding and liquidity, including without limitation its funding capacity, its ability to access the capital markets and other sources of funds, as well as the cost of these funds, and its ability to maintain certain deposits, is partially dependent on its credit ratings. The table below indicates the ratings for Citigroup, Citibank, N.A. and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (a broker-dealer subsidiary of Citigroup Inc.) as of June 30, 2012.

Citigroup's Debt Ratings as of June 30, 2012

Recent Credit Rating Developments

        On July 18, 2012, following a ratings review, Fitch affirmed Citi's ratings. Specifically, Citigroup Inc. and Citibank, N.A. long- and short-term ratings of 'A/F1' and the unsupported rating of 'a-' were affirmed. The rating outlook by Fitch is stable.

        On June 21, 2012, Moody's announced the outcomes of its review of 15 banks and securities firms with global capital markets operations, including Citi. Moody's downgraded Citi's long-term ratings by 2 notches. Specifically, Citigroup Inc. was downgraded from 'A3/P-2' to 'Baa2/P-2' with negative outlook, and Citibank, N.A. was downgraded from 'A1/P-1' to 'A3/P-2' with stable outlook. Moody's action was based on their industry-wide re-evaluation of risks surrounding the investment banking operating model, and was part of a reset of ratings for more than 100 banks, globally.

        On November 29, 2011, following its global review of the banking industry under its revised bank criteria, S&P downgraded the issuer credit rating for Citigroup to 'A-/A-2' from 'A/A-1', and Citibank, N.A. to 'A/A-1' from 'A+/A-1'. At the same time, S&P maintained a negative outlook on the ratings. These ratings continue to receive two notches of government support uplift, reflecting S&P's view that the U.S. government is supportive to Citi.

        To date, the above mentioned rating changes have not had a material impact on Citi's funding, liquidity, client revenues or overall results of operations.

Potential Impacts of Ratings Downgrades

        Further ratings downgrades by Moody's, Fitch or S&P could negatively impact Citigroup's and/or Citibank, N.A.'s funding and liquidity due to reduced funding capacity, including derivatives triggers, which could take the form of cash obligations and collateral requirements. The following information is provided for the purpose of analyzing the potential funding and liquidity impact to Citigroup and Citibank, N.A. of a hypothetical, simultaneous ratings downgrade across all three major rating agencies. This analysis is subject to certain estimates, estimation methodologies, and judgments and uncertainties, including without limitation those relating to potential ratings limitations certain entities may have with respect to permissible counterparties, as well as general subjective counterparty behavior (e.g., certain corporate customers and trading counterparties could re-evaluate their business relationships with Citi, and limit the trading of certain contracts or market instruments with Citi). Moreover, changes in counterparty behavior could impact Citi's funding and liquidity as well as the results of operations of certain of its businesses. Accordingly, the actual impact to Citigroup or Citibank, N.A. is unpredictable and may differ materially from the potential funding and liquidity impacts described below.

        For additional information on the impact of credit rating changes on Citi and its applicable subsidiaries, see "Risk Factors—Market and Economic Risks" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Citigroup Inc. and Citibank, N.A.—Potential Derivative Triggers

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi estimates that a hypothetical one-notch downgrade of the senior debt/long-term rating of Citigroup across all three major rating agencies could impact Citigroup's funding and liquidity due to derivative triggers by approximately $2.2 billion. Other funding sources, such as secured financing transactions and other margin requirements, for which there are no explicit triggers, could also be adversely affected.

        In addition, as of June 30, 2012, Citi estimates that a hypothetical one-notch downgrade across all three major rating agencies of Citibank, N.A.'s senior debt/long-term rating could impact Citibank, N.A.'s funding and liquidity due to derivative triggers by approximately $4.0 billion.

        In total, Citi estimates that a one-notch downgrade of Citigroup and Citibank, N.A., across all three major rating agencies, could result in aggregate cash obligations and collateral requirements of $6.2 billion (see Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). As set forth under "Aggregate Liquidity Resources" above, the aggregate liquidity resources of Citi's non-bank entities were approximately $93 billion, and the aggregate liquidity resources of Citi's significant Citibank entities and other Citibank and Banamex entities were approximately $319 billion, for a total of approximately $412 billion as of June 30, 2012. These liquidity resources are available in part as a contingency for the potential events described above.

        In addition, a broad range of mitigating actions are currently included in Citigroup's and Citibank, N.A.'s detailed contingency funding plans (for additional information, see "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K). For Citigroup, these mitigating factors include, but are not limited to, accessing surplus funding capacity from existing clients, tailoring levels of secured lending, adjusting the size of select trading books and collateralized borrowings from Citi's significant bank subsidiaries. Mitigating actions available to Citibank, N.A. include, but are not limited to, selling or financing highly liquid government securities, tailoring levels of secured lending, adjusting the size of select trading books, reducing loan originations and renewals, raising additional deposits, or borrowing from the FHLBs or central banks. Citi believes these mitigating actions could substantially reduce the funding and liquidity risk, if any, of the potential downgrades described above.

Citibank, N.A.—Additional Potential Impacts

        In addition to the above derivative triggers, Citi believes that a potential one-notch downgrade of Citibank, N.A.'s senior debt/long-term rating by S&P and Fitch could also have an adverse impact on the commercial paper/short-term rating of Citibank, N.A. As of June 30, 2012, Citibank, N.A. had liquidity commitments of $24.2 billion to asset-backed commercial paper conduits. This included $15.6 billion of commitments to consolidated conduits and $8.6 billion of commitments to unconsolidated conduits (each as referenced in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

        In addition to the above-referenced aggregate liquidity resources of Citi's significant Citibank entities and other Citibank and Banamex entities, as well as the various mitigating actions previously noted, mitigating actions available to Citibank, N.A. to reduce the funding and liquidity risk, if any, of the potential downgrades described above, include repricing or reducing certain commitments to commercial paper conduits.

        In addition, in the event of the potential downgrades described above, Citi believes that certain corporate customers could re-evaluate their deposit relationships with Citibank, N.A. Among other things, this re-evaluation could include adjusting their discretionary deposit levels or changing their depository institution, each of which could potentially reduce certain deposit levels at Citibank, N.A. As a potential mitigant, however, Citi could choose to adjust pricing or offer alternative deposit products to its existing customers, or seek to attract deposits from new customers, as well as utilize the other mitigating actions referenced above.

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OFF-BALANCE-SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

        Citigroup enters into various types of off-balance-sheet arrangements in the ordinary course of business. Citi's involvement in these arrangements can take many different forms, including without limitation:

•

purchasing or retaining residual and other interests in special purpose entities, such as credit card receivables and mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization entities;



•

holding senior and subordinated debt, interests in limited and general partnerships and equity interests in other unconsolidated entities; and



•

providing guarantees, indemnifications, loan commitments, letters of credit and representations and warranties.

        Citi enters into these arrangements for a variety of business purposes. These securitization entities offer investors access to specific cash flows and risks created through the securitization process. The securitization arrangements also assist Citi and Citi's customers in monetizing their financial assets at more favorable rates than Citi or the customers could otherwise obtain.

        The table below presents where a discussion of Citi's various off-balance-sheet arrangements may be found in this Form 10-Q. In addition, see "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates—Securitizations" in Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as Notes 1, 22 and 28 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Types of Off-Balance-Sheet Arrangements Disclosures in this Form 10-Q

MANAGING GLOBAL RISK

        Citigroup's risk management framework balances strong corporate oversight with well-defined independent risk management functions for each business and region, as well as cross-business product expertise. For more information on Citi's risk management, see "Managing Global Risk" in Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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CREDIT RISK

Loans Outstanding

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Details of Credit Loss Experience

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Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

        The following table details information on Citi's allowance for loan losses, loans and coverage ratios as of June 30, 2012:

Non-Accrual Loans and Assets, and Renegotiated Loans

        The following pages include information on Citi's "Non-Accrual Loans and Assets" and "Renegotiated Loans." There is a certain amount of overlap among these categories. The following general summary provides a basic description of each category:

Non-Accrual Loans and Assets:

(1)

Corporate and Consumer (commercial market) non-accrual status is based on the determination that payment of interest or principal is doubtful.



(2)

Consumer non-accrual status is based on aging, i.e., the borrower has fallen behind in payments.



(3)

North America Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services are not included as, under industry standards, they accrue interest until charge-off.

Renegotiated Loans:

(1)

Both Corporate and Consumer loans whose terms have been modified in a TDR.



(2)

Includes both accrual and non-accrual TDRs.

Non-Accrual Loans and Assets

        The table below summarizes Citigroup's non-accrual loans as of the periods indicated. Non-accrual loans are loans in which the borrower has fallen behind in interest payments or, for Corporate and Consumer (commercial market) loans, where Citi has determined that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful and which are therefore considered impaired. In situations where Citi reasonably expects that only a portion of the principal owed will ultimately be collected, all payments received are reflected as a reduction of principal and not as interest income. There is no industry-wide definition of non-accrual assets, however, and as such, analysis across the industry is not always comparable.

        Corporate and Consumer (commercial market) non-accrual loans may still be current on interest payments but are considered non-accrual as Citi has determined that the future payment of interest and/or principal is doubtful. Consistent with industry convention, Citi generally accrues interest on credit card loans until such loans are charged-off, which typically occurs at 180 days contractual delinquency. As such, the non-accrual loan disclosures in this section do not include North America credit card loans.

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Non-Accrual Loans

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Non-Accural Loans and Assets (continued)

        The table below summarizes Citigroup's other real estate owned (OREO) assets as of the periods indicated. This represents the carrying value of all real estate property acquired by foreclosure or other legal proceedings when Citi has taken possession of the collateral.

 

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Renegotiated Loans

        The following table presents Citi's loans modified in TDRs.

        In certain circumstances, Citigroup modifies certain of its Corporate loans involving a non-troubled borrower. These modifications are subject to Citi's normal underwriting standards for new loans and are made in the normal course of business to match customers' needs with available Citi products or programs (these modifications are not included in the table above). In other cases, loan modifications involve a troubled borrower to whom Citi may grant a concession (modification). Modifications involving troubled borrowers may include extension of maturity date, reduction in the stated interest rate, rescheduling of future cash flows, principal reductions or reduction or waiver of accrued interest or fees. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of such modifications.

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North America Consumer Mortgage Lending

Overview

        Citi's North America Consumer mortgage portfolio consists of both residential first mortgages and home equity loans. As of June 30, 2012, Citi's North America Consumer residential first mortgage portfolio totaled $92.0 billion, while the home equity loan portfolio was $40.4 billion. Of the first mortgages, $62.6 billion are recorded in LCL within Citi Holdings, with the remaining $29.4 billion recorded in Citicorp. With respect to the home equity loan portfolio, $37.2 billion are recorded in LCL, and $3.2 billion are reported in Citicorp.

        Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio included $8.7 billion of loans with FHA insurance or VA guarantees as of June 30, 2012. This portfolio consists of loans originated to low-to-moderate-income borrowers with lower FICO (Fair Isaac Corporation) scores and generally has higher loan-to-value ratios (LTVs). Losses on FHA loans are borne by the sponsoring governmental agency, provided that the insurance terms have not been rescinded as a result of an origination defect. With respect to VA loans, the VA establishes a loan-level loss cap, beyond which Citi is liable for loss. While FHA and VA loans have high delinquency rates, given the insurance and guarantees, respectively, Citi has experienced negligible credit losses on these loans to date.

        Also as of June 30, 2012, the residential first mortgage portfolio included $1.4 billion of loans with LTVs above 80%, which have insurance through mortgage insurance companies, and $1.1 billion of loans subject to long-term standby commitments (LTSC) with U.S. government-sponsored entities (GSEs), for which Citi has limited exposure to credit losses. Citi's home equity loan portfolio also included $0.4 billion of loans subject to LTSCs with GSEs, for which Citi also has limited exposure to credit losses. These guarantees and commitments may be rescinded in the event of origination defects.

        Citi's allowance for loan loss calculations takes into consideration the impact of the guarantees and commitments referenced above.

        Citi does not offer option adjustable rate mortgages/negative amortizing mortgage products to its customers. As a result, option adjustable rate mortgages/negative amortizing mortgages represent an insignificant portion of total balances, since they were acquired only incidentally as part of prior portfolio and business purchases.

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi's North America residential first mortgage portfolio contained approximately $13.6 billion of adjustable rate mortgages that are required to make a payment only of accrued interest for the payment period, or an interest-only payment. Borrowers that are currently required to make an interest-only payment cannot select a lower payment that would negatively amortize the loan. Residential first mortgages with this payment feature are primarily to high-credit-quality borrowers that have on average significantly higher origination and refreshed FICO scores than other loans in the residential first mortgage portfolio.

North America Consumer Mortgage Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses—Residential First Mortgages

        The following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit losses for Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio in North America. As referenced in the "Overview" section above, the majority of Citi's residential first mortgage exposure arises from its portfolio within Citi Holdings—LCL.

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(1)

The first quarter of 2012 included approximately $315 million of incremental charge-offs related to previously deferred principal balances on modified mortgages. See note 1 to the "Details of Credit Loss Experience" table above. Excluding the impact of these charge-offs, net credit losses would have increased to $0.45 and $0.43 for the Citigroup and Citi Holdings portfolios, respectively.

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Note: For each of the tables above, days past due exclude (i) U.S. mortgage loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities because the potential loss predominantly resides with the U.S. entities, and (ii) loans that are recorded at fair value. Totals may not sum due to rounding.

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        Management actions, including asset sales and modification programs, continued to be the primary drivers of the overall improved asset performance within Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio in Citi Holdings during the periods presented above (excluding the deferred principal net credit losses described in note 1 to the tables above). With respect to asset sales, Citi sold approximately $0.5 billion of delinquent residential first mortgages during the second quarter of 2012, up from $0.3 billion in the first quarter of 2012. Regarding modifications, Citi modified approximately $0.2 billion of residential first mortgage loans under its HAMP and CSM programs, two of its more significant residential first mortgage modification programs, in the second quarter of 2012, which also represented a slight increase from modification volumes in the first quarter of 2012. (For additional information on Citi's significant residential first mortgage loan modification programs, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)

        While re-defaults of previously modified mortgages under the HAMP and CSM programs continued to track favorably versus expectations as of June 30, 2012, Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio continued to show some signs of the impact of re-defaults of previously modified mortgages, which continued to increase in the current quarter. This is reflected in the stabilizing to increasing delinquency and net credit loss trends in the tables above (excluding the deferred principal net credit losses described in note 1 to the tables above), particularly in the 30-89+ days past due delinquencies quarter-over-quarter.

        Accordingly, Citi continues to believe that its ability to offset increasing delinquencies or net credit losses in its residential first mortgage portfolio, due to any deterioration of the underlying credit performance of these loans, re-defaults, the lengthening of the foreclosure process (see "Foreclosures" below) or otherwise, pursuant to asset sales or modifications could be limited going forward given the lack of remaining inventory of loans to sell or modify (or due to lack of market demand for asset sales). Citi has taken these trends and uncertainties, including the potential for re-defaults, into consideration in determining its loan loss reserves. See "North America Consumer Mortgages—Loan Loss Reserve Coverage" below. Citi also continues to believe that any increase in net credit losses relating to additional principal forgiveness or deferred principal charge-offs pursuant to the national mortgage settlement will be covered by its existing loan loss reserves. See also "Credit Risk—National Mortgage Settlement" below.

North America Residential First Mortgages—State Delinquency Trends

        The following tables set forth, for total Citigroup, the six states and/or regions with the highest concentration of Citi's residential first mortgages as of June 30, 2012 and March 31, 2012.

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(1)

Certain of the states are included as part of a region based on Citi's view of similar home prices (HPI) within the region.

(2)

Ending net receivables. Excludes loans in Canada and Puerto Rico, loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, loans recorded at fair value and loans subject to LTSCs. Excludes balances for which FICO or LTV data is unavailable.

        As evidenced by the table above, Citi's residential first mortgages portfolio is primarily concentrated in California and the New York/New Jersey/Connecticut region (with New York as the largest of the three states). As previously disclosed, as asset sales have slowed, Citi has observed deterioration in the 90+ days past due delinquency rates, and this is reflected in the increase in the delinquency rate in certain of the states and/or regions included above, including New York/New Jersey/ Connecticut and Florida, in the second quarter of 2012. Combined with the continued lengthening of the foreclosure process (see discussion under "Foreclosures" below) in all of these states and regions, Citi expects it could experience further deterioration, or less improvement, in the 90+ days past due delinquency rate in one or more of these areas in the future.

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Foreclosures

        The substantial majority of Citi's foreclosure inventory consists of residential first mortgages. As of June 30, 2012, approximately 2.2% of Citi's residential first mortgage portfolio (excluding loans in foreclosure that are guaranteed by the U.S. government agencies and loans subject to LTSCs) was in Citi's foreclosure inventory (based on the dollar amount of loans in foreclosure inventory as of such date), which represented a 7% decrease quarter-over-quarter.

        Similar to prior quarters, Citi continued to experience fewer loans moving into its foreclosure inventory during the second quarter of 2012, primarily as a result of Citi's continued asset sales of delinquent first mortgages, increased state requirements for foreclosure filings and Citi's continued efforts to work with borrowers pursuant to its loan modification programs, including under the national mortgage settlement, as previously disclosed.

        The number of loans exiting foreclosure inventory remained essentially flat quarter-over-quarter, thus resulting in the overall decrease in Citi's foreclosure inventory. The foreclosure process remains stagnant across most states, driven primarily by the additional state requirements to complete foreclosures as well as the continued lengthening of the foreclosure process. In Citi's experience, the average timeframe to foreclosure is two to three times longer than historical norms, and aged foreclosure inventory (active foreclosures in process for two years or more) continues to represent an increasing proportion of Citi's total foreclosure inventory (approximately 19% as of June 30, 2012). These trends are more pronounced in the judicial states (i.e., those states that require foreclosures to be processed via court approval), where Citi has a higher concentration of residential first mortgages of loans in foreclosure (see "North America Residential First Mortgages—State Delinquency Trends" above).

North America Consumer Mortgage Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses—Home Equity Loans

        Citi's home equity loan portfolio consists of both fixed rate home equity loans and loans extended under home equity lines of credit. Fixed rate home equity loans are fully amortizing. Home equity lines of credit allow for amounts to be drawn for a period of time and then, at the end of the draw period, the then-outstanding amount is converted to an amortizing loan. After conversion, the loan typically has a 20-year amortization repayment period.

        Historically, Citi's home equity lines of credit typically had a 10-year draw period. Citi's new originations of home equity lines of credit typically have a five-year draw period as Citi changed these terms in June 2010 to mitigate risk due to the economic environment and declining home prices. As of June 30, 2012, Citi's home equity loan portfolio of $40.4 billion included approximately $23.5 billion of home equity lines of credit that are still within their revolving period and have not commenced amortization (the interest-only payment feature during the revolving period is standard for this product across the industry). The vast majority of Citi's home equity loans extended under lines of credit as of June 30, 2012 will contractually begin to amortize after 2014.

        As of June 30, 2012, the percentage of U.S. home equity loans in a junior lien position where Citi also owned or serviced the first lien was approximately 31%. However, for all home equity loans (regardless of whether Citi owns or services the first lien), Citi manages its home equity loan account strategy through obtaining and reviewing refreshed credit bureau scores (which reflect the borrower's performance on all of its debts, including a first lien, if any), refreshed LTV ratios and other borrower credit-related information. Historically, the default and delinquency statistics for junior liens where Citi also owns or services the first lien have been better than for those where Citi does not own or service the first lien, which Citi believes is generally attributable to origination channels and better credit characteristics of the portfolio, including FICO and LTV, for those junior liens where Citi also owns or services the first lien.

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        The following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit losses for Citi's home equity loan portfolio in North America. The vast majority of Citi's home equity loan exposure arises from its portfolio within Citi Holdings—LCL.

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(1)

The first quarter of 2012 included approximately $55 million of incremental charge-offs related to previously deferred principal balances on modified mortgages. See note 1 to the "Details of Credit Loss Experience" table above. Excluding the impact of these charge-offs, net credit losses would have decreased to $0.51 and $0.50 for the Citigroup and Citi Holdings portfolios, respectively.

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Note:

For each of the tables above, days past due exclude (i) U.S. mortgage loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored entities because the potential loss predominantly resides with the U.S. entities, and (ii) loans are recorded at fair value. Totals may not sum due to rounding.

        As evidenced by the tables above, there continued to be improvement in home equity loan delinquencies and net credit losses in the second quarter of 2012, although the rate of improvement has slowed, particularly in each of the delinquency buckets. Given the lack of market in which to sell delinquent home equity loans, as well as the relatively smaller number of home equity loan modifications and modification programs, Citi's ability to offset increased delinquencies and net credit losses in its home equity loan portfolio in Citi Holdings, whether pursuant to deterioration of the underlying credit performance of these loans or otherwise, continues to be more limited as compared to residential first mortgages as discussed above. Accordingly, Citi could begin to experience increased delinquencies and thus increased net credit losses in this portfolio going forward. Citi has taken these trends and uncertainties into consideration in determining its loan loss reserves. See "North America Consumer Mortgages—Loan Loss Reserve Coverage" below.

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North America Home Equity Loans—State Delinquency Trends

        The following tables set forth, for total Citigroup, the six states and/or regions with the highest concentration of Citi's home equity loans as of June 30, 2012 and March 31, 2012.

        For the reasons described under "North America Consumer Mortgage Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses—Home Equity Loans" above, Citi has experienced, and could continue to experience, increased delinquencies and thus increased net credit losses in certain of these states and/or regions going forward.

North America Consumer Mortgages—Loan Loss Reserve Coverage

        At June 30, 2012, approximately $9.4 billion of Citi's total loan loss reserves of $27.6 billion was allocated to North America real estate lending in Citi Holdings. With respect to Citi's aggregate North America Consumer mortgage portfolio, including Citi Holdings as well as the residential first mortgages and home equity loans in Citicorp, Citi's loan loss reserves of $9.6 billion at June 30, 2012 represented over 31 months of coincident net credit loss coverage.

National Mortgage Settlement

        As previously disclosed, under the national mortgage settlement, Citi is required to provide (i) customer relief in the form of loan modifications for delinquent borrowers, including principal reductions, and other loss mitigation activities to be completed over three years, with a required settlement value of $1.4 billion; and (ii) refinancing concessions to enable current borrowers whose properties are worth less than the balance of their loans to reduce their interest rates, also to be completed over three years, with a required settlement value of $378 million. Citi commenced loan modifications under the settlement, including principal reductions, in March 2012, and commenced the refinancing process in the latter part of June 2012.

        If Citi does not provide the required amount of financial relief in the form of loan modifications and other loss mitigation activities for delinquent borrowers or refinancing concessions under the national mortgage settlement, additional cash payments would be required. Citi is required to complete 75% of its required relief by March 1, 2014. Failure to meet 100% of the commitment by March 1, 2015 will result in Citi paying an amount equal to 125% of the shortfall. Failure to meet the two-year commitment noted above and then failure to meet the three-year commitment will result in an amount equal to 140% of the three-year shortfall. Citi continues to believe that its obligations will be fully met in the form of financial relief to homeowners; therefore, no additional cash payments are currently expected.

Loan Modifications/Loss Mitigation for Delinquent Borrowers

        All of the loan modifications for delinquent borrowers receiving relief towards the $1.4 billion in settlement value are either currently accounted for as TDRs or will become TDRs at the time of modification. The loan modifications have been, and will continue to be, primarily performed under the HAMP and Citi's CSM loan modification programs (see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of TDRs). The loss mitigation activities include short sales for residential first mortgages and home equity loans, extinguishments and other loss mitigation activities. Based on the nature of the loss mitigation activities (e.g., short sales and extinguishments), these activities are not anticipated to have an impact on Citi's TDRs. Citi continues to believe that its loan loss reserves as of June 30, 2012 will be sufficient to cover the required customer relief to delinquent borrowers under the national mortgage settlement.

        Through June 30, 2012, Citi has assisted over 12,000 customers under the national mortgage settlement, resulting in an aggregate principal reduction of approximately $850 million. Like other financial institutions party to the national mortgage settlement, Citi does not receive dollar-for-dollar settlement value for the relief it provides under the national mortgage settlement in all cases, and as a result, Citi anticipates that the relief provided will be higher than the settlement value. Net credit losses of approximately $43 million have been incurred to date (in the second quarter of 2012) relating to these loan modifications, which were entirely offset by a loan loss reserve release. As previously disclosed, during the first quarter of 2012, Citi's North America

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mortgages net credit losses included approximately $370 million of incremental charge-offs related to previously deferred principal balances on modified mortgages, substantially all of which were offset by a specific reserve release. These charge-offs were related to anticipated forgiveness of principal in connection with the national mortgage settlement. Loan modifications pursuant to the settlement have improved Citi's 30+ days past due delinquencies by approximately $135 million.

Refinancing Concessions for Current Borrowers

        The refinancing concessions are to be offered to residential first mortgage borrowers whose properties are worth less than the value of their loans, who have been current in the prior twelve months, who have not had a modification, bankruptcy or foreclosure proceedings during the prior 24 months, and whose loans have a current interest rate greater than 5.25%. Citi currently expects to refinance approximately $2.0 billion in loans to meet the terms of the national mortgage settlement by reducing the borrower's rate from its current rate to 5.25% for the remaining life of the loan. As a result of the settlement, Citi is forgoing future interest payments that it may not otherwise have agreed to forgo. Citi continues to estimate the total amount of expected forgone future interest income will be approximately $40 million annually. However, this estimate could change based on the response rate of borrowers that qualify and the subsequent borrower payment behavior. As noted above, Citi commenced the refinancing process under the national mortgage settlement in the latter part of June 2012.

        Citi will account for the refinancing concessions based on whether each borrower is determined to be experiencing financial difficulty based on sufficient underwriting. When a refinancing concession is granted to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty, the loan will be accounted for as a TDR. Otherwise, the impact of the refinancing concessions will be recognized over a period of years in the form of lower interest income. As of June 30, 2012, it is not possible to estimate the number of refinance concessions that will be accounted for as TDRs. Citi does not currently expect these refinancing concessions to have a material impact on the fair value of the modified mortgage loans.

Consumer Mortgage FICO and LTV

        As a consequence of the financial crisis, economic environment and the decrease in housing prices, LTV and FICO scores for Citi's residential first mortgage and home equity loan portfolios have generally deteriorated since origination, particularly in the case of originations between 2006 and 2007, although, as set forth in the tables below, the negative migration has generally stabilized.

        Generally, on a refreshed basis, approximately 27% of residential first mortgages had an LTV ratio above 100%, compared to approximately 0% at origination. Similarly, approximately 34% of residential first mortgages had FICO scores less than 660 on a refreshed basis, compared to 26% at origination. With respect to home equity loans, approximately 44% of home equity loans had refreshed LTVs above 100%, compared to approximately 0% at origination. Approximately 25% of home equity loans had FICO scores less than 660 on a refreshed basis, compared to 9% at origination.

FICO and LTV Trend Information—North America Consumer Mortgages

Residential First Mortgages
In billions of dollars

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Home Equity Loans
In billions of dollars

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Notes:

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Data appearing in the tables above have been sourced from Citi's risk systems and, as such, may not reconcile with disclosures elsewhere generally due to differences in methodology or variations in the manner in which information is captured. Citi has noted such variations in instances where it believes they could be material to reconcile to the information presented elsewhere.



–

Tables exclude loans in Canada and Puerto Rico, loans guaranteed by U.S. government agencies (residential first mortgages table only), loans recorded at fair value (residential first mortgages table only) and loans subject to LTSCs.



–

Balances exclude deferred fees/costs.



–

Tables exclude balances for which FICO or LTV data is unavailable. For residential first mortgages, balances for which such data is unavailable includes $0.4 billion in each of the periods presented. For home equity loans, balances for which such data is unavailable includes $0.2 billion in each of the periods presented.

        Citi's residential first mortgage delinquencies continue to show the impact of re-defaults of previously modified mortgages. The level of 90+ days past due for residential first mortgages with refreshed FICO scores of less than 660 can be attributed to the decline in Citi's asset sales of delinquent first mortgages, the lengthening of the foreclosure process and the continued economic uncertainty, as discussed in the sections above.

        Although home equity loans are typically in junior lien positions and residential first mortgages are typically in a first lien position, residential first mortgages historically have experienced higher delinquency rates as compared to home equity loans. Citi believes this difference is primarily due to the fact that residential first mortgages are written down to collateral value less cost to sell at 180 days past due and remain in the delinquency population until full disposition through sale, repayment or foreclosure, whereas home equity loans are generally fully charged off at 180 days past due and thus removed from the delinquency calculation. In addition, due to the longer timelines to foreclose on a residential first mortgage (see "Foreclosures" above), these loans tend to remain in the delinquency statistics for a longer period and, consequently, the 90 days or more delinquencies of these mortgages remain higher.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

        To minimize credit and liquidity risk, Citi sells most of the conforming mortgage loans it originates, but retains the servicing rights. These sale transactions create an intangible asset referred to as mortgage servicing rights (MSRs), which are recorded at fair value on Citi's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of MSRs is primarily affected by changes in prepayments of mortgages that result from shifts in mortgage interest rates. Specifically, the fair value of MSRs declines with increased prepayments, and lower interest rates are generally one factor that tends to lead to increased prepayments. In managing this risk, Citi economically hedges a significant portion of the value of its MSRs through the use of interest rate derivative contracts, forward purchase commitments of mortgage-backed securities and purchased securities classified as trading account assets.

        Citi's MSRs totaled $2.1 billion, $2.6 billion and $4.3 billion at June 30, 2012, December 31, 2011 and June 30, 2011, respectively. As of June 30, 2012, approximately $1.3 billion of MSRs were specific to Citicorp, with the remainder to Citi Holdings. The decrease in the value of Citi's MSRs from the prior-year period primarily reflected the impact from lower interest rates in addition to amortization. The decrease in the value sequentially was due to amortization as well as an increase in servicing costs relating to the servicing of the loans remaining in Citi Holdings. As the mix of loans remaining in Citi Holdings has gradually shifted to more delinquent, non-performing loans, the cost for servicing those loans has increased.

        For additional information on Citi's MSRs, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Citigroup Residential Mortgages—Representations and Warranties

Overview

        In connection with Citi's sales of residential mortgage loans to the U.S. government-sponsored entities (GSEs) and, in most cases, other mortgage loan sales and private-label securitizations, Citi makes representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The specific representations and warranties made by Citi in any particular transaction depend on, among other things, the nature of the transaction and the requirements of the investor (e.g., whole loan sale to the GSEs versus loans sold through securitization transactions), as well as the credit quality of the loan (e.g., prime, Alt-A or subprime). For details on the specific types of representations and warranties made by Citi in transactions with the GSEs and through private-label securitizations, see "Managing Global Risk—Credit Risk—Consumer Mortgage—Representations and Warranties" and "—Securities and Banking-Sponsored Legacy Private-Label Residential Mortgage Securitizations—Representations and Warranties" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        These activities expose Citi to potential claims for breaches of its representations and warranties. In the event of

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a breach of its representations and warranties, Citi could be required either to repurchase the mortgage loans with the identified defects (generally at unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest) or to indemnify ("make-whole") the investors for their losses on these loans. To the extent Citi made representation and warranties on loans it purchased from third-party sellers that remain financially viable, Citi may have the right to seek recovery of repurchase losses or make-whole payments from the third party based on representations and warranties made by the third party to Citi.

Whole Loan Sales

        Citi is exposed to representation and warranty repurchase claims primarily as a result of its whole loan sales to the GSEs and, to a lesser extent, private investors, through its Consumer business (CitiMortgage). To date, the majority of Citi's repurchases has been due to GSE repurchase claims and relate to loans originated from 2006 through 2008, which also represent the vintages with the highest loss severity. An insignificant percentage of repurchases and make-whole payments have been from vintages pre-2006 and post-2008. Citi attributes this to better credit performance of these vintages and to the enhanced underwriting standards implemented in the second half of 2008 and forward.

        During the period 2006 through 2008, Citi sold a total of approximately $336 billion of whole loans, substantially all to the GSEs (this amount has not been adjusted for subsequent borrower repayments of principal, defaults, or repurchase activity to date). The vast majority of these loans were either originated by Citi or purchased from a third-party seller that is no longer financially viable. As discussed below, however, Citi's repurchase reserve takes into account estimated reimbursements, if any, to be received from third-party sellers.

Private-Label Residential Mortgage Securitizations

        Citi is also exposed to representation and warranty repurchase claims as a result of mortgage loans sold through private-label residential mortgage securitizations. During 2005-2008, Citi sold loans into and sponsored private-label securitizations through both its Consumer business (CitiMortgage) and its legacy S&B business. Citi sold approximately $91 billion of mortgage loans through private-label securitizations during this period.

CitiMortgage (principally reflected in Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending)

        During the period 2005 through 2008, Citi sold approximately $24.6 billion of loans through private-label mortgage securitization trusts via its Consumer business in CitiMortgage. These $24.6 billion of securitization trusts were composed of approximately $15.4 billion in prime trusts and $9.2 billion in Alt-A trusts, each as classified at issuance. As of June 30, 2012, approximately $9.6 billion of the $24.6 billion remained outstanding as a result of repayments of approximately $13.8 billion and cumulative losses (incurred by the issuing trusts) of approximately $1.2 billion. The remaining outstanding amount is composed of approximately $4.9 billion in prime trusts and approximately $4.7 billion in Alt-A trusts, as classified at issuance. As of June 30, 2012, the remaining outstanding had a 90 days or more delinquency rate in the aggregate of approximately 14.2%. Similar to the whole loan sales discussed above, the vast majority of these loans were either originated by Citi or purchased from a third-party seller that is no longer financially viable. Citi's repurchase reserve takes into account estimated reimbursements to be received, if any, from third-party sellers.

Legacy S&B Securitizations (principally reflected in Citi Holdings—Special Asset Pool)

        During the period 2005 through 2008, S&B, through its legacy business, sold approximately $66.4 billion of loans through private-label mortgage securitization trusts. These $66.4 billion of securitization trusts were composed of approximately $15.4 billion in prime trusts, $12.4 billion in Alt-A trusts and $38.6 billion in subprime trusts, each as classified at issuance. As of June 30, 2012, approximately $21.6 billion of this amount remained outstanding as a result of repayments of approximately $35.1 billion and cumulative losses (incurred by the issuing trusts) of approximately $9.6 billion (of which approximately $7.3 billion related to loans in subprime trusts). The remaining outstanding amount is composed of approximately $5.6 billion in prime trusts, $4.6 billion in Alt-A trusts and $11.4 billion in subprime trusts, as classified at issuance. As of June 30, 2012, the remaining outstanding had a 90 days or more delinquency rate of approximately 27.0%.

        The mortgages included in the S&B legacy securitizations were primarily purchased from third-party sellers. In connection with these securitization transactions, representations and warranties relating to the mortgages were made either by Citi, by third-party sellers, or both. As of June 30, 2012, where Citi made representations and warranties and received similar representations and warranties from third-party sellers, Citi believes that for the majority of the securitizations backed by prime and Alt-A loan collateral, if Citi received a repurchase claim for those loans, it would have a back-to-back claim against financially viable sellers. However, for the significant majority of the subprime collateral, Citi believes that such sellers would be unlikely to honor back-to-back claims because they are in bankruptcy, liquidation, or financial distress and are thus no longer financially viable. Citi's repurchase reserve takes into account estimated reimbursements to be received, if any, from third-party sellers.

Repurchase Reserve

        Citi has recorded a mortgage repurchase reserve (referred to as the repurchase reserve) for its potential repurchase or make-whole liability regarding representation and warranty claims. As mentioned above, Citi's repurchase reserve primarily relates to whole loan sales to the GSEs and is thus calculated primarily based on Citi's historical repurchase activity with the GSEs. The repurchase reserve relating to Citi's whole loan sales, and changes in estimate with respect thereto, are generally recorded in Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending. The repurchase reserve relating to private-label securitizations, and changes in estimate with respect thereto, are recorded in Citi Holdings—Special Asset Pool.

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Repurchase Reserve—Whole Loan Sales

        To date, issues related to (i) misrepresentation of facts by either the borrower or a third party (e.g., income, employment, debts, FICO, etc.), (ii) appraisal issues (e.g., an error or misrepresentation of value), and (iii) program requirements (e.g., a loan that does not meet investor guidelines, such as contractual interest rate) have been the primary drivers of Citi's repurchases and make-whole payments to the GSEs. However, the type of defect that results in a repurchase or make-whole payment has varied and will likely continue to vary over time. There has not been a meaningful difference in Citi's incurred or estimated loss for any particular type of defect.

        As previously disclosed, the repurchase reserve is based on various assumptions which, as referenced above, are primarily based on Citi's historical repurchase activity with the GSEs. As part of its ongoing review of the assumptions used to estimate its repurchase reserve for whole loan sales, during the second quarter of 2012, Citi refined certain of its assumptions utilized in its estimation process. Specifically, in prior quarters, Citi used loan documentation requests and repurchase claims as a percentage of loan documentation requests in order to estimate future claims. Beginning in the second quarter, Citi now utilizes the historical correlation between underlying loan characteristics (e.g., delinquencies, LTV, loan channel, etc.) and the likelihood of receiving a claim based on those characteristics in developing its claims estimate, which Citi believes is a more granular approach and enhances its claims estimation process. This refinement did not have a material impact on the repurchase reserve balance as of June 30, 2012.

        Accordingly, as of June 30, 2012, the most significant assumptions used to calculate the reserve levels are the: (i) correlation between loan characteristics and repurchase claims; (ii) claims appeal success rates; and (iii) estimated loss per repurchase or make-whole payment. In addition, as previously disclosed, Citi considers reimbursements estimated to be received from third-party sellers, which are generally based on Citi's analysis of its most recent collection trends and the financial solvency or viability of the third-party sellers, in estimating its repurchase reserve.

        During the second quarter of 2012, Citi recorded an additional reserve of $157 million relating to its whole loan sales repurchase exposure. The change in estimate for the second quarter of 2012 primarily resulted from a deterioration in loan performance and increased repurchase activity associated with servicing sold to a third party in the fourth quarter of 2010, where Citi retained the repurchase liability. Citi continues to believe the activity in, and change in estimate relating to its repurchase reserve will remain volatile in the near term.

        As referenced above, the repurchase reserve estimation process for potential whole loan representation and warranty claims is subject to various assumptions. The assumptions used to calculate the repurchase reserve include numerous estimates and judgments and thus contain a level of uncertainty and risk that, if different from actual results, could have a material impact on the reserve amounts. For example, Citi estimates that if there were a simultaneous 10% adverse change in each of the significant assumptions noted above, the repurchase reserve in respect of whole loan sales repurchase would increase by approximately $500 million as of June 30, 2012. This potential change is hypothetical and intended to indicate the sensitivity of the repurchase reserve to changes in the key assumptions. Actual changes in the key assumptions may not occur at the same time or to the same degree (e.g., an adverse change in one assumption may be offset by an improvement in another). Citi does not believe it has sufficient information to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss (as defined under ASC 450) relating to its representations and warranties with respect to its whole loan sales.

Repurchase Reserve—Private-Label Securitizations

        Investors in private-label securitizations may seek recovery for losses caused by non-performing loans through repurchase claims or through litigation premised on a variety of legal theories. Citi does not consider litigation in estimating its repurchase reserve, but rather in establishing its litigation accruals. For information on litigation, claims and regulatory proceedings regarding mortgage-related activities, see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        The pace at which Citi has received repurchase claims for breaches of representations and warranties on its securitizations remains volatile, and has continued to increase. During the second quarter of 2012, Citi recorded an additional repurchase reserve of $85 million relating to private-label securitizations, which was recorded in Citi Holdings—Special Asset Pool (see "Citi Holdings—Special Asset Pool" above). To date, Citi has received repurchase claims at a sporadic and unpredictable rate, and most of the claims received are not yet resolved. Thus, Citi cannot estimate probable future repurchases from such private-label securitizations. Rather, at the present time, Citi views repurchase demands on private-label securitizations as episodic in nature, such that the potential recording of repurchase reserves is currently expected to be analyzed principally on the basis of actual claims received, rather than predictions regarding claims estimated to be received or paid in the future.

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        The table below sets forth the activity in the repurchase reserve for each of the quarterly periods below:

        The following table sets forth the unpaid principal balance of loans repurchased due to representation and warranty claims during each of the quarterly periods below:

        In addition to the amounts set forth in the table above, Citi recorded make-whole payments of $91 million, $107 million, $148 million, $171 million and $121 million for the quarterly periods ended June 30, 2012, March 31, 2012, December 31, 2011, September 30, 2011 and June 30, 2011, respectively. Predominately all of these make-whole payments were to the GSEs.

Representation and Warranty Claims—By Claimant

        For the GSEs, Citi's response (i.e., agree or disagree to repurchase or make-whole) to any repurchase claim is required within 90 days of receipt of the claim. If Citi does not respond within 90 days, the claim is subject to discussions between Citi and the particular GSE. For other investors, the time period for responding to a repurchase claim is generally governed by the relevant agreement.

        The following table sets forth the original principal balance of representation and warranty claims by claimant, as well as the original principal balance of unresolved claims by claimant, for each of the quarterly periods below:

 

        For additional information regarding Citi's potential mortgage repurchase liability, see Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements below.

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North America Cards

Overview

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi's North America cards portfolio primarily consists of its Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services portfolios in Citicorp. As of June 30, 2012, the Citicorp Citi-branded cards portfolio totaled approximately $73 billion while the Citi retail services portfolio was approximately $37 billion. See Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements below for a discussion of Citi's significant cards modification programs.

North America Cards Quarterly Credit Trends—Delinquencies and Net Credit Losses

        The following charts detail the quarterly trends in delinquencies and net credit losses for Citigroup's North America Citi-branded cards and Citi retail services portfolios in Citicorp. The 90+ days past due delinquency and net credit loss rates in Citi-branded and Citi retail services cards decreased on a sequential basis. Citi expects some continued improvement in these metrics, although at a slower pace as the portfolios have largely stabilized.

North America Cards—Loan Loss Reserve Coverage

        At June 30, 2012, approximately $8.3 billion of Citi's total loan loss reserves of $27.6 billion was allocated to Citi's North America cards portfolios, representing approximately 17 months of coincident net credit loss coverage as of such date.

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CONSUMER LOAN DETAILS

Consumer Loan Delinquency Amounts and Ratios

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Consumer Loan Net Credit Losses and Ratios

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(1)

Average loans include interest and fees on credit cards.

(2)

The ratios of net credit losses are calculated based on average loans, net of unearned income.

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CORPORATE LOAN DETAILS

        For corporate clients and investment banking activities across Citigroup, the credit process is grounded in a series of fundamental policies, in addition to those described under "Managing Global Risk—Risk Management—Overview" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These include:

•

joint business and independent risk management responsibility for managing credit risks;



•

a single center of control for each credit relationship that coordinates credit activities with that client;



•

portfolio limits to ensure diversification and maintain risk/capital alignment;



•

a minimum of two authorized credit officer signatures required on extensions of credit, one of which must be from a credit officer in credit risk management;



•

risk rating standards, applicable to every obligor and facility; and



•

consistent standards for credit origination documentation and remedial management.

Corporate Credit Portfolio

        The following table represents the Corporate credit portfolio (excluding Private Bank in Securities and Banking), before consideration of collateral, by maturity at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The Corporate credit portfolio is broken out by direct outstandings, which include drawn loans, overdrafts, interbank placements, bankers' acceptances and leases, and unfunded commitments, which include unused commitments to lend, letters of credit and financial guarantees.

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Portfolio Mix

        Citi's Corporate credit portfolio is diverse across geography and counterparty. The following table shows the percentage of direct outstandings and unfunded commitments by region:

        The maintenance of accurate and consistent risk ratings across the Corporate credit portfolio facilitates the comparison of credit exposure across all lines of business, geographic regions and products.

        Obligor risk ratings reflect an estimated probability of default for an obligor and are derived primarily through the use of validated statistical models, scorecard models and external agency ratings (under defined circumstances), in combination with consideration of factors specific to the obligor or market, such as management experience, competitive position, and regulatory environment. Facility risk ratings are assigned that reflect the probability of default of the obligor and factors that affect the loss-given default of the facility, such as support or collateral. Internal obligor ratings that generally correspond to BBB and above are considered investment grade, while those below are considered non-investment grade.

        Citigroup also has incorporated climate risk assessment criteria for certain obligors, as necessary. Factors evaluated include consideration of climate risk to an obligor's business and physical assets.

        The following table presents the Corporate credit portfolio by facility risk rating at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, as a percentage of the total portfolio:

        Citi's Corporate credit portfolio is also diversified by industry, with a concentration in the financial sector, broadly defined, including banks, other financial institutions, insurance companies, investment banks and government and central banks. The following table shows the allocation of direct outstandings and unfunded commitments to industries as a percentage of the total Corporate portfolio:

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(1)

Includes all other industries, none of which exceeds 2% of total outstandings.

Credit Risk Mitigation

        As part of its overall risk management activities, Citigroup uses credit derivatives and other risk mitigants to hedge portions of the credit risk in its Corporate credit portfolio, in addition to outright asset sales. The purpose of these transactions is to transfer credit risk to third parties. The results of the mark to market and any realized gains or losses on credit derivatives are reflected in the Principal transactions line on the Consolidated Statement of Income.

        At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, $41.3 billion and $41.5 billion, respectively, of credit risk exposures were economically hedged. Citigroup's expected loss model used in the calculation of its loan loss reserve does not include the favorable impact of credit derivatives and other mitigants that are marked to market. In addition, the reported amounts of direct outstandings and unfunded commitments above do not reflect the impact of these hedging transactions. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the credit protection was economically hedging underlying credit exposure with the following risk rating distribution:

Rating of Hedged Exposure

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        At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the credit protection was economically hedging underlying credit exposures with the following industry distribution:

Industry of Hedged Exposure

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(1)

Includes all other industries, none of which is greater than 2% of the total hedged amount.

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EXPOSURE TO COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE

        Through their business activities and as capital markets participants, ICG and, to a lesser extent, SAP and BAM, incur exposures that are directly or indirectly tied to the commercial real estate (CRE) market. In addition, each of LCL and GCB hold loans that are collateralized by CRE. These exposures are represented primarily by the following three categories:

        (1)   Assets held at fair value included approximately $4.9 billion at June 30, 2012, of which approximately $3.5 billion are securities, loans and other items linked to CRE that are carried at fair value as Trading account assets, approximately $1.4 billion are securities backed by CRE carried at fair value as available-for-sale (AFS) investments, and approximately $0.1 billion are other exposures classified as Other assets. Changes in fair value for these trading account assets are reported in current earnings, while for AFS investments change in fair value are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income with credit-related other-than-temporary impairments reported in current earnings.

        These exposures are generally classified as Level 2 or Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Generally, the portfolio classified as Level 2 relates to exposures in markets with observable liquidity, while the Level 3 portfolio represents exposures with reduced liquidity. See Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        (2)   Assets held at amortized cost include approximately $1.2 billion of securities classified as held-to-maturity (HTM) and approximately $26.6 billion of loans and commitments each as of June 30, 2012. HTM securities are accounted for at amortized cost, subject to an other-than-temporary impairment evaluation. Loans and commitments are recorded at amortized cost. The impact of changes in credit is reflected in the calculation of the allowance for loan losses and in net credit losses.

        (3)   Equity and other investments include approximately $3.6 billion of equity and other investments (such as limited partner fund investments) at June 30, 2012 that are accounted for under the equity method, which recognizes gains or losses based on the investor's share of the net income (loss) of the investee.

        The following table provides a summary of Citigroup's global CRE funded and unfunded exposures at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        The above table represents the vast majority of Citi's direct exposure to CRE. There may be other transactions that have indirect exposures to CRE that are not reflected in this table.

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MARKET RISK

        Market risk encompasses liquidity risk and price risk, both of which arise in the normal course of business of a global financial intermediary. Liquidity risk is the risk that an entity may be unable to meet a financial commitment to a customer, creditor, or investor when due. Liquidity risk is discussed in "Capital Resources and Liquidity—Funding and Liquidity" above and in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Price risk is the earnings risk from changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity and commodity prices, and in their implied volatilities. Price risk arises in Citi's non-trading portfolios, as well as its trading portfolios.

Non-Trading Portfolios—Interest Rate Exposure (IRE)

        The exposures in the following table represent the approximate annualized risk to Citi's net interest revenue assuming an unanticipated parallel instantaneous 100 bps change, as well as a more gradual 100 bps (25 bps per quarter) parallel change in interest rates compared with the market forward interest rates in selected currencies. When approximating the impact of a gradual change in interest rates, it is assumed that any new business flows are hedged at the time of commitment.

        The changes in the U.S. dollar IRE from the prior quarter reflected the impact of continued lower rates, changes in balance sheet composition, and regular updates of behavioral assumptions for customer-related assets and liabilities. The changes from the prior-year period also reflected the impact of lower rates, debt issuance and swapping activities, repositioning of the liquidity portfolio and regular updates of behavioral assumptions for mortgages.

        The following table shows the risk to net interest revenue from six different changes in the implied-forward rates for the U.S. dollar. Each scenario assumes that the rate change will occur on a gradual basis every three months over the course of one year.

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Value at Risk for Trading Portfolios

        Value at risk (VAR) estimates, at a 99% confidence level, the potential decline in the value of a position or a portfolio under normal market conditions. VAR statistics can be materially different across firms due to differences in portfolio composition, differences in VAR methodologies, and differences in model parameters. Due to these inconsistencies, Citi believes VAR statistics can be used more effectively as indicators of trends in risk taking within a firm, rather than as a basis for inferring differences in risk taking across firms.

        Citi uses Monte Carlo simulation, which it believes is conservatively calibrated to incorporate the greater of short-term (most recent month) and long-term (three years) market volatility. The Monte Carlo simulation involves approximately 300,000 market factors, making use of 180,000 time series, with risk sensitivities updated daily and model parameters updated weekly.

        The conservative features of the VAR calibration contribute approximately 15% add-on to what would be a VAR estimated under the assumption of stable and perfectly normally distributed markets. Under normal and stable market conditions, Citi would thus expect the number of days where trading losses exceed its VAR to be less than two or three exceptions per year. Periods of unstable market conditions could increase the number of these exceptions. During the last four quarters, there was one back-testing exception where trading losses exceeded the VAR estimate at the Citigroup level (back-testing is the process in which the daily VAR of a portfolio is compared to the actual daily change in the market value of transactions).

        As set forth in the table below, Citi's total trading and credit portfolios VAR was $143 million, $160 million and $203 million at June 30, 2012, March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively. Daily total trading and credit portfolio VAR averaged $149 million in the second quarter of 2012 and ranged between $135 million to $172 million. The decrease in Citi's average total trading and credit portfolio VAR from the prior-year period as well as quarter-over-quarter was primarily driven by regular changes in VAR model parameters. Specifically, as Citi disclosed in its First Quarter 2012 Form 10-Q filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 4, 2012, the relatively higher volatilities from 2008 and 2009 are no longer included in the three-year volatility time series used in the VAR calculation.

        The table below provides the range of market factor VARs for total trading VAR, inclusive of specific risk, across the following quarters:

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        The following table provides the VAR for S&B for the periods indicated:

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INTEREST REVENUE/EXPENSE AND YIELDS

        A significant portion of Citi's business activities are based upon gathering deposits and borrowing money and then lending or investing those funds, or participating in market-making activities in tradable securities. Citi's net interest margin (NIM) is calculated by dividing gross interest revenue less gross interest expense by average interest earning assets.

        During the second quarter of 2012, Citi's NIM decreased by approximately 9 basis points from the first quarter of 2012. The sequential decrease in NIM was primarily due to increased trading assets with lower yields, which supported increased client activity, the absence of a reserve release in the Japan Consumer Finance business in the prior quarter and higher than anticipated pre-payments in North America cards during the current quarter (primarily in higher rate accounts, as consumers continued to deleverage), which had largely stabilized by quarter-end. These decreases were partly offset by a continued decline in Citi's overall funding costs. Absent any significant items, Citi believes its NIM will continue to reflect the pressure of a low interest rate environment and subsequent changes in its portfolios. Accordingly, Citi expects NIM to remain fairly stable to end-of-second-quarter levels.

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AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—ASSETS(1)(2)(3)(4)

Taxable Equivalent Basis

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(1)

Net interest revenue includes the taxable equivalent adjustments (based on the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 35%) of $144 million, $171 million, and $122 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012, March 31, 2012 and June 30, 2011, respectively.

(2)

Interest rates and amounts include the effects of risk management activities associated with the respective asset and liability categories.

(3)

Monthly or quarterly averages have been used by certain subsidiaries where daily averages are unavailable.

(4)

Detailed average volume, Interest revenue and Interest expense exclude Discontinued operations. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(5)

Average rates reflect prevailing local interest rates, including inflationary effects and monetary corrections in certain countries.

(6)

Average volumes of securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell are reported net pursuant to FIN 41 (ASC 210-20-45). However, Interest revenue excludes the impact of FIN 41 (ASC 210-20-45).

(7)

The fair value carrying amounts of derivative contracts are reported in Non-interest-earning assets and Other non-interest-bearing liabilities.

(8)

Interest expense on Trading account liabilities of ICG is reported as a reduction of Interest revenue. Interest revenue and interest expense on cash collateral positions are reported in interest on Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities, respectively.

(9)

Includes cash-basis loans.

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AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—LIABILITIES AND EQUITY, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)(4)

Taxable Equivalent Basis

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AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—ASSETS(1)(2)(3)(4)

Taxable Equivalent Basis

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AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—LIABILITIES AND EQUITY, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)(4)

Taxable Equivalent Basis

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ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)

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ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST EXPENSE AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)

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ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST REVENUE, INTEREST EXPENSE, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)

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COUNTRY RISK

Overview

        Country risk is the risk that an event in a country (precipitated by developments within or external to a country) will impair the value of Citi's franchise or will adversely affect the ability of obligors within that country to honor their obligations to Citi, any of which could negatively impact Citi's results of operations or financial condition. Country risk events may include sovereign defaults, banking defaults or crises, redenomination events (which could be accompanied by a revaluation (either devaluation or appreciation) of the affected currency), currency crises, foreign exchange controls and/or political events. See also "Risk Factors—Market and Economic Risks" in Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        Citi assesses the risk of loss associated with its various country exposures on a regular basis. These analyses take into consideration alternative scenarios that may unfold, as well as specific characteristics of Citi's portfolio, such as transaction structure and collateral. For additional information relating to Citi's risk management practices, see "Managing Global Risk" in Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K. While Citi continues to work to mitigate its exposures to any potential country or credit or other risk event, the impact of any such event is highly uncertain and will be based on the specific facts and circumstances. As a result, there can be no assurance that the various steps Citi has taken to protect its businesses, results of operations and financial condition against these events will be sufficient. In addition, there could be negative impacts to Citi's businesses, results of operations or financial condition that are currently unknown to Citi and thus cannot be mitigated as part of its ongoing contingency planning.

        Several European countries, including Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain (GIIPS) and France, have been the subject of credit deterioration due to weaknesses in their economic and fiscal situations. Moreover, the ongoing Eurozone debt crisis and other developments in the European Monetary Union (EMU) could lead to the withdrawal of one or more countries from the EMU or a partial, or ultimately a complete, break-up of the EMU. Given investor interest in this area, the narrative and tables below set forth certain information regarding Citi's country risk exposures on these topics as well as certain other country risk matters as of June 30, 2012.

Credit Risk

        Citi's credit risk reporting is based on Citi's internal risk management measures. Generally, credit risk, as based on Citi's internal risk management standards, measures Citi's net exposure to a credit or market risk event. The country designation in Citi's risk management systems is based on the country to which the client relationship, taken as a whole, is most directly exposed to economic, financial, sociopolitical or legal risks. As a result, Citi's reported credit risk exposures in a particular country may include exposures to subsidiaries within the client relationship that are actually domiciled outside of the country (e.g., Citi's Greece credit risk exposures may include loans, derivatives and other exposures to a U.K. subsidiary of a Greece-based corporation).

        Citi believes that the risk of loss associated with the exposures set forth below, which are based on Citi's internal risk management measures, is likely materially lower than the exposure amounts disclosed below and is sized appropriately relative to its franchise in these countries. In addition, the sovereign entities of the countries disclosed below, as well as the financial institutions and corporations domiciled in these countries, are important clients in the global Citi franchise. Citi fully expects to maintain its presence in these markets to service all of its global customers. As such, Citi's credit risk exposure in these countries may vary over time based on its franchise, client needs and transaction structures.

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Sovereign, Financial Institution and Corporate Exposures

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GIIPS

Sovereign, Financial Institution and Corporate Exposures

        As noted in the table above, Citi's gross funded credit exposure to sovereign entities, financial institutions and multinational and local corporations designated in the GIIPS under Citi's risk management systems was $20.1 billion at June 30, 2012, compared to $20.5 billion at March 31, 2012. This $20.1 billion of gross funded credit exposure at June 30, 2012 was made up of $7.7 billion in funded loans, before reserves, and $12.4 billion in derivative counterparty mark-to-market exposure, inclusive of credit valuation adjustments (CVA). The derivative counterparty mark-to-market exposure includes the net credit exposure arising from secured financing transactions, such as repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements (see "Secured Financing Transactions" below).

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi's net current funded exposure to sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations designated in the GIIPS under Citi's risk management systems was $8.4 billion, compared to $9.1 billion at March 31, 2012. The components of Citi's GIIPS net current funded exposure as of June 30, 2012 are described below.

Net Trading and AFS Exposure—$2.4 billion

        Included in the net current funded exposure at June 30, 2012 was a net position of $2.4 billion in securities and derivatives with GIIPS sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations as the issuer or reference entity. This compared to $3.1 billion of net trading and AFS exposures as of March 31, 2012. These securities and derivatives are marked to market daily. As previously disclosed, Citi's trading exposure levels vary as it maintains inventory consistent with customer needs.

Net Current Funded Credit Exposure—$6.0 billion

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi's net current funded credit exposure to GIIPS sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations was $6.0 billion, unchanged from March 31, 2012, with the majority of such exposure to corporations designated in the GIIPS. Consistent with its internal risk management measures and as set forth in the table above, Citi's gross funded credit exposure has been reduced by $3.8 billion of margin posted under legally enforceable margin agreements (compared to $4.0 billion at March 31, 2012). Similar to prior periods, the majority of this margin and collateral as of June 30, 2012 was in the form of cash, with the remainder in predominantly non-GIIPS securities, which are included at fair value.

        Gross funded credit exposure as of June 30, 2012 has also been reduced by $10.3 billion in purchased credit protection, compared to $10.5 billion at March 31, 2012, predominantly from financial institutions outside the GIIPS (see "Credit Default Swaps" below). Such protection generally pays out only upon the occurrence of certain credit events with respect to the country or borrower covered by the protection, as determined by a committee composed of dealers and other market participants. In addition to counterparty credit risks (see "Credit Default Swaps" below), the credit protection may not fully cover all situations that may adversely affect the value of Citi's exposure and, accordingly, Citi could still experience losses despite the existence of the credit protection.

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi also held $4.2 billion of collateral which has not been netted against its gross funded credit exposure to the GIIPS, an increase from $3.6 billion at March 31, 2012. This collateral may take a variety of forms, including securities, receivables and physical assets, and is held under a variety of collateral arrangements.

Unfunded Commitments—$9.1 billion

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi also had $9.1 billion of unfunded commitments to GIIPS sovereigns, financial institutions and corporations, with $7.7 billion of this amount to corporations. This compared to $8.1 billion of unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2012, with $7.5 billion of such amount to corporations. Unfunded commitments included $6.8 billion of unfunded loan commitments that generally have standard conditions that must be met before they can be drawn, and $2.2 billion of letters of credit.

Other Activities

        In addition to the exposures described above, like other banks, Citi also provides settlement and clearing facilities for a variety of clients in these countries and actively monitors and manages these intra-day exposures.

Retail, Small Business and Citi Private Bank

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi had approximately $6.9 billion of mostly locally-funded accrual loans to retail, small business and Citi Private Bank customers in the GIIPS, the vast majority of which is in Citi Holdings. This compared to $7.3 billion at the end of the first quarter of 2012. Of the $6.9 billion, approximately $4.3 billion consisted of retail and small business exposures in Spain ($3.0 billion) and Greece ($1.2 billion), approximately $1.7 billion related to held-to-maturity securitized retail assets (primarily mortgage-backed securities in Spain), and approximately $1.0 billion related to Private Bank customers, substantially all in Spain. In addition, Citi had approximately $5.0 billion of unfunded commitments to GIIPS retail, small business and Private Bank customers as of June 30, 2012. Citi's unfunded commitments to GIIPS retail customers, in the form of unused credit card lines, are generally cancellable upon the occurrence of significant credit events, including redenomination events.

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France

Sovereign, Financial Institution and Corporate Exposures

        Citi's gross funded credit exposure to the sovereign entity of France, as well as financial institutions and multinational and local corporations designated in France under Citi's risk management systems, was $13.0 billion at June 30, 2012, compared to $12.4 billion at March 31, 2012. This $13.0 billion of gross funded credit exposure at June 30, 2012 was made up of $5.5 billion in funded loans, before reserves, and $7.5 billion in derivative counterparty mark-to-market exposure, inclusive of CVA. The derivative counterparty mark-to-market exposure includes the net credit exposure arising from secured financing transactions, such as repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements (see "Secured Financing Transactions" below).

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi's net current funded exposure to the French sovereign and financial institutions and corporations designated in France under Citi's risk management systems was $3.7 billion, compared to $2.7 billion at March 31, 2012. The components of Citi's French net current funded credit exposure as of June 30, 2012 are described below.

Net Trading and AFS Exposure—$2.1 billion

        Included in the net current funded exposure at June 30, 2012 was a net position of $2.1 billion in securities and derivatives with the French sovereign, financial institutions and corporations as the issuer or reference entity. This compared to $1.1 billion of net trading and AFS exposures as of March 31, 2012. These securities and derivatives are marked to market daily. As previously disclosed, Citi's trading exposure levels vary as it maintains inventory consistent with customer needs.

Net Current Funded Credit Exposure—$1.7 billion

        As of June 30, 2012, the net current funded credit exposure to the French sovereign, financial institutions and corporations was $1.7 billion, with $0.1 billion to the sovereign entity, $2.0 billion to financial institutions and $(0.4) billion to corporations.

        Consistent with its internal risk management measures and as set forth in the table above, Citi's gross funded credit exposure has been reduced by $5.9 billion of margin posted under legally enforceable margin agreements (compared to $5.1 billion at March 31, 2012). Similar to prior periods, the majority of this margin and collateral as of June 30, 2012 was in the form of cash, with the remainder in predominantly non-French securities, which are included at fair value.

        Gross funded credit exposure as of June 30, 2012 has also been reduced by $5.4 billion in purchased credit protection, compared to $5.8 billion at March 31, 2012, predominantly from financial institutions outside France (see "Credit Default Swaps" below). Such protection generally pays out only upon the occurrence of certain credit events with respect to the country or borrower covered by the protection, as determined by a committee composed of dealers and other market participants. In addition to counterparty credit risks (see "Credit Default Swaps" below), the credit protection may not fully cover all situations that may adversely affect the value of Citi's exposure and, accordingly, Citi could still experience losses despite the existence of the credit protection.

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi also held $4.5 billion of collateral which has not been netted against its gross funded credit exposure to France. As described above, this collateral can take a variety of forms and is held under a variety of collateral arrangements.

Unfunded Commitments—$17.9 billion

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi also had $17.9 billion of unfunded commitments to the French sovereign, financial institutions and corporations, with $13.8 billion of this amount to corporations. This compared to $16.4 billion of unfunded commitments as of March 31, 2012, with $12.4 billion of such amount to corporations. Unfunded commitments included $14.8 billion of unfunded loan commitments that generally have standard conditions that must be met before they can be drawn, and $3.1 billion of letters of credit.

Other Activities

        In addition to the exposures described above, like other banks, Citi also provides settlement and clearing facilities for a variety of clients in France and actively monitors and manages these intra-day exposures.

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Credit Default Swaps—GIIPS and France

        Citi buys and sells credit protection, through credit default swaps (CDS), on underlying GIIPS and French entities as part of its market-making activities for clients in its trading portfolios. Citi also purchases credit protection, through CDS, to hedge its own credit exposure to these underlying entities that arises from loans to these entities or derivative transactions with these entities.

        Citi buys and sells CDS as part of its market-making activity, and purchases CDS for credit protection, primarily with investment grade, global financial institutions predominantly outside the GIIPS and France. The counterparty credit exposure that can arise from the purchase or sale of CDS, including any GIIPS or French counterparties, is managed and mitigated through legally enforceable netting and margining agreements with a given counterparty. Thus, the credit exposure to that counterparty is measured and managed in aggregate across all products covered by a given netting or margining agreement.

        The notional amount of credit protection purchased or sold on GIIPS and French underlying single reference entities as of June 30, 2012 is set forth in the table below. The net notional contract amounts, less mark-to-market adjustments, are included in "net current funded exposure" in the table under "Sovereign, Financial Institution and Corporate Exposures" above, and appear in either "net trading exposure" when part of a trading strategy or in "purchased credit protection" when purchased as a hedge against a credit exposure (see note 1 to the table below).

        When Citi purchases CDS as a hedge against a credit exposure, it generally seeks to purchase products from counterparties that would not be correlated with the underlying credit exposure it is hedging. In addition, Citi generally seeks to purchase products with a maturity date similar to the exposure against which the protection is purchased. While certain exposures may have longer maturities that extend beyond the CDS tenors readily available in the market, Citi generally will purchase credit protection with a maximum tenor that is readily available in the market.

        The above table contains all net CDS purchased or sold on GIIPS and French underlying entities, whether part of a trading strategy or as purchased credit protection. With respect to the $17.4 billion net purchased CDS contracts on underlying GIIPS reference entities, approximately 91% was purchased from non-GIIPS counterparties and 85% was purchased from investment grade counterparties as of June 30, 2012. With respect to the $10.3 billion net purchased CDS contracts on underlying French reference entities, approximately 77% was purchased from non-French counterparties and 91% was purchased from investment grade counterparties as of June 30, 2012.

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Secured Financing Transactions—GIIPS and France

        As part of its banking activities with its clients, Citi enters into secured financing transactions, such as repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. These transactions typically involve the lending of cash, against which securities are taken as collateral. The amount of cash loaned against the securities collateral is a function of the liquidity and quality of the collateral as well as the credit quality of the counterparty. The collateral is typically marked to market daily, and Citi has the ability to call for additional collateral (usually in the form of cash) if the value of the securities falls below a pre-defined threshold.

        As shown in the table below, at June 30, 2012, Citi had loaned $12.0 billion in cash through secured financing transactions with GIIPS and French counterparties, usually through reverse repurchase agreements. Against those loans, it held approximately $14.3 billion fair value of securities collateral. In addition, Citi held $1.5 billion in variation margin, most of which was in cash, against all secured financing transactions.

        Consistent with Citi's risk management systems, secured financing transactions are included in the counterparty derivative mark-to-market exposure at their net credit exposure value, which is typically small or zero given the over-collateralized structure of these transactions.

        Collateral taken in against secured financing transactions is generally high quality, marketable securities, consisting of government debt, corporate debt, or asset-backed securities. The table below sets forth the fair value of the securities collateral taken in by Citi against secured financing transactions as of June 30, 2012.

        Secured financing transactions can be short term or can extend beyond one year. In most cases, Citi has the right to call for additional margin daily, and can terminate the transaction and liquidate the collateral if the counterparty fails to post the additional margin. The table below sets forth the remaining transaction tenor for these transactions as of June 30, 2012.

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Redenomination and Devaluation Risk

        As previously disclosed and as referenced above, the ongoing Eurozone debt crisis and other developments in the European Monetary Union (EMU) could lead to the withdrawal of one or more countries from the EMU or a partial, or ultimately a complete, break-up of the EMU. See "Risk Factors—Market and Economic Risks" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K. If one or more countries were to leave the EMU, certain obligations relating to the exiting country could be redenominated from the Euro to a new country currency. While alternative scenarios could develop, redenomination could be accompanied by immediate devaluation of the new currency as compared to the Euro and the U.S. dollar.

        Citi, like other financial institutions with substantial operations in the EMU, is exposed to potential redenomination and devaluation risks arising from (i) Euro-denominated assets and/or liabilities located or held within the exiting country that are governed by local country law ("local exposures"), as well as (ii) other Euro-denominated assets and liabilities, such as loans, securitized products or derivatives, between entities outside of the exiting country and a client within the country that are governed by local country law ("offshore exposures"). However, the actual assets and liabilities that could be subject to redenomination and devaluation risk are subject to substantial legal and other uncertainty.

        Citi has been, and will continue to be, engaged in contingency planning for such events, particularly with respect to Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain. Generally, to the extent that Citi's local and offshore assets are relatively equal to its liabilities within the exiting country, and assuming both assets and liabilities are symmetrically redenominated and devalued, Citi believes that its risk of loss as a result of a redenomination and devaluation event would not be material. However, to the extent its local and offshore assets and liabilities are not equal, or there is asymmetrical redenomination of assets versus liabilities, Citi could be exposed to losses in the event of a redenomination and devaluation. Moreover, a number of events that could accompany a redenomination and devaluation, including a drawdown of unfunded commitments or "deposit flight," could exacerbate any mismatch of assets and liabilities within the exiting country.

        Citi's redenomination and devaluation exposures to the GIIPS as of June 30, 2012 are not additive to its credit risk exposures to such countries as described under "Credit Risk" above. Rather, Citi's credit risk exposures in the affected country would generally be reduced to the extent of any redenomination and devaluation of assets. As of June 30, 2012, Citi estimates that it had net asset exposure subject to redenomination and devaluation in Italy, principally relating to derivatives contracts. Citi also estimates that it had net asset exposure subject to redenomination and devaluation in Spain as of June 30, 2012, principally related to local exposures, trading exposures (net of CVA and margin) and offshore exposures related to held-to-maturity securitized retail assets (primarily mortgage-backed securities) and exposures to Private Bank customers (see "GIIPS—Retail, Small Business and Citi Private Bank" above). However, as of June 30, 2012, Citi's estimated redenomination and devaluation exposure to Italy was less than Citi's net current funded credit exposure to Italy (before purchased credit protection) as reflected under "Credit Risk" above. Further, as of June 30, 2012, Citi's estimated redenomination and devaluation exposure to Spain was less than Citi's net current funded credit exposure to Spain (before purchased credit protection) plus its retail, small business and Private Bank credit risk exposure to Spain, as reflected under "Credit Risk" above. In Greece, Ireland and Portugal, as of June 30, 2012, Citi either had a net liability position or net asset exposure subject to redenomination and devaluation that was insignificant.

        As referenced above, Citi's estimated redenomination and devaluation exposure does not include purchased credit protection. As described under "Credit Risk" above, Citi has purchased credit protection primarily from investment grade, global financial institutions predominantly outside of the GIIPS. To the extent the purchased credit protection is available in a redenomination/devaluation event, any redenomination/devaluation exposure could be reduced.

        Any estimates of redenomination/devaluation exposure are subject to ongoing review and necessarily involve numerous assumptions, including which assets and liabilities would be subject to redenomination in any given case, the availability of purchased credit protection and the extent of any utilization of unfunded commitments, each as referenced above. In addition, other events outside of Citi's control—such as the extent of any deposit flight and devaluation, the imposition of exchange and/or capital controls, the requirement by U.S. regulators of mandatory loan reserve requirements or any required timing of functional currency changes and the accounting impact thereof—could further negatively impact Citi in such an event. Accordingly, in an actual redenomination and devaluation scenario, Citi's exposures could vary considerably based on the specific facts and circumstances.

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Argentina and Venezuela Developments

        Citi operates in several countries with strict foreign exchange controls that limit its ability to convert local currency into U.S. dollars and/or transfer funds outside the country. In such cases, Citi could be exposed to a risk of loss in the event that the local currency devalues as compared to the U.S. dollar.

Argentine Operations

        Since 2011, the Argentine government has been tightening foreign exchange controls. Citi's access to U.S. dollars and other foreign currencies, which apply to capital repatriation efforts and discretionary investments offshore, has become limited. In addition, the Central Bank of Argentina has increased minimum capital requirements, which affect Citi's ability to remit profits. Citi's net investment in its Argentine operations at June 30, 2012 was approximately $800 million, most of which was hedged for currency risk. Citi hedges currency risk in its net investment to the extent possible and prudent, although hedging alternatives are becoming cost prohibitive and less effective. Citi uses the Argentine peso as the functional currency for its operations in Argentina and translates its operations into U.S. dollars using the official exchange rate as published by the Central Bank of Argentina. The impact of any devaluation of the Argentine peso on Citi's net investment in Argentina would be reported as a translation loss in stockholders' equity, offset by gains, if any, on its hedges.

Venezuelan Operations

        In 2003, the Venezuelan government enacted currency restrictions that have limited Citi's ability to obtain U.S. dollars in Venezuela at the official foreign currency rate. Citi uses the official exchange rate, as fixed by the Central Bank of Venezuela, to re-measure the foreign currency transactions in the financial statements of its Venezuelan operations, which use the U.S. dollar as the functional currency, into U.S. dollars. Citi uses the official exchange rate, which was 4.3 bolivars to one U.S. dollar at June 30, 2012, because it is the only exchange rate legally available. At June 30, 2012, Citi's net investment in Venezuela was approximately $290 million, which was unhedged, and Citi had net monetary assets in its Venezuelan operations denominated in Venezuelan bolivars of approximately $270 million. Citi is exposed to foreign exchange losses in earnings if the official exchange rate is devalued or in the event that it must settle bolivars at a rate that is less favorable than the official rate.

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FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENTS FOR DERIVATIVES AND STRUCTURED DEBT

        The following discussion relates to the derivative obligor information and the fair valuation for derivatives and structured debt. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on Citi's derivative activities.

Fair Valuation Adjustments for Derivatives

        The fair value adjustments applied by Citigroup to its derivative carrying values consist of the following items:

•

Liquidity adjustments are applied to items in Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy (see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more details) to ensure that the fair value reflects the price at which the net open risk position could be liquidated. The liquidity reserve is based on the bid/offer spread for an instrument. When Citi has elected to measure certain portfolios of financial instruments, such as derivatives, on the basis of the net open risk position, the liquidity reserve is adjusted to take into account the size of the position.



•

Credit valuation adjustments (CVA) are applied to over-the-counter derivative instruments, in which the base valuation generally discounts expected cash flows using the relevant base interest rate curves. Because not all counterparties have the same credit risk as that implied by the relevant base curve, a CVA is necessary to incorporate the market view of both counterparty credit risk and Citi's own credit risk in the valuation.

        Citi's CVA methodology is composed of two steps. First, the exposure profile for each counterparty is determined using the terms of all individual derivative positions and a Monte Carlo simulation or other quantitative analysis to generate a series of expected cash flows at future points in time. The calculation of this exposure profile considers the effect of credit risk mitigants, including pledged cash or other collateral and any legal right of offset that exists with a counterparty through arrangements such as netting agreements. Individual derivative contracts that are subject to an enforceable master netting agreement with a counterparty are aggregated for this purpose, since it is those aggregate net cash flows that are subject to nonperformance risk. This process identifies specific, point-in-time future cash flows that are subject to nonperformance risk, rather than using the current recognized net asset or liability as a basis to measure the CVA.

        Second, market-based views of default probabilities derived from observed credit spreads in the credit default swap (CDS) market are applied to the expected future cash flows determined in step one. Citi's own-credit CVA is determined using Citi-specific CDS spreads for the relevant tenor. Generally, counterparty CVA is determined using CDS spread indices for each credit rating and tenor. For certain identified netting sets where individual analysis is practicable (e.g., exposures to counterparties with liquid CDS), counterparty-specific CDS spreads are used.

        The CVA adjustment is designed to incorporate a market view of the credit risk inherent in the derivative portfolio. However, most derivative instruments are negotiated bilateral contracts and are not commonly transferred to third parties. Derivative instruments are normally settled contractually or, if terminated early, are terminated at a value negotiated bilaterally between the counterparties. Therefore, the CVA (both counterparty and own-credit) may not be realized upon a settlement or termination in the normal course of business. In addition, all or a portion of the CVA may be reversed or otherwise adjusted in future periods in the event of changes in the credit risk of Citi or its counterparties, or changes in the credit mitigants (collateral and netting agreements) associated with the derivative instruments.

        The table below summarizes the CVA applied to the fair value of derivative instruments for the periods indicated:

Own Debt Valuation Adjustments for Structured Debt

        Own debt valuation adjustments (DVA) are recognized on Citi's debt liabilities for which the fair value option (FVO) has been elected using Citi's credit spreads observed in the bond market. Accordingly, the fair value of debt liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected (other than non-recourse and similar liabilities) is impacted by the narrowing or widening of Citi's credit spreads. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in Citi's instrument-specific credit risk are estimated by incorporating Citi's current credit spreads observable in the bond market into the relevant valuation technique used to value each liability.

        The table below summarizes pretax gains (losses) related to changes in CVA on derivative instruments, net of hedges, and DVA on own FVO debt for the periods indicated:

        The CVA and DVA amounts shown in the table above do not include the effect of counterparty credit risk embedded in non-derivative instruments. Losses on non-derivative instruments, such as bonds and loans, related to counterparty credit risk are also not included in the table above.

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CREDIT DERIVATIVES

        Citigroup makes markets in and trades a range of credit derivatives, both on behalf of clients as well as for its own account. Through these contracts, Citi either purchases or writes protection on either a single-name or portfolio basis. Citi primarily uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in its corporate loan portfolio and other cash positions, and to facilitate client transactions.

        Credit derivatives generally require that the seller of credit protection make payments to the buyer upon the occurrence of predefined events (settlement triggers). These settlement triggers, which are defined by the form of the derivative and the referenced credit, are generally limited to the market standard of failure to pay indebtedness and bankruptcy (or comparable events) of the reference credit and, in a more limited range of transactions, debt restructuring.

        Credit derivative transactions referring to emerging market reference credits will also typically include additional settlement triggers to cover the acceleration of indebtedness and the risk of repudiation or a payment moratorium. In certain transactions on a portfolio of referenced credits or asset-backed securities, the seller of protection may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of losses has occurred with respect to the portfolio and/or may only be required to pay for losses up to a specified amount.

        The fair values shown below are prior to the application of any netting agreements, cash collateral, and market or credit valuation adjustments.

        Citi actively participates in trading a variety of credit derivatives products as both an active two-way market-maker for clients and to manage credit risk. The majority of this activity was transacted with other financial intermediaries, including both banks and broker-dealers. Citi generally has a mismatch between the total notional amounts of protection purchased and sold and it may hold the reference assets directly, rather than entering into offsetting credit derivative contracts as and when desired. The open risk exposures from credit derivative contracts are largely matched after certain cash positions in reference assets are considered and after notional amounts are adjusted, either to a duration-based equivalent basis or to reflect the level of subordination in tranched structures.

        Citi actively monitors its counterparty credit risk in credit derivative contracts. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, approximately 96% of the gross receivables are from counterparties with which Citi maintains collateral agreements. A majority of Citi's top 15 counterparties (by receivable balance owed to Citi) are banks, financial institutions or other dealers. Contracts with these counterparties do not include ratings-based termination events. However, counterparty ratings downgrades may have an incremental effect by lowering the threshold at which Citi may call for additional collateral.

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        The following tables summarize the key characteristics of Citi's credit derivatives portfolio by counterparty and derivative form as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

June 30, 2012

December 31, 2011

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(1)

Also includes not-rated credit derivative instruments.

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INCOME TAXES

Deferred Tax Assets

        Deferred tax assets (DTAs) are recorded for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or tax returns, based upon enacted tax laws and rates. DTAs are recognized subject to management's judgment that realization is more likely than not. For additional information, see "Risk Factors" and "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates—Income Taxes" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        At June 30, 2012, Citigroup had recorded net DTAs of approximately $51.0 billion, a decrease of $0.9 billion from March 31, 2012 and $0.5 billion from December 31, 2011. The sequential decrease in DTAs was driven by an approximately $0.2 billion decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income and a $0.5 billion balance sheet adjustment relating to previously acquired foreign net operating losses (as described under "Other" below), with the remainder due to the impact of FX translation.

        Although realization is not assured, Citi believes that the realization of its recognized net DTAs at June 30, 2012 is more likely than not based on expectations as to future taxable income in the jurisdictions in which the DTAs arise and available tax planning strategies as defined in ASC 740, Income Taxes, that could be implemented if necessary to prevent a carryforward from expiring. Realization of the DTAs will continue to be driven in the near term by Citi's generation of U.S. earnings. Citi does not expect significant utilization of its DTAs as a result of normal business operations during the remainder of 2012.

        The following table summarizes Citi's net DTAs balance at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Jurisdiction/Component

        Approximately $11 billion of the net DTAs was included in Citi's Tier 1 Capital and Tier 1 Common Capital as of June 30, 2012.

Other

        In the second quarter of 2012, Citi recorded a balance sheet adjustment to remove a deferred tax asset and a non-tax deferred liability, both of which related to acquired net operating losses of a foreign subsidiary. DTAs were reduced by $0.5 billion and other deferred liabilities were reduced by $0.4 billion, with a net charge to tax expense of $83 million.

        In addition, Citi effected a reorganization of a foreign subsidiary which, in accordance with local foreign tax law, converted a portion of its DTAs to a receivable from the foreign government. This resulted in a net tax benefit to Citi in the second quarter of 2012 of $112 million.

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DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

        Citi's disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, including without limitation that information required to be disclosed by Citi in its SEC filings is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO) as appropriate to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

        Citi's Disclosure Committee assists the CEO and CFO in their responsibilities to design, establish, maintain and evaluate the effectiveness of Citi's disclosure controls and procedures. The Disclosure Committee is responsible for, among other things, the oversight, maintenance and implementation of the disclosure controls and procedures, subject to the supervision and oversight of the CEO and CFO.

        Citi's management, with the participation of its CEO and CFO, has evaluated the effectiveness of Citigroup's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2012 and, based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO have concluded that at that date Citigroup's disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

        Certain statements in this Form 10-Q, including but not limited to statements included within the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the rules and regulations of the SEC. In addition, Citigroup also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the SEC, and its management may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others.

        Generally, forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but instead represent only Citigroup's and its management's beliefs regarding future events. Such statements may be identified by words such as believe, expect, anticipate, intend, estimate, may increase, may fluctuate, and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as will, should, would and could.

        Such statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to uncertainty and changes in circumstances. Actual results and capital and other financial condition may differ materially from those included in these statements due to a variety of factors, including without limitation the precautionary statements included in this Form 10-Q, the factors listed and described under "Risk Factors" in Citi's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K and the additional factors described below:

•

the ongoing potential impact of significant regulatory changes around the world on Citi's businesses, revenues and earnings, and the possibility of additional regulatory requirements beyond those already proposed, adopted or currently contemplated by U.S. or international regulators;



•

the uncertainty around the ongoing implementation of The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act), as well as international efforts, on Citi's ability to manage its businesses, the amount and timing of increased costs, and Citi's ability to compete with U.S. and foreign competitors;



•

Citi's ability to meet prospective new regulatory capital requirements in the timeframe expected by the market or its regulators, the impact the continued lack of certainty surrounding Citi's capital requirements has on Citi's long-term capital planning, and the extent to which Citi will be disadvantaged by capital requirements compared to U.S. and non-U.S. competitors;



•

the impact of the proposed rules relating to the regulation of derivatives under the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as similar proposed international derivatives regulations, on Citi's competitiveness in, and earnings from, these businesses;



•

the impact of the proposed restrictions under the "Volcker Rule" provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act on Citi's market-making activities, the significant compliance costs associated with those proposals, and the potential that Citi could be forced to dispose of certain investments at less than fair value;



•

the potential impact of the newly formed Consumer Financial Protection Bureau on Citi's practices and operations with respect to a number of its U.S. Consumer businesses and the potential significant costs associated with implementing and complying with any new regulatory requirements;

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•

the potential negative impact to Citi of regulatory requirements in the U.S. and other jurisdictions aimed at facilitating the orderly resolution of large financial institutions;



•

Citi's ability to hire and retain highly qualified employees as a result of regulatory requirements regarding compensation practices or otherwise;



•

the impact of existing and potential future regulations on Citi's ability and costs to participate in securitization transactions, as well as the nature and profitability of securitization transactions generally;



•

potential future changes to key accounting standards utilized by Citi and their impact on how Citi records and reports its financial condition and results of operations, including whether Citi would be able to meet any required transition timelines;



•

the potential negative impact the ongoing Eurozone debt crisis could have on Citi's businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, particularly if sovereign debt defaults, significant bank failures or defaults and/or the exit of one or more countries from the European Monetary Union occur;



•

the continued uncertainty relating to the sustainability and pace of economic recovery and their continued effect on Citi's businesses, including without limitation S&B and the U.S. mortgage businesses within Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending;



•

the potential impact of any further downgrade of the U.S. government credit rating, or concerns regarding a potential downgrade, on Citi's businesses, results of operations, capital and funding and liquidity;



•

risks arising from Citi's extensive operations outside the U.S., particularly in emerging markets, including, without limitation, exchange controls, limitations on foreign investments, sociopolitical instability, nationalization, closure of branches or subsidiaries, confiscation of assets, and sovereign volatility, as well as increased compliance and regulatory risks and costs;



•

the impact of external factors, such as market disruptions or negative market perceptions of Citi or the financial services industry generally, on Citi's liquidity and/or costs of funding;



•

the potential negative impact on Citi's funding and liquidity, as well as the results of operations for certain of its businesses, resulting from a reduction in Citi's or its subsidiaries' credit ratings;



•

the potential outcome of the extensive litigation, investigations and inquiries pertaining to Citi's U.S. mortgage-related activities and the impact of any such outcomes on Citi's businesses, business practices, reputation, financial condition or results of operations;



•

the negative impact of the remaining assets in Citi Holdings on Citi's results of operations and Citi's ability to more productively utilize the capital supporting these assets;



•

the potential negative impact to Citi's common stock price and market perception if Citi is unable to increase its common stock dividend or initiate a share repurchase program;



•

Citi's ability to achieve its targeted expense reduction levels as well as ensuring the highest level of productivity of Citi's previous or future investment spending;



•

the potential negative impact on the value of Citi's deferred tax assets (DTAs) if U.S., state or foreign tax rates are reduced, or if other changes are made to the U.S. tax system, such as changes to the tax treatment of foreign business income;



•

the expiration of the active financing income exception on Citi's tax expense;



•

the potential impact to Citi from evolving cybersecurity and other technological risks and attacks, which could result in additional costs, reputational damage, regulatory penalties and financial losses;



•

the accuracy of Citi's assumptions and estimates used to prepare its financial statements and the potential for Citi to experience significant losses if these assumptions or estimates are incorrect;



•

the inability to predict the potential outcome of the extensive legal and regulatory proceedings that Citi is subject to at any given time, and the impact of any such outcomes on Citi's businesses, business practices, reputation, financial condition or results of operations;



•

Citi's inability to maintain the value of the Citi brand;



•

Citi's concentration of risk and the potential ineffectiveness of Citi's risk management processes, including its risk monitoring and risk mitigation techniques;



•

Citi's ability to maintain its various contractual relationships with its partners, including without limitation agreements within its credit card businesses; and



•

what impact, if any, the national mortgage settlement entered into by Citi, other major mortgage servicers, the U.S. government and state attorneys general will have on the behavior of residential mortgage borrowers in general, whether or not their loans are within the scope of the settlement.

        Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of Citigroup speak only as to the date they are made, and Citi does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made.

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME (Unaudited)

Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)

Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries

        The following table presents certain assets of consolidated variable interest entities (VIEs), which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet above. The assets in the table below include only those assets that can be used to settle obligations of consolidated VIEs on the following page, and are in excess of those obligations. Additionally, the assets in the table below include third-party assets of consolidated VIEs only, and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.

Statement continues on the next page.

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CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(Continued)

Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries

        The following table presents certain liabilities of consolidated VIEs, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet above. The liabilities in the table below include third-party liabilities of consolidated VIEs only, and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. The liabilities also exclude amounts where creditors or beneficial interest holders have recourse to the general credit of Citigroup.

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)

Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

Citigroup Inc. and Subsidiaries

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.     BASIS OF PRESENTATION

        The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of June 30, 2012 and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 include the accounts of Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company, Citi or Citigroup). In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation have been reflected. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in Citigroup's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 (2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K) and Citigroup's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012.

        Certain financial information that is normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, but is not required for interim reporting purposes, has been condensed or omitted.

        Management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related footnote disclosures. While management makes its best judgment, actual results could differ from those estimates. Current market conditions increase the risk and complexity of the judgments in these estimates.

        Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior-period's financial statements and notes to conform to the current period's presentation.

        As noted above, the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited.

Principles of Consolidation

        The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Citigroup and its subsidiaries. The Company consolidates subsidiaries in which it holds, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the voting rights or where it exercises control. Entities where the Company holds 20% to 50% of the voting rights and/or has the ability to exercise significant influence, other than investments of designated venture capital subsidiaries or investments accounted for at fair value under the fair value option, are accounted for under the equity method, and the pro rata share of their income (loss) is included in Other revenue. Income from investments in less than 20%-owned companies is recognized when dividends are received. As discussed in more detail in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Citigroup consolidates entities deemed to be variable interest entities when Citigroup is determined to be the primary beneficiary. Gains and losses on the disposition of branches, subsidiaries, affiliates, buildings, and other investments are included in Other revenue.

Significant Accounting Policies

        The Company's accounting policies are fundamental to understanding management's discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition. The Company has identified six policies as being significant because they require management to make subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. These policies relate to Valuations of Financial Instruments, Allowance for Credit Losses, Securitizations, Goodwill, Income Taxes and Litigation Accruals. The Company, in consultation with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors, has reviewed and approved these significant accounting policies, which are further described under "Significant Accounting Policies and Significant Estimates" and Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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ACCOUNTING CHANGES

Presentation of Comprehensive Income

        In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. The ASU requires an entity to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income (OCI) either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. Citigroup has selected the two-statement approach. Under this approach, Citi is required to present components of net income and total net income in the Statement of Income. The Statement of Comprehensive Income follows the Statement of Income and includes the components OCI and a total for OCI, along with a total for comprehensive income. The ASU removed the option of reporting other comprehensive income in the statement of changes in stockholders' equity. This ASU became effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2012 and a Statement of Comprehensive Income is included in these Consolidated Financial Statements.

        Furthermore, under the ASU, an entity would have been required to present on the face of the financial statements reclassification adjustments for items that are reclassified from OCI to net income in the statement(s) where the components of net income and the components of OCI are presented. However, in December 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-12, Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Deferral of the Effective Date for Amendments to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-05, which deferred this requirement.

        In June 2012, the FASB decided to issue an exposure draft that would require new footnote disclosures of items reclassified from accumulated OCI to net income, which adjustments would not be included in either the Statement of Comprehensive Income or the Income Statement. The exposure draft will not propose an effective date. However, the FASB has indicated it intends to make these requirements effective as soon as possible, potentially as early as the fourth quarter of 2012 or the first quarter of 2013.

Credit Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses Disclosures

        In July 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-20, Receivables (Topic 310): Disclosures about Credit Quality of Financing Receivables and Allowance for Credit Losses. The ASU required a greater level of disaggregated information about the allowance for credit losses and the credit quality of financing receivables. The period-end balance disclosure requirements for loans and the allowance for loan losses were effective for reporting periods ending on or after December 15, 2010 and were included in the Company's 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K, while disclosures for activity during a reporting period in the loan and allowance for loan losses accounts were effective for reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2010 and were included in the Company's Forms 10-Q beginning with the first quarter of 2011 (see Notes 12 and 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The troubled debt restructuring disclosure requirements that were part of this ASU became effective in the third quarter of 2011 (see below).

Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs)

        In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-02, Receivables (Topic 310): A Creditor's Determination of whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring, to clarify the guidance for accounting for troubled debt restructurings. The ASU clarified the guidance on a creditor's evaluation of whether it has granted a concession and whether a debtor is experiencing financial difficulties, such as:

•

Any shortfall in contractual loan payments is considered a concession.



•

Creditors cannot assume that debt extensions at or above a borrower's original contractual rate do not constitute troubled debt restructurings because the new contractual rate could still be below the market rate.



•

If a borrower doesn't have access to funds at a market rate for debt with characteristics similar to the restructured debt, that may indicate that the creditor has granted a concession.



•

A borrower that is not currently in default may still be considered to be experiencing financial difficulty when payment default is considered "probable in the foreseeable future."

        Effective in the third quarter of 2011, as a result of the Company's adoption of ASU 2011-02, certain loans modified under short-term programs beginning January 1, 2011 that were previously measured for impairment under ASC 450 are now measured for impairment under ASC 310-10-35. At the end of the first interim period of adoption (September 30, 2011), the recorded investment in receivables previously measured under ASC 450 was $1,170 million and the allowance for credit losses associated with those loans was $467 million. The effect of adopting the ASU was an approximate $60 million reduction in pretax income for the quarter ended September 30, 2011.

Repurchase Agreements—Assessment of Effective Control

        In April 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-03, Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860)—Reconsideration of Effective Control for Repurchase Agreements. The amendments in the ASU remove from the assessment of effective control: (1) the criterion requiring the transferor to have the ability to repurchase or redeem the financial assets on substantially the agreed terms, even in the event of default by the transferee, and (2) the collateral maintenance implementation guidance related to that criterion. Other criteria applicable to the assessment of effective control are not changed by the amendments in the ASU.

        The ASU became effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2012. The guidance has been applied prospectively to transactions or modifications of existing transactions occurring on or after January 1, 2012. The ASU does not have a material effect on the Company's financial statements. A nominal amount of the Company's repurchase transactions that would previously have been accounted for as sales is now accounted for as financing transactions.

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Fair Value Measurement

        In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The ASU created a common definition of fair value for U.S. GAAP and IFRS and aligned the measurement and disclosure requirements. It required significant additional disclosures both of a qualitative and quantitative nature, particularly for those instruments measured at fair value that are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, the ASU provided guidance on when it is appropriate to measure fair value on a portfolio basis and expanded the prohibition on valuation adjustments where the size of the Company's position is a characteristic of the adjustment from Level 1 to all levels of the fair value hierarchy.

        The ASU became effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2012. As a result of implementing the prohibition on valuation adjustments where the size of the Company's position is a characteristic, the Company released reserves of approximately $125 million, increasing pretax income in the first quarter of 2012.

Deferred Asset Acquisition Costs

        In October 2010, the FASB issued ASU No. 2010-26, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts. The ASU amended the guidance for insurance entities that required deferral and subsequent amortization of certain costs incurred during the acquisition of new or renewed insurance contracts, commonly referred to as deferred acquisition costs (DAC). The new guidance limited DAC to those costs directly related to the successful acquisition of insurance contracts; all other acquisition-related costs must be expensed as incurred. Under prior guidance, DAC consisted of those costs that vary with, and primarily relate to, the acquisition of insurance contracts.

        The ASU became effective for Citigroup on January 1, 2012 and was adopted using the retrospective method. As a result of implementing the ASU, DAC was reduced by approximately $165 million and a $58 million deferred tax asset was recorded with an offset to opening retained earnings of $107 million (net of tax).

FUTURE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment

        In July 2012, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2012-02, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment. The ASU is intended to simplify the guidance for testing the decline in the realizable value (impairment) of indefinite-lived intangible assets other than goodwill. Some examples of intangible assets subject to the guidance include indefinite-lived trademarks, licenses and distribution rights. The ASU allows companies to perform a qualitative assessment about the likelihood of impairment of an indefinite-lived intangible asset to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary, similar in approach to the goodwill impairment test.

        The ASU will become effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012. Early adoption is permitted.

Offsetting

        In December 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-11, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. The standard will require new disclosures about certain financial instruments and derivative instruments that are either offset in the balance sheet (presented on a net basis) or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar arrangement. The standard requires disclosures that provide both gross and net information in the notes to the financial statements for relevant assets and liabilities. This ASU does not change the existing offsetting eligibility criteria or the permitted balance sheet presentation for those instruments that meet the eligibility criteria. Citi believes the new disclosure requirements should enhance comparability between those companies that prepare their financial statements on the basis of U.S. GAAP and those that prepare their financial statements in accordance with IFRS. For many financial institutions, the differences in the offsetting requirements between U.S. GAAP and IFRS result in a significant difference in the amounts presented in the balance sheets prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The disclosure standard will become effective for annual and quarterly periods beginning January 1, 2013. The disclosures are required retrospectively for all comparative periods presented.

Potential Amendments to Current Accounting Standards

        The FASB and IASB, either jointly or separately, are currently working on several major projects, including amendments to existing accounting standards governing financial instruments, lease accounting, consolidation and investment companies. As part of the joint financial instruments project, the FASB is proposing sweeping changes to the classification and measurement of financial instruments, impairment and hedging guidance. The FASB is also working on a joint project that would require substantially all leases to be capitalized on the balance sheet. Additionally, the FASB has issued a proposal on principal-agent considerations that would change the way the Company needs to evaluate whether to consolidate VIEs and non-VIE partnerships. Furthermore, the FASB has issued a proposed Accounting Standards Update that would change the criteria used to determine whether an entity is subject to the

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accounting and reporting requirements of an investment company. The principal-agent consolidation proposal would require all VIEs, including those that are investment companies, to be evaluated for consolidation under the same requirements.

        All these projects may have significant impacts for the Company. Upon completion of the standards, the Company will need to re-evaluate its accounting and disclosures. However, due to ongoing deliberations of the standard-setters, the Company is currently unable to determine the effect of future amendments or proposals.

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2.    DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

Sale of Egg Banking PLC Credit Card Business

        On March 1, 2011, the Company announced that Egg Banking plc (Egg), an indirect subsidiary which was part of the Citi Holdings segment, entered into a definitive agreement to sell its credit card business to Barclays PLC. The sale closed on April 28, 2011. An after-tax gain on sale of $126 million was recognized in the second quarter of 2011. Egg operations had total assets and total liabilities of approximately $2.7 billion and $39 million, respectively, at the time of sale.

        Summarized financial information for Discontinued operations, including cash flows, for the credit card operations related to Egg follows:

 

Combined Results for Discontinued Operations

        The following is summarized financial information for the Egg credit card business and previous discontinued operations, for which Citi continues to have minimal residual costs associated with the sales.

Cash flows from discontinued operations

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3.    BUSINESS SEGMENTS

        Citigroup is a diversified bank holding company whose businesses provide a broad range of financial services to Consumer and Corporate customers around the world. The Company's activities are conducted through the Global Consumer Banking (GCB), Institutional Clients Group (ICG), Citi Holdings and Corporate/Other business segments.

        The Global Consumer Banking segment includes a global, full-service Consumer franchise delivering a wide array of banking, credit card lending, and investment services through a network of local branches, offices and electronic delivery systems and is composed of four Regional Consumer Banking (RCB) businesses: North America, EMEA, Latin America and Asia.

        The Company's ICG segment is composed of Securities and Banking and Transaction Services and provides corporations, governments, institutions and investors in approximately 100 countries with a broad range of banking and financial products and services.

        The Citi Holdings segment is composed of Brokerage and Asset Management, Local Consumer Lending and Special Asset Pool.

        Corporate/Other includes net treasury results, unallocated corporate expenses, offsets to certain line-item reclassifications (eliminations), the results of discontinued operations and unallocated taxes.

        The accounting policies of these reportable segments are the same as those disclosed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        The prior-period balances reflect reclassifications to conform the presentation in those periods to the current period's presentation. In the current quarter, those reclassifications related to the transfer of the substantial majority of the Company's retail partner cards business (which Citi now refers to as "Citi retail services") from Citi Holdings—Local Consumer Lending to Citicorp—North America Regional Consumer Banking. Additionally, certain consolidated expenses were re-allocated to the respective businesses receiving the services.

        The following table presents certain information regarding the Company's continuing operations by segment:

 

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4.    INTEREST REVENUE AND EXPENSE

        For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, interest revenue and expense consisted of the following:

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5. COMMISSIONS AND FEES

        The table below sets forth Citigroup's Commissions and fees revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The primary components of Commissions and fees revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 were credit card and bank card fees, investment banking fees and trading-related fees.

        Credit card and bank card fees are primarily composed of interchange revenue and certain card fees, including annual fees, reduced by reward program costs. Interchange revenue and fees are recognized when earned, except for annual card fees which are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period. Reward costs are recognized when points are earned by the customers.

        Investment banking fees are substantially composed of underwriting and advisory revenues. Investment banking fees are recognized when Citigroup's performance under the terms of the contractual arrangements is completed, which is typically at the closing of the transaction. Underwriting revenue is recorded in Commissions and fees net of both reimbursable and non-reimbursable expenses, consistent with the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide for Brokers and Dealers in Securities (codified in ASC 940-605-05-1). Expenses associated with advisory transactions are recorded in Other operating expenses, net of client reimbursements. Out-of-pocket expenses are deferred and recognized at the time the related revenue is recognized. In general, expenses incurred related to investment banking transactions that fail to close (are not consummated) are recorded gross in Other operating expenses.

        Trading-related fees primarily include commissions and fees from the following: executing transactions for clients on exchanges and over-the-counter markets; sale of mutual funds, insurance and other annuity products; and assisting clients in clearing transactions, providing brokerage services and other such activities. Trading-related fees are recognized when earned in Commissions and fees. Gains or losses, if any, on these transactions are included in Principal transactions (see Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

        The following table presents Commissions and fees revenue for the three and six months ended June 30:

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6.    PRINCIPAL TRANSACTIONS

        Principal transactions revenue consists of realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading activities. Trading activities include revenues from fixed income, equities, credit and commodities products, as well as foreign exchange transactions. Not included in the table below is the impact of net interest revenue related to trading activities, which is an integral part of trading activities' profitability. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about net interest revenue related to trading activity. The following table presents principal transactions revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively:

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(1)

Includes revenues from government securities and corporate debt, municipal securities, preferred stock, mortgage securities, and other debt instruments. Also includes spot and forward trading of currencies and exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) currency options, options on fixed income securities, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, swap options, caps and floors, financial futures, OTC options, and forward contracts on fixed income securities.

(2)

Includes revenues from foreign exchange spot, forward, option and swap contracts, as well as FX translation gains and losses.

(3)

Includes revenues from common, preferred and convertible preferred stock, convertible corporate debt, equity-linked notes, and exchange-traded and OTC equity options and warrants.

(4)

Primarily includes revenues from crude oil, refined oil products, natural gas, and other commodities trades.

(5)

Includes revenues from structured credit products.

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7.    INCENTIVE PLANS

        The Company administers award programs involving grants of stock options, restricted or deferred stock awards, deferred cash awards and stock payments. The award programs are used to attract, retain and motivate officers, employees and non-employee directors, to provide incentives for their contributions to the long-term performance and growth of the Company, and to align their interests with those of stockholders. These programs are administered by the Personnel and Compensation Committee of the Citigroup Board of Directors (the Committee), which is composed entirely of independent non-employee directors. All grants of equity awards since April 19, 2005 have been made pursuant to stockholder-approved stock incentive plans.

Stock Award, Stock Option and Deferred Cash Award Programs

        The Company recognized compensation expense related to stock award and stock option programs of $296 million and $394 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively; and $711 million and $769 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively. The Company recognized compensation expense related to deferred cash programs of $58 million and $54 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively; and $135 million and $133 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively.

        For stock awards, compensation expense is generally the fair value of the shares on their grant date amortized over the vesting period of the awards. The Company's primary stock award program is the Capital Accumulation Program (CAP), pursuant to which awards of restricted or deferred stock vest over periods of three or four years. Compensation expense for stock awards to retirement-eligible employees is generally accelerated to the date when the retirement rules are met. If the retirement rules will have been met on or before the expected award date, the entire estimated expense is recognized in the year prior to grant in the same manner as cash incentive compensation is accrued. Certain stock awards with performance conditions or that are subject to the EU clawback provision described below may be subject to variable accounting, pursuant to which the associated charges fluctuate with changes in Citigroup's stock price over the applicable vesting periods. As a result, the total amount that will be recognized as expense on these awards cannot be determined in full until the awards vest.

        For deferred cash awards, compensation expense is generally the value awarded amortized over the vesting period of the awards. For deferred cash awards to retirement-eligible employees, compensation expense is recognized on an accelerated basis in the same manner as for stock awards. Amortized expenses are subject to adjustment to reflect any amounts that are cancelled as a result of a clawback provision or a performance-based vesting condition. If provided, interest on unvested deferred cash awards accrues during the vesting period and is expensed monthly at the applicable rate.

        In a change from prior years, incentive awards in January 2012 to individual employees who are deemed to have influence over the Company's material risks (covered employees) were delivered as a mix of immediate cash bonuses, deferred stock awards under CAP and deferred cash awards. (Previously, annual incentives to these employees were typically awarded as a combination of cash bonus and restricted or deferred stock awards, primarily under CAP.) For covered employees, the minimum percentage of incentive pay required to be deferred was raised from 25% to 40%, with a maximum deferral of 60% for the most highly paid employees. For incentive awards made to covered employees in January 2012 (in respect of 2011 performance), only 50% of the deferred portion was delivered as a stock award under CAP; the other 50% was delivered in the form of a deferred cash award. The 2012 deferred cash awards are subject to performance-based vesting conditions that will result in cancellation of unvested amounts on a formulaic basis if a participant's business experiences losses in any year during the vesting period.

        All CAP and deferred cash awards made in January 2012 provide for a clawback of unvested amounts in specified circumstances, including in the case of employee misconduct or where the awards were based on earnings that were misstated. Except as described below, CAP and deferred cash awards generally vest at a rate of 25% per year over a four-year period, subject to the participant remaining employed during the vesting period or satisfying certain other vesting conditions. Participants in CAP are entitled to receive dividend equivalent payments during the vesting period of their awards. The 2012 deferred cash awards earn notional interest at an annual rate of 3.55%, compounded annually. Accrued interest is paid out whenever the principal award amount vests.

        CAP and deferred cash awards made in January 2012 to "identified staff" in the European Union (EU) have several features that differ from the generally applicable provisions described above. "Identified staff" are those Citigroup employees whose compensation is subject to various banking regulations on sound incentive compensation policies in the EU. CAP and deferred cash awards to these employees are scheduled to vest ratably over three years of service, but vested awards are subject to a six-month sale restriction (in the case of shares) or an additional six-month waiting period (in the case of deferred cash). Deferred incentive awards to identified staff in the EU are subject to cancellation, in the sole discretion of the Committee, if (a) there is reasonable evidence a participant engaged in misconduct or committed material error in connection with his or her employment, or (b) the Company or the employee's business unit suffers a material downturn in its financial performance or a material failure of risk management (the EU clawback). For CAP and deferred cash awards to these employees, the EU clawback is in addition to the clawback provision described above.

Profit Sharing Plan

        The Company recognized $78 million and $97 million of expense related to its Key Employee Profit Sharing Plan for the three months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively; and $152 million and $183 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively.

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Other Incentive Compensation

        Citigroup may at times issue deferred cash awards to new hires in replacement of prior employer's awards or other forfeited compensation. The vesting schedules and terms and conditions of these deferred cash awards may be structured to match the terms of awards or other compensation from a prior employer that was forfeited to accept employment with the Company. The Company recognized $26 million and $26 million of expense related to these plans for the three months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively; and $57 million and $59 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, and June 30, 2011 respectively.

        Additionally, certain subsidiaries or business units of the Company operate and may from time to time introduce other incentive plans for certain employees that have an incentive-based award component.

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8.    RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Pension and Postretirement Plans

        The Company has several non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain U.S. employees and has various defined benefit pension and termination indemnity plans covering employees outside the United States. The U.S. qualified defined benefit plan was frozen effective January 1, 2008, for most employees. Accordingly, no additional compensation-based contributions have been credited to the cash balance portion of the plan for existing plan participants after 2007. However, certain employees covered under the prior final pay plan formula continue to accrue benefits. The Company also offers postretirement health care and life insurance benefits to certain eligible U.S. retired employees, as well as to certain eligible employees outside the United States.

        The following table summarizes the components of net (benefit) expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the Company's U.S. qualified and nonqualified pension plans, postretirement plans and plans outside the United States.

Net (Benefit) Expense

 

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Contributions

        The Company's funding policy for U.S. and non-U.S. pension and postretirement plans is generally to fund to minimum funding requirements in accordance with applicable local laws and regulations. The Company may increase its contributions above the minimum required contribution, if appropriate.

        The following table summarizes the actual cash contributions (including benefits paid directly by the Company) and the expected contributions for the remainder of 2012 for the Company's U.S. qualified and nonqualified pension plans, postretirement plans and plans outside the United States.

Postemployment Plans

        The Company sponsors U.S. postemployment plans that provide income continuation and health and welfare benefits to certain eligible U.S. employees on long-term disability.

        The following table summarizes the components of net expense recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the Company's U.S. postemployment plans.

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9.    EARNINGS PER SHARE

        The following is a reconciliation of the income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) computations for the three and six months ended June 30:

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(1)

All per-share amounts and Citigroup shares outstanding for all periods reflect Citigroup's 1-for-10 reverse stock split which was effective May 6, 2011.

(2)

Due to rounding, earnings per share on continuing operations and discontinued operations may not sum to earnings per share on net income.

        During the second quarters of 2012 and 2011, weighted-average options to purchase 35.8 million and 10.8 million shares of common stock, respectively, were outstanding but not included in the computation of earnings per share because the weighted-average exercise prices of $52.80 and $160.86, respectively, were greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock.

        Warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) and the loss-sharing agreement (all of which were subsequently sold to the public in January 2011), with an exercise price of $178.50 and $106.10 for approximately 21.0 million and 25.5 million shares of common stock, respectively, were not included in the computation of earnings per share in the second quarters of 2012 and 2011, because they were anti-dilutive.

        The final tranche of equity units held by the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) converted into 5.9 million shares of Citigroup common stock during the third quarter of 2011. Equity units held by ADIA of approximately 5.9 million shares were not included in the computation of earnings per share in the second quarter of 2011 because the exercise price of $318.30 was greater than the average market price of the Company's common stock.

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10.    TRADING ACCOUNT ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

        Trading account assets and Trading account liabilities, at fair value, consisted of the following at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

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(1)

The Company invests in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. These securitizations are generally considered VIEs. The Company's maximum exposure to loss from these VIEs is equal to the carrying amount of the securities, which is reflected in the table above. For mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitizations in which the Company has other involvement, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2)

Presented net, pursuant to enforceable master netting agreements. See Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion regarding the accounting and reporting for derivatives.

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11.    INVESTMENTS

Overview

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(1)

Recorded at amortized cost less impairment for securities that have credit-related impairment.

(2)

Unrealized gains and losses for non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value are recognized in earnings. During the second quarter of 2012, the Company sold EMI Music Publishing resulting in a $1.3 billion decrease in non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value.

(3)

Non-marketable equity securities carried at cost primarily consist of shares issued by the Federal Reserve Bank, Federal Home Loan Banks, foreign central banks and various clearing houses of which Citigroup is a member.

Securities Available-for-Sale

        The amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale (AFS) at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were as follows:

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(1)

The Company invests in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. These securitizations are generally considered VIEs. The Company's maximum exposure to loss from these VIEs is equal to the carrying amount of the securities, which is reflected in the table above. For mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitizations in which the Company has other involvement, see Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2)

The unrealized losses on state and municipal debt securities are primarily attributable to the result of yields on taxable fixed income instruments decreasing relatively faster than the general tax-exempt municipal yields and the effects of fair value hedge accounting.

        As discussed in more detail below, the Company conducts and documents periodic reviews of all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate whether the impairment is other than temporary. Any credit-related impairment related to debt securities the Company does not plan to sell and is not likely to be required to sell is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income, with the non-credit-related impairment recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI). For other impaired debt securities, the entire impairment is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

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        The table below shows the fair value of AFS securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

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        The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of AFS debt securities by contractual maturity dates as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        The following table presents interest and dividends on investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

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        The following table presents realized gains and losses on all investments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. The gross realized investment losses exclude losses from other-than-temporary impairment:

Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity

        The carrying value and fair value of debt securities held-to-maturity (HTM) at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were as follows:

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        The Company has the positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity absent any unforeseen further significant changes in circumstances, including deterioration in credit or with regard to regulatory capital requirements.

        The net unrealized losses classified in AOCI relate to debt securities reclassified from AFS investments to HTM investments in a prior year. Additionally, for HTM securities that have suffered credit impairment, declines in fair value for reasons other than credit losses are recorded in AOCI. The AOCI balance was $1.9 billion as of June 30, 2012, compared to $2.3 billion as of December 31, 2011. The AOCI balance for HTM securities is amortized over the remaining life of the related securities as an adjustment of yield in a manner consistent with the accretion of discount on the same debt securities. This will have no impact on the Company's net income because the amortization of the unrealized holding loss reported in equity will offset the effect on interest income of the accretion of the discount on these securities.

        For any credit-related impairment on HTM securities, the credit loss component is recognized in earnings.

        The table below shows the fair value of debt securities in HTM that have been in an unrecognized loss position for less than 12 months or for 12 months or longer as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        Excluded from the gross unrecognized losses presented in the above table are the $1.9 billion and $2.3 billion of gross unrealized losses recorded in AOCI as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, mainly related to the HTM securities that were reclassified from AFS investments. Virtually all of these unrecognized losses relate to securities that have been in a loss position for 12 months or longer at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

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        The following table presents the carrying value and fair value of HTM debt securities by contractual maturity dates as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

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Evaluating Investments for Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

Overview

        The Company conducts and documents periodic reviews of all securities with unrealized losses to evaluate whether the impairment is other than temporary.

        An unrealized loss exists when the current fair value of an individual security is less than its amortized cost basis. Unrealized losses that are determined to be temporary in nature are recorded, net of tax, in AOCI for AFS securities, while such losses related to HTM securities are not recorded, as these investments are carried at their amortized cost. For securities transferred to HTM from Trading account assets, amortized cost is defined as the fair value of the securities at the date of transfer, plus any accretion income and less any impairment recognized in earnings subsequent to transfer. For securities transferred to HTM from AFS, amortized cost is defined as the original purchase cost, plus or minus any accretion or amortization of a purchase discount or premium, less any impairment recognized in earnings.

        Regardless of the classification of the securities as AFS or HTM, the Company has assessed each position with an unrealized loss for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include:

•

the length of time and the extent to which fair value has been below cost;



•

the severity of the impairment;



•

the cause of the impairment and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer;



•

activity in the market of the issuer that may indicate adverse credit conditions; and



•

the Company's ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery.

        The Company's review for impairment generally entails:

•

identification and evaluation of investments that have indications of possible impairment;



•

analysis of individual investments that have fair values less than amortized cost, including consideration of the length of time the investment has been in an unrealized loss position and the expected recovery period;



•

discussion of evidential matter, including an evaluation of factors or triggers that could cause individual investments to qualify as having other-than-temporary impairment and those that would not support other-than-temporary impairment; and



•

documentation of the results of these analyses, as required under business policies.

Debt

        Under the guidance for debt securities, other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) is recognized in earnings for debt securities that the Company has an intent to sell or that the Company believes it is more-likely-than-not that it will be required to sell prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. For those securities that the Company does not intend to sell or expect to be required to sell, credit-related impairment is recognized in earnings, with the non-credit-related impairment recorded in AOCI.

        For debt securities that are not deemed to be credit impaired, management assesses whether it intends to sell or whether it is more-likely-than-not that it would be required to sell the investment before the expected recovery of the amortized cost basis. In most cases, management has asserted that it has no intent to sell and that it believes it is not likely to be required to sell the investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Where such an assertion cannot be made, the security's decline in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary and is recorded in earnings.

        For debt securities, a critical component of the evaluation for OTTI is the identification of credit impaired securities, where management does not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. For securities purchased and classified as AFS with the expectation of receiving full principal and interest cash flows as of the date of purchase, this analysis considers the likelihood of receiving all contractual principal and interest. For securities reclassified out of the trading category in the fourth quarter of 2008, the analysis considers the likelihood of receiving the expected principal and interest cash flows anticipated as of the date of reclassification in the fourth quarter of 2008. The extent of the Company's analysis regarding credit quality and the stress on assumptions used in the analysis has been refined for securities where the current fair value or other characteristics of the security warrant.

Equity

        For equity securities, management considers the various factors described above, including its intent and ability to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient for recovery to cost or whether it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will be required to sell the security prior to recovery of its cost basis. Where management lacks that intent or ability, the security's decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary and is recorded in earnings. AFS equity securities deemed other-than-temporarily impaired are written down to fair value, with the full difference between fair value and cost recognized in earnings.

        Management assesses equity method investments with fair value less than carrying value for OTTI. Fair value is measured as price multiplied by quantity if the investee has publicly listed securities. If the investee is not publicly listed, other methods are used (see Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

        For impaired equity method investments that Citi plans to sell prior to recovery of value, or would likely be required to sell and there is no expectation that the fair value will recover prior to the expected sale date, the full impairment is recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income as OTTI regardless of severity and duration. The measurement of the OTTI does not include partial projected recoveries subsequent to the balance sheet date.

        For impaired equity method investments that management does not plan to sell prior to recovery of value and is not likely to be required to sell, the evaluation of whether an impairment is

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other than temporary is based on (i) whether and when an equity method investment will recover in value and (ii) whether the investor has the intent and ability to hold that investment for a period of time sufficient to recover the value. The determination of whether the impairment is considered other than temporary is based on all of the following indicators, regardless of the time and extent of impairment:

•

Cause of the impairment and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, including any specific events that may influence the operations of the issuer;



•

Intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in market value; and



•

Length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than the carrying value.

        The sections below describe current circumstances related to certain significant equity method investments, specific impairments and the Company's process for identifying credit-related impairments in its security types with the most significant unrealized losses as of June 30, 2012.

Akbank

        As previously announced on March 23, 2012, Citi decided to reduce its ownership interest in Akbank T.A.S., an equity investment in Turkey (Akbank), to below 10%. As of March 31, 2012, Citi held a 20% equity interest in Akbank, which it purchased in January 2007, accounted for as an equity method investment. As a result of its decision to sell its share holdings in Akbank, in the first quarter of 2012 Citi recorded an impairment charge related to its total investment in Akbank amounting to approximately $1.2 billion pretax ($763 million after-tax). This impairment charge was primarily driven by the recognition of all respective net investment foreign currency hedging and translation losses previously reflected in AOCI as well as a reduction in carrying value of the investment to reflect the market price of Akbank's shares. The impairment charge was recorded in other-than-temporary impairment losses on investments in the Consolidated Statement of Income. During the second quarter of 2012, Citi sold a 10.1% stake in Akbank, resulting in a loss on sale of $424 million ($274 million after tax), recorded within other revenue. The remaining 9.9% stake in Akbank is recorded within marketable equity securities available-for-sale.

MSSB JV

        As of June 30, 2012, Citi has a 49% interest in the Morgan Stanley Smith Barney joint venture (MSSB JV), with Morgan Stanley holding the remaining 51% interest. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of the MSSB JV, dated May 31, 2009 (the JV Agreement), Morgan Stanley has the right to exercise options over time to purchase Citigroup Inc.'s 49% interest in the MSSB JV. On June 1, 2012, Morgan Stanley exercised its initial option for the purchase from Citi of an additional 14% interest in the MSSB JV (14% Interest). As provided pursuant to the JV Agreement, the purchase price for the 14% Interest is to be determined pursuant to an appraisal process which includes the exchange between Morgan Stanley and Citi of each respective firm's fair market valuation (as defined under the provisions of the JV Agreement) of the full MSSB JV and if the two firms' valuations differ by more than 10%, a third-party appraisal process.

        Pursuant to the JV Agreement, Citi and Morgan Stanley exchanged their respective fair market valuations for the full MSSB JV on July 16, 2012. Citi's fair market valuation of the full MSSB JV reflected a value for Citi's 49% interest in the MSSB JV that slightly exceeded Citi's carrying value of approximately $11 billion for that 49% interest as of June 30, 2012, and thus there was no impairment as of June 30, 2012. Citi's carrying value increased from March 31, 2012 as additional activities and assets were transferred to MSSB JV during the second quarter of 2012, pursuant to the terms of the JV Agreement.

        Morgan Stanley's valuation for the full MSSB JV reflected a value that was approximately 40% of Citi's fair market valuation for the full MSSB JV.

        Because the two firms were more than 10% apart, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV, and thus the purchase price for the 14% Interest, will be determined by a third-party appraiser. Pursuant to the terms of the JV Agreement, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be determined as follows: (i) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the middle third of the range established by Citi and Morgan Stanley's valuations, the fair market valuation determined by the third-party appraiser will be the valuation of the full MSSB JV; (ii) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the top third of the range, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be the average of the third-party appraiser's value and Citi's valuation; and (iii) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the bottom third of the range, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be the average of the third-party appraiser's value and Morgan Stanley's valuation. The third-party appraisal process is to be concluded by August 30, 2012, with the closing of the sale of the 14% Interest to occur by September 7, 2012.

        Given the wide disparity between the two firms' valuations, depending on the ultimate fair market value determined by the third party appraisal, Citi could have a significant non-cash charge to its net income in the third quarter of 2012, representing other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of its 49% interest in the MSSB JV.

Mortgage-backed securities

        For U.S. mortgage-backed securities (and in particular for Alt-A and other mortgage-backed securities that have significant unrealized losses as a percentage of amortized cost), credit impairment is assessed using a cash flow model that estimates the cash flows on the underlying mortgages, using the security-specific collateral and transaction structure. The model estimates cash flows from the underlying mortgage loans and distributes those cash flows to various tranches of securities, considering the transaction structure and any subordination and credit enhancements that exist in that structure. The cash flow model incorporates actual cash flows on the mortgage-backed securities through the current period and then projects the remaining cash flows using a number of assumptions, including default rates, prepayment rates and recovery rates (on foreclosed properties).

        Management develops specific assumptions using as much market data as possible and includes internal estimates as well as estimates published by rating agencies and other third-party sources. Default rates are projected by considering current

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underlying mortgage loan performance, generally assuming the default of (1) 10% of current loans, (2) 25% of 30-59 day delinquent loans, (3) 70% of 60-90 day delinquent loans and (4) 100% of 91+ day delinquent loans. These estimates are extrapolated along a default timing curve to estimate the total lifetime pool default rate. Other assumptions used contemplate the actual collateral attributes, including geographic concentrations, rating agency loss projections, rating actions and current market prices.

        The key assumptions for mortgage-backed securities as of June 30, 2012 are in the table below:

        In addition, cash flow projections are developed using more stressful parameters. Management assesses the results of those stress tests (including the severity of any cash shortfall indicated and the likelihood of the stress scenarios actually occurring based on the underlying pool's characteristics and performance) to assess whether management expects to recover the amortized cost basis of the security. If cash flow projections indicate that the Company does not expect to recover its amortized cost basis, the Company recognizes the estimated credit loss in earnings.

State and municipal securities

        Citigroup's AFS state and municipal bonds consist mainly of bonds that are financed through Tender Option Bond programs or were previously financed in this program. The process for identifying credit impairments for these bonds is largely based on third-party credit ratings. Individual bond positions are required to meet minimum ratings requirements, which vary based on the sector of the bond issuer.

        Citigroup monitors the bond issuer and insurer ratings on a daily basis. The average portfolio rating, ignoring any insurance, is Aa3/AA-. In the event of a downgrade of the bond below Aa3/AA-, the subject bond is specifically reviewed for potential shortfall in contractual principal and interest. The remainder of Citigroup's AFS and HTM state and municipal bonds are specifically reviewed for credit impairment based on instrument-specific estimates of cash flows, probability of default and loss given default.

        For impaired AFS state and municipal bonds that Citi plans to sell, or would likely be required to sell and there is no expectation that the fair value will recover prior to the expected sale date, the full impairment is recognized in earnings.

Recognition and Measurement of OTTI

        The following table presents the total OTTI recognized in earnings during the three and six months ended June 30, 2012:

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        The following is a three month roll-forward of the credit-related impairments recognized in earnings for AFS and HTM debt securities held as of June 30, 2012 that the Company does not intend to sell nor will likely be required to sell:

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        The following is a six month roll-forward of the credit-related impairments recognized in earnings for AFS and HTM debt securities held as of June 30, 2012 that the Company does not intend to sell nor will likely be required to sell:

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Investments in Alternative Investment Funds that Calculate Net Asset Value per Share

        The Company holds investments in certain alternative investment funds that calculate net asset value (NAV) per share, including hedge funds, private equity funds, funds of funds and real estate funds. The Company's investments include co-investments in funds that are managed by the Company and investments in funds that are managed by third parties. Investments in funds are generally classified as non-marketable equity securities carried at fair value.

        The fair values of these investments are estimated using the NAV per share of the Company's ownership interest in the funds, where it is not probable that the Company will sell an investment at a price other than NAV.

        Under The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act), the Company will be required to limit its investments in and arrangements with "private equity funds" and "hedge funds" as defined under the statute and impending regulations. Citi does not believe the implementation of the fund provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act will have a material negative impact on its overall results of operations.

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12.    LOANS

        Citigroup loans are reported in two categories—Consumer and Corporate. These categories are classified primarily according to the segment and subsegment that manages the loans.

Consumer Loans

        Consumer loans represent loans and leases managed primarily by the Global Consumer Banking and Local Consumer Lending businesses. The following table provides information by loan type:

        Included in the loan table above are lending products whose terms may give rise to additional credit issues. Credit cards with below-market introductory interest rates and interest-only loans are examples of such products. However, these products are closely managed using appropriate credit techniques that are intended to mitigate their additional inherent risk.

        During the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company sold and/or reclassified (to held-for-sale) $0.8 billion and $10.9 billion, and $1.4 billion and $17.8 billion, respectively, of Consumer loans. The Company did not have significant purchases of Consumer loans during the six months ended June 30, 2012 or June 30, 2011.

        Citigroup has established a risk management process to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks associated with its Consumer loan portfolio. Credit quality indicators that are actively monitored include delinquency status, consumer credit scores (FICO), and loan to value (LTV) ratios, each as discussed in more detail below.

Delinquency Status

        Delinquency status is carefully monitored and considered a key indicator of credit quality. Substantially all of the U.S. residential first mortgage loans use the MBA method of reporting delinquencies, which considers a loan delinquent if a monthly payment has not been received by the end of the day immediately preceding the loan's next due date. All other loans use the OTS method of reporting delinquencies, which considers a loan delinquent if a monthly payment has not been received by the close of business on the loan's next due date.

        As a general rule, residential first mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans are classified as non-accrual when loan payments are 90 days contractually past due. Credit cards and unsecured revolving loans generally accrue interest until payments are 180 days past due. Commercial market loans are placed on a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal is 90 days past due.

        The policy for re-aging modified U.S. Consumer loans to current status varies by product. Generally, one of the conditions to qualify for these modifications is that a minimum number of payments (typically ranging from one to three) be made. Upon modification, the loan is re-aged to current status. However, re-aging practices for certain open-ended Consumer loans, such as credit cards, are governed by Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) guidelines. For open-ended Consumer loans subject to FFIEC guidelines, one of the conditions for the loan to be re-aged to current status is that at least three consecutive minimum monthly payments, or the equivalent amount, must be received. In addition, under FFIEC guidelines, the number of times that such a loan can be re-aged is subject to limitations (generally once in 12 months and twice in five years). Furthermore, Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) loans are modified under those respective agencies' guidelines, and payments are not always required in order to re-age a modified loan to current.

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        The following tables provide details on Citigroup's Consumer loan delinquency and non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Consumer Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at June 30, 2012

Consumer Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at December 31, 2011

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Consumer Credit Scores (FICO)

        In the U.S., independent credit agencies rate an individual's risk for assuming debt based on the individual's credit history and assign every consumer a "FICO" credit score. These scores are continually updated by the agencies based upon an individual's credit actions (e.g., taking out a loan or missed or late payments).

        The following table provides details on the FICO scores attributable to Citi's U.S. Consumer loan portfolio as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (commercial market loans are not included in the table since they are business-based and FICO scores are not a primary driver in their credit evaluation). FICO scores are updated monthly for substantially all of the portfolio or, otherwise, on a quarterly basis.

Loan to Value Ratios (LTV)

        Loan to value (LTV) ratios (loan balance divided by appraised value) are calculated at origination and updated by applying market price data.

        The following tables provide details on the LTV ratios attributable to Citi's U.S. Consumer mortgage portfolios as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. LTV ratios are updated monthly using the most recent Core Logic HPI data available for substantially all of the portfolio applied at the Metropolitan Statistical Area level, if available; otherwise, at the state level. The remainder of the portfolio is updated in a similar manner using the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight indices.

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Impaired Consumer Loans

        Impaired loans are those for which Citigroup believes it is probable that it will not collect all amounts due according to the original contractual terms of the loan. Impaired Consumer loans include non-accrual commercial market loans as well as smaller-balance homogeneous loans whose terms have been modified due to the borrower's financial difficulties and Citigroup has granted a concession to the borrower. These modifications may include interest rate reductions and/or principal forgiveness. Impaired Consumer loans exclude smaller-balance homogeneous loans that have not been modified and are carried on a non-accrual basis. In addition, impaired Consumer loans exclude substantially all loans modified pursuant to Citi's short-term modification programs (i.e., for periods of 12 months or less) that were modified prior to January 1, 2011.

        Effective in the third quarter of 2011, as a result of Citi's adoption of ASU 2011-02, certain loans modified under short-term programs beginning January 1, 2011 that were previously measured for impairment under ASC 450 are now measured for impairment under ASC 310-10-35. At the end of the first interim period of adoption (September 30, 2011), the recorded investment in receivables previously measured under ASC 450 was $1,170 million and the allowance for credit losses associated with those loans was $467 million. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of this change.

        The following tables present information about total impaired Consumer loans at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011 for interest income recognized on impaired Consumer loans:

Impaired Consumer Loans

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Consumer Troubled Debt Restructurings

        The following tables present TDRs occurring during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

Three months ended June 30, 2012:

Three months ended June 30, 2011:

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Six months ended June 30, 2012:

Six months ended June 30, 2011:

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        The following table presents TDR loans that defaulted during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification.

Corporate Loans

        Corporate loans represent loans and leases managed by the Institutional Clients Group or the Special Asset Pool in Citi Holdings. The following table presents information by Corporate loan type as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        The Company sold and/or reclassified (to held-for-sale) $1,639 million and $714 million of Corporate loans during the six and three months ended June 30, 2012, respectively, and $3,718 million and $1,574 million during the six and three months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. The Company did not have significant purchases of Corporate loans classified as held-for-investment during the six and three months ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011.

        Corporate loans are identified as impaired and placed on a cash (non-accrual) basis when it is determined, based on actual experience and a forward-looking assessment of the collectability of the loan in full, that the payment of interest or principal is doubtful or when interest or principal is 90 days past due, except when the loan is well collateralized and in the process of collection. Any interest accrued on impaired Corporate loans and leases is reversed at 90 days and charged against current earnings, and interest is thereafter included in earnings only to the extent actually received in cash. When there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectability of principal, all cash receipts are thereafter applied to reduce the recorded investment in the loan. While Corporate loans are generally managed based on their internally assigned risk rating (see further discussion below), the following tables present delinquency information by Corporate loan type as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

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Corporate Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at June 30, 2012

Corporate Loan Delinquency and Non-Accrual Details at December 31, 2011

        Citigroup has established a risk management process to monitor, evaluate and manage the principal risks associated with its Corporate loan portfolio. As part of its risk management process, Citi assigns numeric risk ratings to its Corporate loan facilities based on quantitative and qualitative assessments of the obligor and facility. These risk ratings are reviewed at least annually or more often if material events related to the obligor or facility warrant. Factors considered in assigning the risk ratings include: financial condition of the obligor, qualitative assessment of management and strategy, amount and sources of repayment, amount and type of collateral and guarantee arrangements, amount and type of any contingencies associated with the obligor, and the obligor's industry and geography.

        The obligor risk ratings are defined by ranges of default probabilities. The facility risk ratings are defined by ranges of loss norms, which are the product of the probability of default and the loss given default. The investment grade rating categories are similar to the category BBB-/Baa3 and above as defined by S&P and Moody's. Loans classified according to the bank regulatory definitions as special mention, substandard and doubtful will have risk ratings within the non-investment grade categories.

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Corporate Loans Credit Quality Indicators at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011

        Corporate loans and leases identified as impaired and placed on non-accrual status are written down to the extent that principal is judged to be uncollectible. Impaired collateral-dependent loans and leases, where repayment is expected to be provided solely by the sale of the underlying collateral and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment, are written down to the lower of cost or collateral value, less cost to sell. Cash-basis loans are returned to an accrual status when all contractual principal and interest amounts are reasonably assured of repayment and there is a sustained period of repayment performance, generally six months, in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.

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        The following tables present non-accrual loan information by Corporate loan type at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and interest income recognized on non-accrual Corporate loans for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively:

Non-Accrual Corporate Loans

 

 

 

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Corporate Troubled Debt Restructurings

        The following tables provide details on TDR activity and default information as of and for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.

        The following table presents TDRs occurring during the three-month period ended June 30, 2012.

        The following table presents TDRs occurring during the three-month period ended June 30, 2011.

        The following table presents TDRs occurring during the six-month period ended June 30, 2012.

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        The following table presents TDRs occurring during the six-month period ended June 30, 2011.

        The following table presents total corporate loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring at June 30, 2012 and 2011, as well as those TDRs that defaulted during the three and six months of 2012 and 2011, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification.

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13.    ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Allowance for Credit Losses and Investment in Loans

 

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14.    GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

        The changes in Goodwill during the first six months of 2012 were as follows:

        Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at the reporting unit level and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. During the first six months of 2012, no goodwill was written off due to impairment.

        As of January 1, 2012, the majority of the businesses previously included within the Local Consumer Lending (LCL)—Cards reporting unit were transferred out of that reporting unit, primarily to North America—RCB. Additionally, certain businesses within Brokerage and Asset Management were transferred to Latin America RCB. Goodwill affected by the reorganization has been reassigned from LCL—Cards and Brokerage and Asset Management to those reporting units that received businesses using a relative fair value approach. Since January 1, 2012, goodwill is allocated to disposals and tested for impairment under the new reporting units. An interim goodwill impairment test was performed on the impacted reporting units as of January 1, 2012, resulting in no impairment. There were no other triggering events present during the first and second quarter of 2012 and therefore no additional interim goodwill impairment tests were performed.

        The following table shows reporting units with goodwill balances as of June 30, 2012.

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Intangible Assets

        As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the components of intangible assets were as follows:

        The changes in intangible assets during the first six months of 2012 were as follows:

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15.    DEBT

Short-Term Borrowings

        Short-term borrowings consist of commercial paper and other borrowings with weighted average interest rates at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 as follows:

        Borrowings under bank lines of credit may be at interest rates based on LIBOR, CD rates, the prime rate, or bids submitted by the banks. Citigroup pays commitment fees for its lines of credit.

        Some of Citigroup's non-bank subsidiaries have credit facilities with Citigroup's subsidiary depository institutions, including Citibank, N.A. Borrowings under these facilities are secured in accordance with Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act.

        Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (CGMHI) has substantial borrowing agreements consisting of facilities that CGMHI has been advised are available, but where no contractual lending obligation exists. These arrangements are reviewed on an ongoing basis to ensure flexibility in meeting CGMHI's short-term requirements.

Long-Term Debt

        CGMHI has committed long-term financing facilities with unaffiliated banks. At June 30, 2012, CGMHI had drawn down the full $700 million available under these facilities, of which $150 million is guaranteed by Citigroup. Generally, a bank can terminate these facilities by giving CGMHI one-year prior notice.

        Long-term debt outstanding includes trust preferred securities with a balance sheet carrying value of $16,036 million and $16,057 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The Company formed statutory business trusts under the laws of the State of Delaware. The trusts exist for the exclusive purposes of (i) issuing trust preferred securities representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the trust; (ii) investing the gross proceeds of the trust preferred securities in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (subordinated debentures) of its parent; and (iii) engaging in only those activities necessary or incidental thereto. Generally, upon receipt of certain regulatory approvals, Citigroup has the right to redeem these securities.

        During the second quarter of 2012, Citi announced the redemption of two series of its trust preferred securities (Citigroup Capital XII and XXI), which closed on July 18, 2012. Citi also has announced the redemption of Citigroup Capital XIX, which is to be redeemed on August 15, 2012.

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        The following table summarizes the financial structure of each of the subsidiary trusts issuing these trust preferred securities as of June 30, 2012:

        In each case, the coupon rate on the debentures is the same as that on the trust preferred securities. Distributions on the trust preferred securities and interest on the debentures are payable quarterly, except for Citigroup Capital III, Citigroup Capital XVIII and Citigroup Capital XXI on which distributions are payable semiannually.

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16.    CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

        Changes in each component of Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

 

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17.    SECURITIZATIONS AND VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

Uses of SPEs

        A special purpose entity (SPE) is an entity designed to fulfill a specific limited need of the company that organized it. The principal uses of SPEs are to obtain liquidity and favorable capital treatment by securitizing certain of Citigroup's financial assets, to assist clients in securitizing their financial assets and to create investment products for clients. SPEs may be organized in many legal forms including trusts, partnerships or corporations. In a securitization, the company transferring assets to an SPE converts all (or a portion) of those assets into cash before they would have been realized in the normal course of business through the SPE's issuance of debt and equity instruments, certificates, commercial paper and other notes of indebtedness, which are recorded on the balance sheet of the SPE and not reflected in the transferring company's balance sheet, assuming applicable accounting requirements are satisfied.

        Investors usually have recourse to the assets in the SPE and often benefit from other credit enhancements, such as a collateral account or over-collateralization in the form of excess assets in the SPE, a line of credit, or from a liquidity facility, such as a liquidity put option or asset purchase agreement. The SPE can typically obtain a more favorable credit rating from rating agencies than the transferor could obtain for its own debt issuances, resulting in less expensive financing costs than unsecured debt. The SPE may also enter into derivative contracts in order to convert the yield or currency of the underlying assets to match the needs of the SPE investors or to limit or change the credit risk of the SPE. Citigroup may be the provider of certain credit enhancements as well as the counterparty to any related derivative contracts.

        Most of Citigroup's SPEs are variable interest entities (VIEs), as described below.

Variable Interest Entities

        VIEs are entities that have either a total equity investment that is insufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, or whose equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest (i.e., ability to make significant decisions through voting rights, and right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity or obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity). Investors that finance the VIE through debt or equity interests or other counterparties that provide other forms of support, such as guarantees, subordinated fee arrangements, or certain types of derivative contracts, are variable interest holders in the entity.

        The variable interest holder, if any, that has a controlling financial interest in a VIE is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and must consolidate the VIE. Citigroup would be deemed to have a controlling financial interest and be the primary beneficiary if it has both of the following characteristics:

•

power to direct activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance; and



•

obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE or right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

        The Company must evaluate its involvement in each VIE and understand the purpose and design of the entity, the role the Company had in the entity's design, and its involvement in the VIE's ongoing activities. The Company then must evaluate which activities most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and who has the power to direct such activities.

        For those VIEs where the Company determines that it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance, the Company then must evaluate its economic interests, if any, and determine whether it could absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. When evaluating whether the Company has an obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant, it considers the maximum exposure to such loss without consideration of probability. Such obligations could be in various forms, including but not limited to, debt and equity investments, guarantees, liquidity agreements, and certain derivative contracts.

        In various other transactions, the Company may act as a derivative counterparty (for example, interest rate swap, cross-currency swap, or purchaser of credit protection under a credit default swap or total return swap where the Company pays the total return on certain assets to the SPE); may act as underwriter or placement agent; may provide administrative, trustee or other services; or may make a market in debt securities or other instruments issued by VIEs. The Company generally considers such involvement, by itself, not to be variable interests and thus not an indicator of power or potentially significant benefits or losses.

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        Citigroup's involvement with consolidated and unconsolidated VIEs with which the Company holds significant variable interests or has continuing involvement through servicing a majority of the assets in a VIE as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 is presented below:

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(1)

The definition of maximum exposure to loss is included in the text that follows this table.

(2)

Included in Citigroup's December 31, 2011 Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3)

Not included in Citigroup's December 31, 2011 Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(4)

A significant unconsolidated VIE is an entity where the Company has any variable interest considered to be significant, regardless of the likelihood of loss or the notional amount of exposure.

(5)

Citicorp mortgage securitizations also include agency and non-agency (private-label) re-securitization activities. These SPEs are not consolidated. See "Re-Securitizations" below for further discussion.

Reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation.

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        The previous tables do not include:

•

certain venture capital investments made by some of the Company's private equity subsidiaries, as the Company accounts for these investments in accordance with the Investment Company Audit Guide;



•

certain limited partnerships that are investment funds that qualify for the deferral from the requirements of ASC 810 where the Company is the general partner and the limited partners have the right to replace the general partner or liquidate the funds;



•

certain investment funds for which the Company provides investment management services and personal estate trusts for which the Company provides administrative, trustee and/or investment management services;



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VIEs structured by third parties where the Company holds securities in inventory, as these investments are made on arm's-length terms;



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certain positions in mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities held by the Company, which are classified as Trading account assets or Investments, where the Company has no other involvement with the related securitization entity deemed to be significant (for more information on these positions, see Notes 10 and 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements);



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certain representations and warranties exposures in legacy Securities and Banking-sponsored mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitizations, where the Company has no variable interest or continuing involvement as servicer. The outstanding balance of mortgage loans securitized during 2005 to 2008 where the Company has no variable interest or continuing involvement as servicer was approximately $20 billion at June 30, 2012; and



•

certain representations and warranties exposures in Citigroup residential mortgage securitizations, where the original mortgage loan balances are no longer outstanding.

        The asset balances for consolidated VIEs represent the carrying amounts of the assets consolidated by the Company. The carrying amount may represent the amortized cost or the current fair value of the assets depending on the legal form of the asset (e.g., security or loan) and the Company's standard accounting policies for the asset type and line of business.

        The asset balances for unconsolidated VIEs where the Company has significant involvement represent the most current information available to the Company. In most cases, the asset balances represent an amortized cost basis without regard to impairments in fair value, unless fair value information is readily available to the Company. For VIEs that obtain asset exposures synthetically through derivative instruments (for example, synthetic CDOs), the tables generally include the full original notional amount of the derivative as an asset balance.

        The maximum funded exposure represents the balance sheet carrying amount of the Company's investment in the VIE. It reflects the initial amount of cash invested in the VIE adjusted for any accrued interest and cash principal payments received. The carrying amount may also be adjusted for increases or declines in fair value or any impairment in value recognized in earnings. The maximum exposure of unfunded positions represents the remaining undrawn committed amount, including liquidity and credit facilities provided by the Company, or the notional amount of a derivative instrument considered to be a variable interest. In certain transactions, the Company has entered into derivative instruments or other arrangements that are not considered variable interests in the VIE (e.g., interest rate swaps, cross-currency swaps, or where the Company is the purchaser of credit protection under a credit default swap or total return swap where the Company pays the total return on certain assets to the SPE). Receivables under such arrangements are not included in the maximum exposure amounts.

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Funding Commitments for Significant Unconsolidated VIEs—Liquidity Facilities and Loan Commitments

        The following table presents the notional amount of liquidity facilities and loan commitments that are classified as funding commitments in the VIE tables above as of June 30, 2012:

Citicorp and Citi Holdings Consolidated VIEs

        The Company engages in on-balance-sheet securitizations which are securitizations that do not qualify for sales treatment; thus, the assets remain on the Company's balance sheet. The consolidated VIEs included in the tables below represent hundreds of separate entities with which the Company is involved. In general, the third-party investors in the obligations of consolidated VIEs have legal recourse only to the assets of the VIEs and do not have such recourse to the Company, except where the Company has provided a guarantee to the investors or is the counterparty to certain derivative transactions involving the VIE. In addition, the assets are generally restricted only to pay such liabilities.

        Thus, the Company's maximum legal exposure to loss related to consolidated VIEs is significantly less than the carrying value of the consolidated VIE assets due to outstanding third-party financing. Intercompany assets and liabilities are excluded from the table. All assets are restricted from being sold or pledged as collateral. The cash flows from these assets are the only source used to pay down the associated liabilities, which are non-recourse to the Company's general assets.

        The following table presents the carrying amounts and classifications of consolidated assets that are collateral for consolidated VIE and SPE obligations:

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Citicorp and Citi Holdings Significant Variable Interests in Unconsolidated VIEs—Balance Sheet Classification

        The following table presents the carrying amounts and classification of significant variable interests in unconsolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Credit Card Securitizations

        The Company securitizes credit card receivables through trusts that are established to purchase the receivables. Citigroup transfers receivables into the trusts on a non-recourse basis. Credit card securitizations are revolving securitizations; that is, as customers pay their credit card balances, the cash proceeds are used to purchase new receivables and replenish the receivables in the trust.

        Since the adoption of SFAS 167 on January 1, 2010, the trusts are treated as consolidated entities, because, as servicer, Citigroup has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts and also holds a seller's interest and certain securities issued by the trusts, and provides liquidity facilities to the trusts, which could result in potentially significant losses or benefits from the trusts. Accordingly, the transferred credit card receivables are required to remain on the Consolidated Balance Sheet with no gain or loss recognized. The debt issued by the trusts to third parties is included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

        The Company relies on securitizations to fund a significant portion of its credit card businesses in North America. The following table reflects amounts related to the Company's securitized credit card receivables:

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Credit Card Securitizations—Citicorp

        The following table summarizes selected cash flow information related to Citicorp's credit card securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

 

Credit Card Securitizations—Citi Holdings

        The following table summarizes selected cash flow information related to Citi Holdings' credit card securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

 

Managed Loans

        After securitization of credit card receivables, the Company continues to maintain credit card customer account relationships and provides servicing for receivables transferred to the trusts. As a result, the Company considers the securitized credit card receivables to be part of the business it manages. As Citigroup consolidates the credit card trusts, all managed securitized card receivables are on-balance sheet.

Funding, Liquidity Facilities and Subordinated Interests

        Citigroup securitizes credit card receivables through two securitization trusts—Citibank Credit Card Master Trust (Master Trust), which is part of Citicorp, and the Citibank OMNI Master Trust (Omni Trust), which is substantially part of Citicorp as of June 30, 2012. The liabilities of the trusts are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, excluding those retained by Citigroup.

        Master Trust issues fixed- and floating-rate term notes. Some of the term notes are issued to multi-seller commercial paper conduits. The weighted average maturity of the term notes issued by the Master Trust was 3.3 years as of June 30, 2012 and 3.1 years as of December 31, 2011.

Master Trust Liabilities (at par value)

        The Omni Trust issues fixed- and floating-rate term notes, some of which are purchased by multi-seller commercial paper conduits. The weighted average maturity of the third-party term notes issued by the Omni Trust was 1.8 years as of June 30, 2012 and 1.5 years as of December 31, 2011.

Omni Trust Liabilities (at par value)

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Mortgage Securitizations

        The Company provides a wide range of mortgage loan products to a diverse customer base. Once originated, the Company often securitizes these loans through the use of SPEs. These SPEs are funded through the issuance of trust certificates backed solely by the transferred assets. These certificates have the same average life as the transferred assets. In addition to providing a source of liquidity and less expensive funding, securitizing these assets also reduces the Company's credit exposure to the borrowers. These mortgage loan securitizations are primarily non-recourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchasers of the securities issued by the trust. However, the Company's Consumer business generally retains the servicing rights and in certain instances retains investment securities, interest-only strips and residual interests in future cash flows from the trusts and also provides servicing for a limited number of Securities and Banking securitizations. Securities and Banking and Special Asset Pool do not retain servicing for their mortgage securitizations.

        The Company securitizes mortgage loans generally through either a government-sponsored agency, such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac (U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages), or private label (non-agency-sponsored mortgages) securitization. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of its U.S. agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations because Citigroup does not have the power to direct the activities of the SPE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. Therefore, Citi does not consolidate these U.S. agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations.

        The Company does not consolidate certain non-agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations because Citi is either not the servicer with the power to direct the significant activities of the entity or Citi is the servicer but the servicing relationship is deemed to be a fiduciary relationship and, therefore, Citi is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the entity.

        In certain instances, the Company has (1) the power to direct the activities and (2) the obligation to either absorb losses or right to receive benefits that could be potentially significant to its non-agency-sponsored mortgage securitizations and, therefore, is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the SPE.

Mortgage Securitizations—Citicorp

        The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to Citicorp mortgage securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

 

        Gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages were $3.0 million and $5.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, gains (losses) recognized on the securitization of non-agency-sponsored mortgages were $(1.0) million and $(1.5) million, respectively.

        Agency and non-agency mortgage securitization gains (losses) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 were $(6.4) million and $(7.7) million, respectively.

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        Key assumptions used in measuring the fair value of retained interests at the date of sale or securitization of mortgage receivables for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

 

        The range in the key assumptions is due to the different characteristics of the interests retained by the Company. The interests retained range from highly rated and/or senior in the capital structure to unrated and/or residual interests.

        The effect of adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained interests and the sensitivity of the fair value to such adverse changes, each as of June 30, 2012, is set forth in the tables below. The negative effect of each change is calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.

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Mortgage Securitizations—Citi Holdings

        The following tables summarize selected cash flow information related to Citi Holdings mortgage securitizations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

 

        Gains recognized on the securitization of U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages were $10.6 million and $30.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012, respectively. Gains recognized on securitizations of U.S. agency-sponsored mortgages were $9 million and $27 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. The Company did not recognize gains or losses on the securitization of non-agency-sponsored mortgages for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011.

        Similar to Citicorp mortgage securitizations discussed above, the range in the key assumptions is due to the different characteristics of the interests retained by the Company. The interests retained range from highly rated and/or senior in the capital structure to unrated and/or residual interests.

        The effect of adverse changes of 10% and 20% in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value of retained interests, and the sensitivity of the fair value to such adverse changes, each as of June 30, 2012, is set forth in the tables below. The negative effect of each change is calculated independently, holding all other assumptions constant. Because the key assumptions may not in fact be independent, the net effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be less than the sum of the individual effects shown below.

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Mortgage Servicing Rights

        In connection with the securitization of mortgage loans, the Company's U.S. Consumer mortgage business generally retains the servicing rights, which entitle the Company to a future stream of cash flows based on the outstanding principal balances of the loans and the contractual servicing fee. Failure to service the loans in accordance with contractual requirements may lead to a termination of the servicing rights and the loss of future servicing fees.

        The fair value of capitalized mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) was $2.1 billion and $4.3 billion at June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The MSRs correspond to principal loan balances of $367 billion and $433 billion as of June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The following table summarizes the changes in capitalized MSRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

 

        The fair value of the MSRs is primarily affected by changes in prepayments that result from shifts in mortgage interest rates. In managing this risk, the Company economically hedges a significant portion of the value of its MSRs through the use of interest rate derivative contracts, forward purchase commitments of mortgage-backed securities and purchased securities classified as trading. In the second quarter of 2012, the fair value of the MSRs was also affected by an increase in servicing costs resulting from a change in the mix of loans serviced.

        The Company receives fees during the course of servicing previously securitized mortgages. The amounts of these fees for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 were as follows:

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        These fees are classified in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Other revenue.

Re-securitizations

        The Company engages in re-securitization transactions in which debt securities are transferred to a VIE in exchange for new beneficial interests. During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, Citi transferred non-agency (private-label) securities with an original par value of approximately $283 million to re-securitization entities. These securities are backed by either residential or commercial mortgages and are often structured on behalf of clients. As of June 30, 2012, the fair value of Citi-retained interests in private-label re-securitization transactions structured by Citi totaled approximately $396 million ($88 million of which relates to re-securitization transactions executed in 2012) and are recorded in Trading account assets. Of this amount, approximately $16 million and $380 million related to senior and subordinated beneficial interests, respectively. The original par value of private-label re-securitization transactions in which Citi holds a retained interest as of June 30, 2012 was approximately $7.2 billion.

        The Company also re-securitizes U.S. government-agency guaranteed mortgage-backed (agency) securities. During the quarter ended June 30, 2012, Citi transferred agency securities with a fair value of approximately $7.2 billion to re-securitization entities. As of June 30, 2012, the fair value of Citi-retained interests in agency re-securitization transactions structured by Citi totaled approximately $2.2 billion ($1.0 billion of which related to re-securitization transactions executed in 2012) and are recorded in Trading account assets. The original fair value of agency re-securitization transactions in which Citi holds a retained interest as of June 30, 2012 was approximately $65.3 billion.

        As of June 30, 2012, the Company did not consolidate any private-label or agency re-securitization entities.

Citi-Administered Asset-Backed Commercial Paper Conduits

        The Company is active in the asset-backed commercial paper conduit business as administrator of several multi-seller commercial paper conduits and also as a service provider to single-seller and other commercial paper conduits sponsored by third parties.

        Citi's multi-seller commercial paper conduits are designed to provide the Company's clients access to low-cost funding in the commercial paper markets. The conduits purchase assets from or provide financing facilities to clients and are funded by issuing commercial paper to third-party investors. The conduits generally do not purchase assets originated by the Company. The funding of the conduits is facilitated by the liquidity support and credit enhancements provided by the Company.

        As administrator to Citi's conduits, the Company is generally responsible for selecting and structuring assets purchased or financed by the conduits, making decisions regarding the funding of the conduits, including determining the tenor and other features of the commercial paper issued, monitoring the quality and performance of the conduits' assets, and facilitating the operations and cash flows of the conduits. In return, the Company earns structuring fees from customers for individual transactions and earns an administration fee from the conduit, which is equal to the income from the client program and liquidity fees of the conduit after payment of conduit expenses. This administration fee is fairly stable, since most risks and rewards of the underlying assets are passed back to the clients and, once the asset pricing is negotiated, most ongoing income, costs and fees are relatively stable as a percentage of the conduit's size.

        The conduits administered by the Company do not generally invest in liquid securities that are formally rated by third parties. The assets are privately negotiated and structured transactions that are designed to be held by the conduit, rather than actively traded and sold. The yield earned by the conduit on each asset is generally tied to the rate on the commercial paper issued by the conduit, thus passing interest rate risk to the client. Each asset purchased by the conduit is structured with transaction-specific credit enhancement features provided by the third-party client seller, including over collateralization, cash and excess spread collateral accounts, direct recourse or third-party guarantees. These credit enhancements are sized with the objective of approximating a credit rating of A or above, based on the Company's internal risk ratings.

        Substantially all of the funding of the conduits is in the form of short-term commercial paper, with a weighted average life generally ranging from 20 to 45 days. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the weighted average lives of the commercial paper issued by consolidated and unconsolidated conduits were approximately 20 and 37 days, respectively, at each period end.

        The primary credit enhancement provided to the conduit investors is in the form of transaction-specific credit enhancement described above. In addition, each consolidated conduit has obtained a letter of credit from the Company, which needs to be sized to be at least 8-10% of the conduit's assets with a floor of $200 million. The letters of credit provided by the Company to the consolidated conduits total approximately $1.9 billion. The net result across all multi-seller conduits administered by the Company is that, in the event defaulted assets exceed the transaction-specific credit enhancements described above, any losses in each conduit are allocated first to the Company and then the commercial paper investors.

        The Company also provides the conduits with two forms of liquidity agreements that are used to provide funding to the conduits in the event of a market disruption, among other events. Each asset of the conduits is supported by a transaction-specific liquidity facility in the form of an asset purchase agreement (APA). Under the APA, the Company has generally agreed to purchase non-defaulted eligible receivables from the conduit at par. The APA is not generally designed to provide credit support to the conduit, as it generally does not permit the purchase of defaulted or impaired assets. Any funding under the APA will likely subject the underlying borrower to the conduits to increased interest costs. In addition, the Company provides the conduits with program-wide liquidity in the form of short-term lending commitments. Under these commitments, the Company

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has agreed to lend to the conduits in the event of a short-term disruption in the commercial paper market, subject to specified conditions. The Company receives fees for providing both types of liquidity agreements and considers these fees to be on fair market terms.

        Finally, the Company is one of several named dealers in the commercial paper issued by the conduits and earns a market-based fee for providing such services. Along with third-party dealers, the Company makes a market in the commercial paper and may from time to time fund commercial paper pending sale to a third party. On specific dates with less liquidity in the market, the Company may hold in inventory commercial paper issued by conduits administered by the Company, as well as conduits administered by third parties. The amount of commercial paper issued by its administered conduits held in inventory fluctuates based on market conditions and activity. As of June 30, 2012, the Company owned $6.0 billion and $100 million of the commercial paper issued by its consolidated and unconsolidated administered conduits, respectively.

        With the exception of the government-guaranteed loan conduit described below, the asset-backed commercial paper conduits are consolidated by the Company. The Company determined that through its role as administrator it had the power to direct the activities that most significantly impacted the entities' economic performance. These powers included its ability to structure and approve the assets purchased by the conduits, its ongoing surveillance and credit mitigation activities, and its liability management. In addition, as a result of all the Company's involvement described above, it was concluded that the Company had an economic interest that could potentially be significant. However, the assets and liabilities of the conduits are separate and apart from those of Citigroup. No assets of any conduit are available to satisfy the creditors of Citigroup or any of its other subsidiaries.

        The Company administers one conduit that originates loans to third-party borrowers and those obligations are fully guaranteed primarily by AAA-rated government agencies that support export and development financing programs. The economic performance of this government-guaranteed loan conduit is most significantly impacted by the performance of its underlying assets. The guarantors must approve each loan held by the entity and the guarantors have the ability (through establishment of the servicing terms to direct default mitigation and to purchase defaulted loans) to manage the conduit's loans that become delinquent to improve the economic performance of the conduit. Because the Company does not have the power to direct the activities of this government-guaranteed loan conduit that most significantly impact the economic performance of the entity, it was concluded that the Company should not consolidate the entity. The total notional exposure under the program-wide liquidity agreement for the Company's unconsolidated administered conduit as of June 30, 2012 is $0.6 billion. The program-wide liquidity agreement, along with each asset APA, is considered in the Company's maximum exposure to loss to the unconsolidated administered conduit.

        As of June 30, 2012, this unconsolidated government-guaranteed loan conduit held assets and funding commitments of approximately $8.6 billion.

Third-Party Commercial Paper Conduits

        The Company also provides liquidity facilities to single- and multi-seller conduits sponsored by third parties. These conduits are independently owned and managed and invest in a variety of asset classes, depending on the nature of the conduit. The facilities provided by the Company typically represent a small portion of the total liquidity facilities obtained by each conduit, and are collateralized by the assets of each conduit. As of June 30, 2012, the Company had no involvement in third-party commercial paper conduits. The Company is not the party that has the power to direct the activities of these conduits that most significantly impact their economic performance and thus does not consolidate them.

Collateralized Debt and Loan Obligations

        A securitized collateralized debt obligation (CDO) is an SPE that purchases a pool of assets consisting of asset-backed securities and synthetic exposures through derivatives on asset-backed securities and issues multiple tranches of equity and notes to investors.

        A cash CDO, or arbitrage CDO, is a CDO designed to take advantage of the difference between the yield on a portfolio of selected assets, typically residential mortgage-backed securities, and the cost of funding the CDO through the sale of notes to investors. "Cash flow" CDOs are entities in which the CDO passes on cash flows from a pool of assets, while "market value" CDOs pay to investors the market value of the pool of assets owned by the CDO at maturity. In these transactions, all of the equity and notes issued by the CDO are funded, as the cash is needed to purchase the debt securities.

        A synthetic CDO is similar to a cash CDO, except that the CDO obtains exposure to all or a portion of the referenced assets synthetically through derivative instruments, such as credit default swaps. Because the CDO does not need to raise cash sufficient to purchase the entire referenced portfolio, a substantial portion of the senior tranches of risk is typically passed on to CDO investors in the form of unfunded liabilities or derivative instruments. Thus, the CDO writes credit protection on select referenced debt securities to the Company or third parties and the risk is then passed on to the CDO investors in the form of funded notes or purchased credit protection through derivative instruments. Any cash raised from investors is invested in a portfolio of collateral securities or investment contracts. The collateral is then used to support the obligations of the CDO on the credit default swaps written to counterparties.

        A securitized collateralized loan obligation (CLO) is substantially similar to the CDO transactions described above, except that the assets owned by the SPE (either cash instruments or synthetic exposures through derivative instruments) are corporate loans and to a lesser extent corporate bonds, rather than asset-backed debt securities.

        A third-party asset manager is typically retained by the CDO/CLO to select the pool of assets and manage those assets over the term of the SPE. The Company is the manager for a limited number of CLO transactions.

        The Company earns fees for warehousing assets prior to the creation of a "cash flow" or "market value" CDO/CLO, structuring CDOs/CLOs and placing debt securities with investors. In addition, the Company has retained interests in

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many of the CDOs/CLOs it has structured and makes a market in the issued notes.

        The Company's continuing involvement in synthetic CDOs/CLOs generally includes purchasing credit protection through credit default swaps with the CDO/CLO, owning a portion of the capital structure of the CDO/CLO in the form of both unfunded derivative positions (primarily super-senior exposures discussed below) and funded notes, entering into interest-rate swap and total-return swap transactions with the CDO/CLO, lending to the CDO/CLO, and making a market in the funded notes.

        Where a CDO/CLO entity issues preferred shares (or subordinated notes that are the equivalent form), the preferred shares generally represent an insufficient amount of equity (less than 10%) and create the presumption that preferred shares are insufficient to finance the entity's activities without subordinated financial support. In addition, although the preferred shareholders generally have full exposure to expected losses on the collateral and uncapped potential to receive expected residual returns, they generally do not have the ability to make decisions about the entity that have a significant effect on the entity's financial results because of their limited role in making day-to-day decisions and their limited ability to remove the asset manager. Because one or both of the above conditions will generally be met, the Company has concluded that, even where a CDO/CLO entity issued preferred shares, the entity should be classified as a VIE.

        In general, the asset manager, through its ability to purchase and sell assets or—where the reinvestment period of a CDO/CLO has expired—the ability to sell assets, will have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the economic performance of the CDO/ CLO. However, where a CDO/CLO has experienced an event of default or an optional redemption period has gone into effect, the activities of the asset manager may be curtailed and/or certain additional rights will generally be provided to the investors in a CDO/CLO entity, including the right to direct the liquidation of the CDO/CLO entity.

        The Company has retained significant portions of the "super-senior" positions issued by certain CDOs. These positions are referred to as "super-senior" because they represent the most senior positions in the CDO and, at the time of structuring, were senior to tranches rated AAA by independent rating agencies.

        The Company does not generally have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impacts the economic performance of the CDOs/CLOs as this power is generally held by a third-party asset manager of the CDO/CLO. As such, those CDOs/CLOs are not consolidated. The Company may consolidate the CDO/CLO when: (i) the Company is the asset manager and no other single investor has the unilateral ability to remove the Company or unilaterally cause the liquidation of the CDO/CLO, or the Company is not the asset manager but has a unilateral right to remove the third-party asset manager or unilaterally liquidate the CDO/CLO and receive the underlying assets, and (ii) the Company has economic exposure to the entity that could be potentially significant to the entity.

        The Company continues to monitor its involvement in unconsolidated CDOs/CLOs to assess future consolidation risk. For example, if the Company were to acquire additional interests in these entities and obtain the right, due to an event of default trigger being met, to unilaterally liquidate or direct the activities of a CDO/CLO, the Company may be required to consolidate the asset entity. For cash CDOs/CLOs, the net result of such consolidation would be to gross up the Company's balance sheet by the current fair value of the securities held by third parties and assets held by the CDO/CLO, which amounts are not considered material. For synthetic CDOs/CLOs, the net result of such consolidation may reduce the Company's balance sheet, because intercompany derivative receivables and payables would be eliminated in consolidation, and other assets held by the CDO/CLO and the securities held by third parties would be recognized at their current fair values.

Key Assumptions and Retained Interests—Citi Holdings

        The key assumptions, used for the securitization of CDOs and CLOs during the quarter ended June 30, 2012, in measuring the fair value of retained interests were as follows:

        The effect of an adverse change of 10% and 20% in the discount rates used to determine the fair value of retained interests is set forth in the table below:

Asset-Based Financing

        The Company provides loans and other forms of financing to VIEs that hold assets. Those loans are subject to the same credit approvals as all other loans originated or purchased by the Company. Financings in the form of debt securities or derivatives are, in most circumstances, reported in Trading account assets and accounted for at fair value through earnings. The Company generally does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact these VIEs' economic performance and thus it does not consolidate them.

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Asset-Based Financing—Citicorp

        The primary types of Citicorp's asset-based financings, total assets of the unconsolidated VIEs with significant involvement and the Company's maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2012, are shown below. For the Company to realize that maximum loss, the VIE (borrower) would have to default with no recovery from the assets held by the VIE.

Asset-Based Financing—Citi Holdings

        The primary types of Citi Holdings' asset-based financings, total assets of the unconsolidated VIEs with significant involvement and the Company's maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2012, are shown below. For the Company to realize that maximum loss, the VIE (borrower) would have to default with no recovery from the assets held by the VIE.

        The following table summarizes selected cash flow information related to asset-based financings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

 

        The effect of an adverse change of 10% and 20% in the discount rates used to determine the fair value of retained interests at June 30, 2012 is set forth in the table below:

Municipal Securities Tender Option Bond (TOB) Trusts

        TOB trusts hold fixed- and floating-rate, taxable and tax-exempt securities issued by state and local governments and municipalities. The trusts are typically single-issuer trusts whose assets are purchased from the Company or from other investors in the municipal securities market. The TOB trusts fund the purchase of their assets by issuing long-term, putable floating rate certificates (Floaters) and residual certificates (Residuals). The trusts are referred to as TOB trusts because the Floater holders have the ability to tender their interests periodically back to the issuing trust, as described further below. The Floaters and Residuals evidence beneficial ownership interests in, and are collateralized by, the underlying assets of the trust. The Floaters are held by third-party investors, typically tax-exempt money market funds. The Residuals are typically held by the original owner of the municipal securities being financed.

        The Floaters and the Residuals have a tenor that is equal to or shorter than the tenor of the underlying municipal bonds. The Residuals entitle their holders to the residual cash flows from the issuing trust, the interest income generated by the underlying municipal securities net of interest paid on the Floaters and trust expenses. The Residuals are rated based on the long-term rating of the underlying municipal bond. The Floaters bear variable interest rates that are reset periodically to a new market rate based on a spread to a high grade, short-term, tax-exempt index. The Floaters have a long-term rating based on the long-term rating of the underlying municipal bond and a short-term rating based on that of the liquidity provider to the trust.

        There are two kinds of TOB trusts: customer TOB trusts and non-customer TOB trusts. Customer TOB trusts are trusts through which customers finance their investments in municipal securities. The Residuals are held by customers and the Floaters by third-party investors, typically tax-exempt money market funds. Non-customer TOB trusts are trusts through which the Company finances its own investments in municipal securities. In such trusts, the Company holds the Residuals and third-party investors, typically tax-exempt money market funds, hold the Floaters.

        The Company serves as remarketing agent to the trusts, placing the Floaters with third-party investors at inception, facilitating the periodic reset of the variable rate of interest on the Floaters and remarketing any tendered Floaters. If Floaters are tendered and the Company (in its role as remarketing agent) is unable to find a new investor within a specified period of time, it can declare a failed remarketing, in which case the trust is unwound. The Company may, but is not obligated to, buy the Floaters into its own inventory. The level of the Company's inventory of Floaters fluctuates over time. As of June 30, 2012, the Company held $399 million of Floaters related to both customer and non-customer TOB trusts.

        For certain non-customer trusts, the Company also provides credit enhancement. Approximately $240 million of the municipal bonds owned by TOB trusts have a credit guarantee provided by the Company.

        The Company provides liquidity to many of the outstanding trusts. If a trust is unwound early due to an event other than a credit event on the underlying municipal bond, the underlying municipal bonds are sold in the market. If there is a shortfall in the trust's cash flows between the redemption price of the tendered Floaters and the proceeds from the sale of the underlying municipal bonds, the trust draws on a liquidity

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agreement in an amount equal to the shortfall. For customer TOBs where the Residual is less than 25% of the trust's capital structure, the Company has a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder under which the Residual holder reimburses the Company for any payment made under the liquidity arrangement. Through this reimbursement agreement, the Residual holder remains economically exposed to fluctuations in value of the underlying municipal bonds. These reimbursement agreements are generally subject to daily margining based on changes in value of the underlying municipal bond. In cases where a third party provides liquidity to a non-customer TOB trust, a similar reimbursement arrangement is made whereby the Company (or a consolidated subsidiary of the Company) as Residual holder absorbs any losses incurred by the liquidity provider.

        As of June 30, 2012, liquidity agreements provided with respect to customer TOB trusts totaled $5.5 billion of which $4.1 billion was offset by reimbursement agreements. The remaining exposure related to TOB transactions where the Residual owned by the customer was at least 25% of the bond value at the inception of the transaction and no reimbursement agreement was executed. The Company also provides other liquidity agreements or letters of credit to customer-sponsored municipal investment funds, that are not variable interest entities, and municipality-related issuers that totaled $7.6 billion as of June 30, 2012. These liquidity agreements and letters of credit are offset by reimbursement agreements with various term-out provisions.

        The Company considers the customer and non-customer TOB trusts to be VIEs. Customer TOB trusts are not consolidated by the Company. The Company has concluded that the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the customer TOB trusts is primarily held by the customer Residual holder, who may unilaterally cause the sale of the trust's bonds.

        Non-customer TOB trusts generally are consolidated. Similar to customer TOB trusts, the Company has concluded that the power over the non-customer TOB trusts is primarily held by the Residual holder, which may unilaterally cause the sale of the trust's bonds. Because the Company holds the Residual interest, and thus has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the trust's economic performance, it consolidates the non-customer TOB trusts.

Municipal Investments

        Municipal investment transactions include debt and equity interests in partnerships that finance the construction and rehabilitation of low-income housing, facilitate lending in new or underserved markets, or finance the construction or operation of renewable municipal energy facilities. The Company generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits and grants earned from the investments made by the partnership. The Company may also provide construction loans or permanent loans to the development or continuation of real estate properties held by partnerships. These entities are generally considered VIEs. The power to direct the activities of these entities is typically held by the general partner. Accordingly, these entities are not consolidated by the Company.

Client Intermediation

        Client intermediation transactions represent a range of transactions designed to provide investors with specified returns based on the returns of an underlying security, referenced asset or index. These transactions include credit-linked notes and equity-linked notes. In these transactions, the VIE typically obtains exposure to the underlying security, referenced asset or index through a derivative instrument, such as a total-return swap or a credit-default swap. In turn the VIE issues notes to investors that pay a return based on the specified underlying security, referenced asset or index. The VIE invests the proceeds in a financial asset or a guaranteed insurance contract that serves as collateral for the derivative contract over the term of the transaction. The Company's involvement in these transactions includes being the counterparty to the VIE's derivative instruments and investing in a portion of the notes issued by the VIE. In certain transactions, the investor's maximum risk of loss is limited and the Company absorbs risk of loss above a specified level. The Company does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact their economic performance and thus it does not consolidate them.

        The Company's maximum risk of loss in these transactions is defined as the amount invested in notes issued by the VIE and the notional amount of any risk of loss absorbed by the Company through a separate instrument issued by the VIE. The derivative instrument held by the Company may generate a receivable from the VIE (for example, where the Company purchases credit protection from the VIE in connection with the VIE's issuance of a credit-linked note), which is collateralized by the assets owned by the VIE. These derivative instruments are not considered variable interests and any associated receivables are not included in the calculation of maximum exposure to the VIE.

Investment Funds

        The Company is the investment manager for certain investment funds that invest in various asset classes including private equity, hedge funds, real estate, fixed income and infrastructure. The Company earns a management fee, which is a percentage of capital under management, and may earn performance fees. In addition, for some of these funds the Company has an ownership interest in the investment funds. The Company has also established a number of investment funds as opportunities for qualified employees to invest in private equity investments. The Company acts as investment manager to these funds and may provide employees with financing on both recourse and non-recourse bases for a portion of the employees' investment commitments.

        The Company has determined that a majority of the investment entities managed by Citigroup are provided a deferral from the requirements of SFAS 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), because they meet the criteria in Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-10, Consolidation (Topic 810), Amendments for Certain Investment Funds (ASU 2010-10). These entities continue to be evaluated under the requirements of ASC 810-10, prior to the implementation of SFAS 167 (FIN 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities), which required that a VIE be consolidated by the party with a variable interest that will absorb a majority of the entity's expected losses or residual returns, or both.

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Trust Preferred Securities

        The Company has raised financing through the issuance of trust preferred securities. In these transactions, the Company forms a statutory business trust and owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust. The trust issues preferred equity securities to third-party investors and invests the gross proceeds in junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures issued by the Company. The trusts have no assets, operations, revenues or cash flows other than those related to the issuance, administration and repayment of the preferred equity securities held by third-party investors. Obligations of the trusts are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Company.

        Because the sole asset of each of the trusts is a receivable from the Company and the proceeds to the Company from the receivable exceed the Company's investment in the VIE's equity shares, the Company is not permitted to consolidate the trusts, even though it owns all of the voting equity shares of the trust, has fully guaranteed the trusts' obligations, and has the right to redeem the preferred securities in certain circumstances. The Company recognizes the subordinated debentures on its Consolidated Balance Sheet as long-term liabilities. For additional information, see Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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18.    DERIVATIVES ACTIVITIES

        In the ordinary course of business, Citigroup enters into various types of derivative transactions. These derivative transactions include:

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Futures and forward contracts, which are commitments to buy or sell at a future date a financial instrument, commodity or currency at a contracted price and may be settled in cash or through delivery.



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Swap contracts, which are commitments to settle in cash at a future date or dates that may range from a few days to a number of years, based on differentials between specified financial indices, as applied to a notional principal amount.



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Option contracts, which give the purchaser, for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell within a specified time a financial instrument, commodity or currency at a contracted price that may also be settled in cash, based on differentials between specified indices or prices.

        Citigroup enters into these derivative contracts relating to interest rate, foreign currency, commodity, and other market/credit risks for the following reasons:

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Trading Purposes—Customer Needs:  Citigroup offers its customers derivatives in connection with their risk-management actions to transfer, modify or reduce their interest rate, foreign exchange and other market/credit risks or for their own trading purposes. As part of this process, Citigroup considers the customers' suitability for the risk involved and the business purpose for the transaction. Citigroup also manages its derivative risk positions through offsetting trade activities, controls focused on price verification, and daily reporting of positions to senior managers.



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Trading Purposes—Citigroup trades derivatives as an active market maker. Trading limits and price verification controls are key aspects of this activity.



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Hedging—Citigroup uses derivatives in connection with its risk-management activities to hedge certain risks or reposition the risk profile of the Company. For example, Citigroup issues fixed-rate long-term debt and then enters into a receive-fixed, pay-variable-rate interest rate swap with the same tenor and notional amount to convert the interest payments to a net variable-rate basis. This strategy is the most common form of an interest rate hedge, as it minimizes interest cost in certain yield curve environments. Derivatives are also used to manage risks inherent in specific groups of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities, including AFS securities and deposit liabilities, as well as other interest-sensitive assets and liabilities. In addition, foreign-exchange contracts are used to hedge non-U.S.-dollar-denominated debt, foreign-currency-denominated AFS securities and net investment exposures.

        Derivatives may expose Citigroup to market, credit or liquidity risks in excess of the amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Market risk on a derivative product is the exposure created by potential fluctuations in interest rates, foreign-exchange rates and other factors and is a function of the type of product, the volume of transactions, the tenor and terms of the agreement, and the underlying volatility. Credit risk is the exposure to loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the transaction where the value of any collateral held is not adequate to cover such losses. The recognition in earnings of unrealized gains on these transactions is subject to management's assessment as to collectability. Liquidity risk is the potential exposure that arises when the size of the derivative position may not be able to be rapidly adjusted in periods of high volatility and financial stress at a reasonable cost.

        Information pertaining to the volume of derivative activity is provided in the tables below. The notional amounts, for both long and short derivative positions, of Citigroup's derivative instruments as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 are presented in the table below.

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Derivative Notionals

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Derivative Mark-to-Market (MTM) Receivables/Payables

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        All derivatives are reported on the balance sheet at fair value. In addition, where applicable, all such contracts covered by master netting agreements are reported net. Gross positive fair values are netted with gross negative fair values by counterparty pursuant to a valid master netting agreement. In addition, payables and receivables in respect of cash collateral received from or paid to a given counterparty are included in this netting. However, non-cash collateral is not included.

        The amounts recognized in Principal transactions in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three-and six- month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 related to derivatives not designated in a qualifying hedging relationship as well as the underlying non-derivative instruments are included in the table below. Citigroup presents this disclosure by business classification, showing derivative gains and losses related to its trading activities together with gains and losses related to non-derivative instruments within the same trading portfolios, as this represents the way these portfolios are risk managed.

        The amounts recognized in Other revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the three- and six- month periods ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 are shown below. The table below does not include the offsetting gains/losses on the hedged items, which amounts are also recorded in Other revenue.

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Accounting for Derivative Hedging

        Citigroup accounts for its hedging activities in accordance with ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (formerly SFAS 133). As a general rule, hedge accounting is permitted where the Company is exposed to a particular risk, such as interest-rate or foreign-exchange risk, that causes changes in the fair value of an asset or liability or variability in the expected future cash flows of an existing asset, liability or a forecasted transaction that may affect earnings.

        Derivative contracts hedging the risks associated with the changes in fair value are referred to as fair value hedges, while contracts hedging the risks affecting the expected future cash flows are called cash flow hedges. Hedges that utilize derivatives or debt instruments to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with equity investments in non-U.S.-dollar-functional-currency foreign subsidiaries (net investment in a foreign operation) are called net investment hedges.

        If certain hedging criteria specified in ASC 815 are met, including testing for hedge effectiveness, special hedge accounting may be applied. The hedge effectiveness assessment methodologies for similar hedges are performed in a similar manner and are used consistently throughout the hedging relationships. For fair value hedges, the changes in value of the hedging derivative, as well as the changes in value of the related hedged item due to the risk being hedged, are reflected in current earnings. For cash flow hedges and net investment hedges, the changes in value of the hedging derivative are reflected in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in Citigroup's stockholders' equity, to the extent the hedge is effective. Hedge ineffectiveness, in either case, is reflected in current earnings.

        For asset/liability management hedging, the fixed-rate long-term debt would be recorded at amortized cost under current U.S. GAAP. However, by electing to use ASC 815 (SFAS 133) fair value hedge accounting, the carrying value of the debt is adjusted for changes in the benchmark interest rate, with any such changes in value recorded in current earnings. The related interest-rate swap is also recorded on the balance sheet at fair value, with any changes in fair value reflected in earnings. Thus, any ineffectiveness resulting from the hedging relationship is recorded in current earnings. Alternatively, a management hedge, which does not meet the ASC 815 hedging criteria, would involve recording only the derivative at fair value on the balance sheet, with its associated changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The debt would continue to be carried at amortized cost and, therefore, current earnings would be impacted only by the interest rate shifts and other factors that cause the change in the swap's value and may change the underlying yield of the debt. This type of hedge is undertaken when hedging requirements cannot be achieved or management decides not to apply ASC 815 hedge accounting. Another alternative for the Company would be to elect to carry the debt at fair value under the fair value option. Once the irrevocable election is made upon issuance of the debt, the full change in fair value of the debt would be reported in earnings. The related interest rate swap, with changes in fair value, would also be reflected in earnings, and provides a natural offset to the debt's fair value change. To the extent the two offsets are not exactly equal, the difference would be reflected in current earnings.

        Key aspects of achieving ASC 815 hedge accounting are documentation of hedging strategy and hedge effectiveness at the hedge inception and substantiating hedge effectiveness on an ongoing basis. A derivative must be highly effective in accomplishing the hedge objective of offsetting either changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item for the risk being hedged. Any ineffectiveness in the hedge relationship is recognized in current earnings. The assessment of effectiveness excludes changes in the value of the hedged item that are unrelated to the risks being hedged. Similarly, the assessment of effectiveness may exclude changes in the fair value of a derivative related to time value that, if excluded, are recognized in current earnings.

Fair Value Hedges

Hedging of benchmark interest rate risk

        Citigroup hedges exposure to changes in the fair value of outstanding fixed-rate issued debt and certificates of deposit. Depending on the risk management objectives, these types of hedges are designated as either fair value hedges of only the benchmark interest rate risk or fair value hedges of both the benchmark interest rate and foreign exchange risk. The fixed cash flows from those financing transactions are converted to benchmark variable-rate cash flows by entering into, respectively, receive-fixed, pay-variable interest rate swaps or receive-fixed in non-functional currency, pay variable in functional currency swaps. These fair value hedge relationships use either regression or dollar-offset ratio analysis to determine whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis.

        Citigroup also hedges exposure to changes in the fair value of fixed-rate assets, including available-for-sale debt securities and loans. The hedging instruments used are receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps. These fair value hedging relationships use either regression or dollar-offset ratio analysis to determine whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis.

Hedging of foreign exchange risk

        Citigroup hedges the change in fair value attributable to foreign-exchange rate movements in available-for-sale securities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity holding the securities, which may be within or outside the U.S. The hedging instrument employed is a forward foreign-exchange contract. In this type of hedge, the change in fair value of the hedged available-for-sale security attributable to the portion of foreign exchange risk hedged is reported in earnings and not Accumulated other comprehensive income—a process that serves to offset substantially the change in fair value of the forward contract that is also reflected in earnings. Citigroup considers the premium associated with forward contracts (differential between spot and contractual forward rates) as the cost of hedging; this is excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and reflected directly in earnings. The dollar-offset method is used to assess hedge effectiveness. Since that assessment is based on changes in fair value attributable to changes in spot rates on both the available-for-sale securities and the forward contracts for the portion of the relationship hedged, the amount of hedge ineffectiveness is not significant.

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        The following table summarizes the gains (losses) on the Company's fair value hedges for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011:

Cash Flow Hedges

Hedging of benchmark interest rate risk

        Citigroup hedges variable cash flows resulting from floating-rate liabilities and rollover (re-issuance) of short-term liabilities. Variable cash flows from those liabilities are converted to fixed-rate cash flows by entering into receive-variable, pay-fixed interest rate swaps and receive-variable, pay-fixed forward-starting interest rate swaps. These cash-flow hedging relationships use either regression analysis or dollar-offset ratio analysis to assess whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis. When certain interest rates do not qualify as a benchmark interest rate, Citigroup designates the risk being hedged as the risk of overall changes in the hedged cash flows. Since efforts are made to match the terms of the derivatives to those of the hedged forecasted cash flows as closely as possible, the amount of hedge ineffectiveness is not significant.

Hedging of foreign exchange risk

        Citigroup locks in the functional currency equivalent cash flows of long-term debt and short-term borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the issuing entity. Depending on the risk management objectives, these types of hedges are designated as either cash flow hedges of only foreign exchange risk or cash flow hedges of both foreign exchange and interest rate risk, and the hedging instruments used are foreign exchange cross-currency swaps and forward contracts. These cash flow hedge relationships use dollar-offset ratio analysis to determine whether the hedging relationships are highly effective at inception and on an ongoing basis.

Hedging of overall changes in cash flows

        Citigroup hedges the overall exposure to variability in cash flows related to the future acquisition of mortgage-backed securities using "to be announced" forward contracts. Since the hedged transaction is the gross settlement of the forward, the assessment of hedge effectiveness is based on assuring that the terms of the hedging instrument and the hedged forecasted transaction are the same.

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Hedging total return

        Citigroup generally manages the risk associated with highly leveraged financing it has entered into by seeking to sell a majority of its exposures to the market prior to or shortly after funding. The portion of the highly leveraged financing that is retained by Citigroup is generally hedged with a total return swap.

        The amount of hedge ineffectiveness on the cash flow hedges recognized in earnings for three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012 and June 30, 2011 is not significant.

        The pretax change in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from cash flow hedges is presented below:

        For cash flow hedges, any changes in the fair value of the end-user derivative remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet will be included in earnings of future periods to offset the variability of the hedged cash flows when such cash flows affect earnings. The net loss associated with cash flow hedges expected to be reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within 12 months of June, 2012 is approximately $1.0 billion. The maximum length of time over which forecasted cash flows are hedged is 10 years.

        The after-tax impact of cash flow hedges on AOCI is shown in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Net Investment Hedges

        Consistent with ASC 830-20, Foreign Currency Matters—Foreign Currency Transactions (formerly SFAS 52, Foreign Currency Translation), ASC 815 allows hedging of the foreign currency risk of a net investment in a foreign operation. Citigroup uses foreign currency forwards, options, swaps and foreign-currency-denominated debt instruments to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with Citigroup's equity investments in several non-U.S. dollar functional currency foreign subsidiaries. Citigroup records the change in the carrying amount of these investments in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Simultaneously, the effective portion of the hedge of this exposure is also recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account and the ineffective portion, if any, is immediately recorded in earnings.

        For derivatives used in net investment hedges, Citigroup follows the forward-rate method from FASB Derivative Implementation Group Issue H8 (now ASC 815-35-35-16 through 35-26), "Foreign Currency Hedges: Measuring the Amount of Ineffectiveness in a Net Investment Hedge." According to that method, all changes in fair value, including changes related to the forward-rate component of the foreign currency forward contracts and the time value of foreign currency options, are recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

        For foreign-currency-denominated debt instruments that are designated as hedges of net investments, the translation gain or loss that is recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account is based on the spot exchange rate between the functional currency of the respective subsidiary and the U.S. dollar, which is the functional currency of Citigroup. To the extent the notional amount of the hedging instrument exactly matches the hedged net investment and the underlying exchange rate of the derivative hedging instrument relates to the exchange rate between the functional currency of the net investment and Citigroup's functional currency (or, in the case of a non-derivative debt instrument, such instrument is denominated in the functional currency of the net investment), no ineffectiveness is recorded in earnings.

        The pretax gain (loss) recorded in the Foreign currency translation adjustment account within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), related to the effective portion of the net investment hedges, is $949 million and $(1,056) million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2012, respectively, and $(990) million and $(1,874) million for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011, respectively.

Credit Derivatives

        A credit derivative is a bilateral contract between a buyer and a seller under which the seller agrees to provide protection to the buyer against the credit risk of a particular entity ("reference entity" or "reference credit"). Credit derivatives generally require that the seller of credit protection make payments to the buyer upon the occurrence of predefined credit events (commonly referred to as "settlement triggers"). These settlement triggers are defined by the form of the derivative and the reference credit and are generally limited to the market standard of failure to pay on indebtedness and bankruptcy of the reference credit and, in a more limited range of transactions, debt restructuring. Credit derivative transactions referring to emerging market reference credits will also typically include additional settlement triggers to cover the acceleration of indebtedness and the risk of repudiation or a payment moratorium. In certain transactions, protection may be provided on a portfolio of referenced credits or asset-backed securities. The seller of such protection may not be required to make payment until a specified amount of losses has occurred with respect to the portfolio and/or may only be required to pay for losses up to a specified amount.

        The Company makes markets in and trades a range of credit derivatives, both on behalf of clients as well as for its own account. Through these contracts, the Company either purchases or writes protection on either a single name or a portfolio of reference credits. The Company uses credit derivatives to help mitigate credit risk in its Corporate and Consumer loan portfolios and other cash positions, to take proprietary trading positions, and to facilitate client transactions.

        The range of credit derivatives sold includes credit default swaps, total return swaps, credit options and credit-linked notes.

        A credit default swap is a contract in which, for a fee, a protection seller agrees to reimburse a protection buyer for any losses that occur due to a credit event on a reference entity. If there is no credit default event or settlement trigger, as defined by the specific derivative contract, then the protection seller makes no payments to the protection buyer and receives only the contractually specified fee. However, if a credit event occurs as defined in the specific derivative contract sold, the protection seller will be required to make a payment to the protection buyer.

        A total return swap transfers the total economic performance of a reference asset, which includes all associated cash flows, as well as capital appreciation or depreciation. The protection buyer receives a floating rate of interest and any depreciation on the reference asset from the protection seller and, in return, the protection seller receives the cash flows associated with the reference asset plus any appreciation. Thus, according to the total return swap agreement, the protection seller will be obligated to make a payment any time the floating interest rate payment and any depreciation of the reference asset exceed the cash flows associated with the underlying asset. A total return swap may terminate upon a default of the reference asset subject to the provisions of the related total return swap agreement between the protection seller and the protection buyer.

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        A credit option is a credit derivative that allows investors to trade or hedge changes in the credit quality of the reference asset. For example, in a credit spread option, the option writer assumes the obligation to purchase or sell the reference asset at a specified "strike" spread level. The option purchaser buys the right to sell the reference asset to, or purchase it from, the option writer at the strike spread level. The payments on credit spread options depend either on a particular credit spread or the price of the underlying credit-sensitive asset. The options usually terminate if the underlying assets default.

        A credit-linked note is a form of credit derivative structured as a debt security with an embedded credit default swap. The purchaser of the note writes credit protection to the issuer, and receives a return which will be negatively affected by credit events on the underlying reference credit. If the reference entity defaults, the purchaser of the credit-linked note may assume the long position in the debt security and any future cash flows from it, but will lose the amount paid to the issuer of the credit-linked note. Thus the maximum amount of the exposure is the carrying amount of the credit-linked note. As of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the amount of credit-linked notes held by the Company in trading inventory was immaterial.

        The following tables summarize the key characteristics of the Company's credit derivative portfolio as protection seller as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

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        Citigroup evaluates the payment/performance risk of the credit derivatives for which it stands as a protection seller based on the credit rating assigned to the underlying referenced credit. Where external ratings by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (such as Moody's and S&P) are used, investment grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB or above, while anything below is considered non-investment grade. The Citigroup internal ratings are in line with the related external credit rating system. On certain underlying reference credits, mainly related to over-the-counter credit derivatives, ratings are not available, and these are included in the not-rated category. Credit derivatives written on an underlying non-investment grade reference credit represent greater payment risk to the Company. The non-investment grade category in the table above primarily includes credit derivatives where the underlying referenced entity has been downgraded subsequent to the inception of the derivative.

        The maximum potential amount of future payments under credit derivative contracts presented in the table above is based on the notional value of the derivatives. The Company believes that the maximum potential amount of future payments for credit protection sold is not representative of the actual loss exposure based on historical experience. This amount has not been reduced by the Company's rights to the underlying assets and the related cash flows. In accordance with most credit derivative contracts, should a credit event (or settlement trigger) occur, the Company is usually liable for the difference between the protection sold and the recourse it holds in the value of the underlying assets. Thus, if the reference entity defaults, Citi will generally have a right to collect on the underlying reference credit and any related cash flows, while being liable for the full notional amount of credit protection sold to the buyer. Furthermore, this maximum potential amount of future payments for credit protection sold has not been reduced for any cash collateral paid to a given counterparty as such payments would be calculated after netting all derivative exposures, including any credit derivatives with that counterparty in accordance with a related master netting agreement. Due to such netting processes, determining the amount of collateral that corresponds to credit derivative exposures alone is not possible. The Company actively monitors open credit risk exposures, and manages this exposure by using a variety of strategies including purchased credit derivatives, cash collateral or direct holdings of the referenced assets. This risk mitigation activity is not captured in the table above.

        Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features in Derivatives Certain derivative instruments contain provisions that require the Company to either post additional collateral or immediately settle any outstanding liability balances upon the occurrence of a specified credit-risk-related event. These events, which are defined by the existing derivative contracts, are primarily downgrades in the credit ratings of the Company and its affiliates. The fair value (excluding CVA) of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a net liability position at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 is $39.3 billion and $33 billion, respectively. The Company has posted $35.7 billion and $28 billion as collateral for this exposure in the normal course of business as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

        Each downgrade would trigger additional collateral or cash settlement requirements for the Company and its affiliates. In the event that each legal entity was downgraded a single notch by the three rating agencies as of June 30, 2012, the Company would be required to post an additional $4.5 billion, as either collateral or settlement of the derivative transactions. Additionally, the Company would be required to segregate with third-party custodians collateral previously received from existing derivative counterparties in the amount of $1.7 billion upon the single notch downgrade, resulting in aggregate cash obligations and collateral requirements of approximately $6.2 billion.

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19.    FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

        ASC 820-10 (formerly SFAS 157) defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Among other things, the standard requires the Company to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

        Under ASC 820-10, the probability of default of a counterparty is factored into the valuation of derivative positions and includes the impact of Citigroup's own credit risk on derivatives and other liabilities measured at fair value.

Fair Value Hierarchy

        ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurement, specifies a hierarchy of inputs based on whether the inputs are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company's market assumptions. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy:

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Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.



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Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.



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Level 3: Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

        This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available. The Company considers relevant and observable market prices in its valuations where possible. The frequency of transactions, the size of the bid-ask spread and the amount of adjustment necessary when comparing similar transactions are all factors in determining the liquidity of markets and the relevance of observed prices in those markets.

        The Company's policy with respect to transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy is to recognize transfers into and out of each level as of the end of the reporting period.

Determination of Fair Value

        For assets and liabilities carried at fair value, the Company measures such value using the procedures set out below, irrespective of whether these assets and liabilities are carried at fair value as a result of an election or whether they are required to be carried at fair value.

        When available, the Company generally uses quoted market prices to determine fair value and classifies such items as Level 1. In some cases where a market price is available, the Company will make use of acceptable practical expedients (such as matrix pricing) to calculate fair value, in which case the items are classified as Level 2.

        If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed valuation techniques that use, where possible, current market-based parameters, such as interest rates, currency rates, option volatilities, etc. Items valued using such internally generated valuation techniques are classified according to the lowest level input or value driver that is significant to the valuation. Thus, an item may be classified in Level 3 even though there may be some significant inputs that are readily observable.

        Where available, the Company may also make use of quoted prices for recent trading activity in positions with the same or similar characteristics to that being valued. The market activity and the amount of the bid-ask spread are among the factors considered in determining the liquidity of markets and the relevance of observed prices from those markets. If relevant and observable prices are available, those valuations may be classified as Level 2. If prices of similar instruments are not available from the market, other valuation techniques may be used and the item may be classified as Level 3.

        Fair value estimates from internal valuation techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors or brokers. Vendors and brokers' valuations may be based on a variety of inputs ranging from observed prices to proprietary valuation models.

        The following section describes the valuation methodologies used by the Company to measure various financial instruments at fair value, including an indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each instrument is generally classified. Where appropriate, the description includes details of the valuation models, the key inputs to those models and any significant assumptions.

Market valuation adjustments

        Liquidity adjustments are applied to items in Level 2 and Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy to ensure that the fair value reflects the liquidity or illiquidity of the market. The liquidity reserve may utilize the bid-offer spread for an instrument as one of the factors.

        Counterparty credit-risk adjustments are applied to derivatives, such as over-the-counter uncollateralized derivatives, where the base valuation uses market parameters based on the relevant base interest rate curves. Not all counterparties have the same credit risk as that implied by the relevant base curve, so it is necessary to consider the market view of the credit risk of a counterparty in order to estimate the fair value of such an item.

        Bilateral or "own" credit-risk adjustments are applied to reflect the Company's own credit risk when valuing derivatives and liabilities measured at fair value. Counterparty and own credit adjustments consider the expected future cash flows between Citi and its counterparties under the terms of the instrument and the effect of credit risk on the valuation of those cash flows, rather than a point-in-time assessment of the current recognized net asset or liability. Furthermore, the credit-risk adjustments take into account the effect of credit-risk mitigants, such as pledged collateral and any legal right of offset (to the extent such offset exists) with a counterparty through arrangements such as netting agreements.

        Generally, the unit of account for a financial instrument is the individual financial instrument. The Company applies market valuation adjustments that are consistent with the unit of account, which does not include adjustment due to the size of the Company's position, except as follows. ASC 820-10 permits an exception, through an accounting policy election, to measure the fair value of a portfolio of financial assets and financial

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liabilities on the basis of the net open risk position when certain criteria are met. Citi has elected to measure certain portfolios of financial instruments, such as derivatives, that meet those criteria on the basis of the net open risk position. The Company applies market valuation adjustments, including adjustments to account for the size of the net open risk position, consistent with market participant assumptions and in accordance with the unit of account.

Valuation Process for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

        Price verification procedures and related internal control procedures are governed by the Citigroup Pricing and Price Verification Policy and Standards, which is jointly owned by Finance and Risk Management. Finance has implemented the ICG Securities and Banking Pricing and Price Verification Standards and Procedures to facilitate compliance with this policy.

        For fair value measurements of substantially all assets and liabilities held by the Company, individual business units are responsible for valuing the trading account assets and liabilities, and Product Control within Finance performs independent price verification procedures to evaluate those fair value measurements. Product Control is independent of the individual business units and reports into the Global Head of Product Control. It has the final authority over the independent valuation of financial assets and liabilities. Fair value measurements of assets and liabilities are determined using various techniques, including, but not limited to, discounted cash flows and internal models, such as option and correlation models.

        Based on the observability of inputs used, Product Control classifies the inventory as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. When a position involves one or more significant inputs that are not directly observable, additional price verification procedures are applied. These procedures may include reviewing relevant historical data, analyzing profit and loss, valuing each component of a structured trade individually, and benchmarking, among others.

        Reports of inventory that is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are distributed to senior management in Finance, Risk and the individual business. This inventory is also discussed in Risk Committees and in monthly meetings with senior trading management. As deemed necessary, reports may go to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors or the full Board of Directors. Whenever a valuation adjustment is needed to bring the price of an asset or liability to its exit price, Product Control reports it to management along with other price verification results.

        In addition, the pricing models used in measuring fair value are governed by an independent control framework. Although the models are developed and tested by the individual business units, they are independently validated by the Model Validation Group within Risk Management and reviewed by Finance with respect to their impact on the price verification procedures. The purpose of this independent control framework is to assess model risk arising from models' theoretical soundness, calibration techniques where needed, and the appropriateness of the model for a specific product in a defined market. Valuation adjustments, if any, go through a similar independent review process as the valuation models. To ensure their continued applicability, models are independently reviewed annually. In addition, Risk Management approves and maintains a list of products permitted to be valued under each approved model for a given business.

Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase

        No quoted prices exist for such instruments so fair value is determined using a discounted cash-flow technique. Cash flows are estimated based on the terms of the contract, taking into account any embedded derivative or other features. Expected cash flows are discounted using interest rates appropriate to the maturity of the instrument as well as the nature of the underlying collateral. Generally, when such instruments are held at fair value, they are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as the inputs used in the valuation are readily observable. However, certain long-dated positions are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Trading account assets and liabilities—trading securities and trading loans

        When available, the Company uses quoted market prices to determine the fair value of trading securities; such items are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Examples include some government securities and exchange-traded equity securities.

        For bonds and secondary market loans traded over the counter, the Company generally determines fair value utilizing valuation techniques, including discounted cash flows, price-based and internal models, such as Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation. The two primary valuation methods are discounted cash flows and internal models. Fair value estimates from these internal valuation techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply matrix pricing for similar bonds or loans where no price is observable. If available, the Company may also use quoted prices for recent trading activity of assets with similar characteristics to the bond or loan being valued. The yields used in discounted cash flow models are derived from the same price information. Trading securities and loans priced using such methods are generally classified as Level 2. However, when less liquidity exists for a security or loan, a quoted price is stale or prices from independent sources vary, a loan or security is generally classified as Level 3.

        Where the Company's principal market for a portfolio of loans is the securitization market, the Company uses the securitization price to determine the fair value of the portfolio. The securitization price is determined from the assumed proceeds of a hypothetical securitization in the current market, adjusted for transformation costs (i.e., direct costs other than transaction costs) and securitization uncertainties such as market conditions and liquidity. As a result of the severe reduction in the level of activity in certain securitization markets since the second half of 2007, observable securitization prices for certain directly comparable portfolios of loans have not been readily available. Therefore, such portfolios of loans are generally classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. However, for other loan securitization markets, such as commercial real estate loans, pricing verification of the hypothetical securitizations has been possible, since these markets have remained active. Accordingly, this loan portfolio is classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

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Trading account assets and liabilities—derivatives

        Exchange-traded derivatives are generally measured at fair value using quoted market (i.e., exchange) prices and are classified as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

        The majority of derivatives entered into by the Company is executed over the counter and are valued using internal valuation techniques as no quoted market prices exist for such instruments. The valuation techniques and inputs depend on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument. The principal techniques used to value these instruments are discounted cash flows and internal models, including Black-Scholes and Monte Carlo simulation. The fair values of derivative contracts reflect cash the Company has paid or received (for example, option premiums paid and received).

        The key inputs depend upon the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument and include interest rate yield curves, foreign-exchange rates, volatilities and correlation. The Company uses overnight indexed swap (OIS) curves as fair value measurement inputs for the valuation of certain collateralized interest-rate related derivatives. The instrument is classified in either Level 2 or Level 3 depending upon the observability of the significant inputs to the model.

Subprime-related direct exposures in CDOs

        The valuation of high-grade and mezzanine asset-backed security (ABS) CDO positions utilizes prices based on the underlying assets of each high-grade and mezzanine ABS CDO. The high-grade and mezzanine positions are largely hedged through the ABX and bond short positions. This results in closer symmetry in the way these long and short positions are valued by the Company. Citigroup uses trader marks to value this portion of the portfolio and will do so as long as it remains largely hedged.

        For most of the lending and structuring direct subprime exposures, fair value is determined utilizing observable transactions where available, other market data for similar assets in markets that are not active and other internal valuation techniques.

Investments

        The investments category includes available-for-sale debt and marketable equity securities, whose fair value is generally determined by utilizing similar procedures described for trading securities above or, in some cases, using consensus pricing as the primary source.

        Also included in investments are nonpublic investments in private equity and real estate entities held by the S&B business. Determining the fair value of nonpublic securities involves a significant degree of management resources and judgment as no quoted prices exist and such securities are generally very thinly traded. In addition, there may be transfer restrictions on private equity securities. The Company uses an established process for determining the fair value of such securities, utilizing commonly accepted valuation techniques, including comparables analysis. In determining the fair value of nonpublic securities, the Company also considers events such as a proposed sale of the investee company, initial public offerings, equity issuances or other observable transactions. As discussed in Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company uses net asset value (NAV) to value certain of these investments.

        Private equity securities are generally classified as Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Short-term borrowings and long-term debt

        Where fair value accounting has been elected, the fair value of non-structured liabilities is determined by utilizing internal models using the appropriate discount rate for the applicable maturity. Such instruments are generally classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy as all inputs are readily observable.

        The Company determines the fair value of structured liabilities (where performance is linked to structured interest rates, inflation or currency risks) and hybrid financial instruments (where performance is linked to risks other than interest rates, inflation or currency risks) using the appropriate derivative valuation methodology (described above) given the nature of the embedded risk profile. Such instruments are classified as Level 2 or Level 3 depending on the observability of significant inputs to the model.

Auction rate securities

        Auction rate securities (ARS) are long-term municipal bonds, corporate bonds, securitizations and preferred stocks with interest rates or dividend yields that are reset through periodic auctions. The coupon paid in the current period is based on the rate determined by the prior auction. In the event of an auction failure, ARS holders receive a "fail rate" coupon, which is specified in the original issue documentation of each ARS.

        Where insufficient orders to purchase all of the ARS issue to be sold in an auction were received, the primary dealer or auction agent would traditionally have purchased any residual unsold inventory (without a contractual obligation to do so). This residual inventory would then be repaid through subsequent auctions, typically in a short time. Due to this auction mechanism and generally liquid market, ARS have historically traded and were valued as short-term instruments.

        Citigroup acted in the capacity of primary dealer for approximately $72 billion of ARS and continued to purchase residual unsold inventory in support of the auction mechanism until mid-February 2008. After this date, liquidity in the ARS market deteriorated significantly, auctions failed due to a lack of bids from third-party investors, and Citigroup ceased to purchase unsold inventory. Following a number of ARS refinancings, at June 30, 2012, Citigroup continued to act in the capacity of primary dealer for approximately $11 billion of outstanding ARS.

        The Company classifies its ARS as trading and available-for-sale securities. Trading ARS include primarily securitization positions and are classified as Asset-backed securities within Trading securities in the table below. Available-for-sale ARS include primarily preferred instruments (interests in closed-end mutual funds) and are classified as Equity securities within Investments.

        Prior to the Company's first auction failing in the first quarter of 2008, Citigroup valued ARS based on observation of auction market prices, because the auctions had a short maturity period (7, 28 or 35 days). This generally resulted in valuations at par. Once the auctions failed, ARS could no longer be valued using observation of auction market prices. Accordingly, the fair values of ARS are currently estimated using internally developed discounted cash flow valuation techniques specific to the nature of the assets underlying each ARS.

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        For ARS with student loans as underlying assets, future cash flows are estimated based on the terms of the loans underlying each individual ARS, discounted at an appropriate rate in order to estimate the current fair value. The key assumptions that impact the ARS valuations are the expected weighted average life (WAL) of the structure, estimated fail rate coupons, the amount of leverage in each structure and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of projected cash flows. The discount rate used for each ARS is based on rates observed for basic securitizations with similar maturities to the loans underlying each ARS being valued. In order to arrive at the appropriate discount rate, these observed rates were adjusted upward to factor in the specifics of the ARS structure being valued, such as callability, and the illiquidity in the ARS market.

        The majority of ARS continue to be classified as Level 3.

Alt-A mortgage securities

        The Company classifies its Alt-A mortgage securities as held-to-maturity, available-for-sale and trading investments. The securities classified as trading and available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value reported in current earnings and AOCI, respectively. For these purposes, Citi defines Alt-A mortgage securities as non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) where (1) the underlying collateral has weighted average FICO scores between 680 and 720 or (2) for instances where FICO scores are greater than 720, RMBS have 30% or less of the underlying collateral composed of full documentation loans.

        Similar to the valuation methodologies used for other trading securities and trading loans, the Company generally determines the fair values of Alt-A mortgage securities utilizing internal valuation techniques. Fair value estimates from internal valuation techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Consensus data providers compile prices from various sources. Where available, the Company may also make use of quoted prices for recent trading activity in securities with the same or similar characteristics to the security being valued.

        The valuation techniques used for Alt-A mortgage securities, as with other mortgage exposures, are price-based and discounted cash flows. The primary market-derived input is yield. Cash flows are based on current collateral performance with prepayment rates and loss projections reflective of current economic conditions of housing price change, unemployment rates, interest rates, borrower attributes and other market indicators.

        Alt-A mortgage securities that are valued using these methods are generally classified as Level 2. However, Alt-A mortgage securities backed by Alt-A mortgages of lower quality or subordinated tranches in the capital structure are mostly classified as Level 3 due to the reduced liquidity that exists for such positions, which reduces the reliability of prices available from independent sources.

Commercial real estate exposure

        Citigroup reports a number of different exposures linked to commercial real estate at fair value with changes in fair value reported in earnings, including securities, loans and investments in entities that hold commercial real estate loans or commercial real estate directly. The Company also reports securities backed by commercial real estate as available-for-sale investments, which are carried at fair value with changes in fair value reported in AOCI.

        Similar to the valuation methodologies used for other trading securities and trading loans, the Company generally determines the fair value of securities and loans linked to commercial real estate utilizing internal valuation techniques which incorporate assumptions regarding defaults, recoveries and collateral values, among other inputs. Fair value estimates from internal valuation techniques are verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Consensus data providers compile prices from various sources. Where available, the Company may also make use of quoted prices for recent trading activity in securities or loans with the same or similar characteristics to that being valued. Securities and loans linked to commercial real estate valued using these methodologies are generally classified as either Level 2 or Level 3. Positions are classified as Level 3 as a result of reduced liquidity in the market for such exposures.

        The fair value of investments in entities that hold commercial real estate loans or commercial real estate directly is determined using a similar methodology to that used for other non-public investments in real estate held by the S&B business. The Company uses an established process for determining the fair value of such securities, using commonly accepted valuation techniques, including the use of earnings multiples based on comparable public securities, industry-specific non-earnings-based multiples and discounted cash flow models. In determining the fair value of such investments, the Company also considers events, such as a proposed sale of the investee company, initial public offerings, equity issuances, or other observable transactions. Investments in entities that hold commercial real estate exposures are valued using these methodologies and are generally classified as either Level 2 or Level 3.

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Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

        The following tables present for each of the fair value hierarchy levels the Company's assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. The Company's hedging of positions that have been classified in the Level 3 category is not limited to other financial instruments that have been classified as Level 3, but also instruments classified as Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. The effects of these hedges are presented gross in the following table.

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Fair Value Levels

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Fair Value Levels

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Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Category

        The following tables present the changes in the Level 3 fair value category for the three and six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011. The Company classifies financial instruments in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when there is reliance on at least one significant unobservable input to the valuation model. In addition to these unobservable inputs, the valuation models for Level 3 financial instruments typically also rely on a number of inputs that are readily observable either directly or indirectly. Thus, the gains and losses presented below include changes in the fair value related to both observable and unobservable inputs.

        The Company often hedges positions with offsetting positions that are classified in a different level. For example, the gains and losses for assets and liabilities in the Level 3 category presented in the tables below do not reflect the effect of offsetting losses and gains on hedging instruments that have been classified by the Company in the Level 1 and Level 2 categories. In addition, the Company hedges items classified in the Level 3 category with instruments also classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The effects of these hedges are presented gross in the following tables.

Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward

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Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward

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Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward

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Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward

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Level 3 Fair Value Rollforward

        The significant changes from March 31, 2012 to June 30, 2012 in Level 3 assets and liabilities were due to:

•

A net decrease in trading securities of $3.4 billion that included:



•

Purchases of $2.8 billion offset by sales and settlements of $4.8 billion (which included purchases and sales of asset-backed securities of $1.0 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively). Purchases and sales of asset-backed securities primarily reflected trading in CDO and CLO positions. As these positions are bespoke, they are classified as Level 3.



•

Transfers of other debt securities from Level 2 to Level 3 of $0.4 billion mainly consisting of trading loans for which there were a reduced number of contributors to external pricing services.



•

A net decrease in Level 3 Investments of $2.6 billion that included sales of non-marketable equity securities of $1.5 billion relating mainly to the sale of EMI Music Publishing.



•

A decrease in Mortgage servicing rights of $0.6 billion, which included losses of $480 million recognized in Other revenue due in part to an increase in servicing costs.



•

A decrease in Long-term debt of $0.6 billion, which included issuances of $0.9 billion and settlements of $0.9 billion. Settlements mainly included terminations as well as $0.4 billion of structured liabilities that were restructured during the quarter, with new issuances classified as Level 2. Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 of $0.5 billion related mainly to structured debt for which the underlyings became more observable.

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        The significant changes from December 31, 2011 to June 30, 2012 in Level 3 assets and liabilities were due to:

•

A net decrease in trading securities of $2.5 billion that included:



•

Purchases of $9.8 billion offset by sales and settlements of $11.3 billion (which included purchases and sales of asset-backed securities of $3.7 billion and $4.3 billion, respectively). Purchases and sales of asset-backed securities primarily reflected trading in CDO and CLO positions. As these positions are bespoke, they are classified as Level 3.



•

Transfers of other debt securities from Level 2 to Level 3 of $0.6 billion, consisting mainly of trading loans for which there were a reduced number of contributors to external pricing services.



•

A net decrease in credit derivatives of $1.4 billion. The net decrease was composed of losses of $1.5 billion recorded in Principal transactions, $0.6 billion of which related to total return swaps referencing returns on Corporate loans, offset by gains on the referenced loans which are classified as Level 2. Losses of $0.3 billion related to bespoke CDOs and index CDOs due to credit spreads tightening, $0.2 billion of which was offset by gains on index positions classified as Level 2.



•

A net decrease in Level 3 Investments of $3.6 billion that included sales of non-marketable equity securities of $1.5 billion relating mainly to the sale of EMI Music Publishing.



•

A decrease in Mortgage servicing rights of $0.5 billion, which included losses of $293 million recognized in Other revenue due in part to an increase in servicing costs. Settlements of $377 million are primarily due to amortization.



•

A decrease in Long-term debt of $1.0 billion, which included issuances of $1.2 billion and settlements of $1.3 billion. Settlements mainly included terminations as well as $0.4 billion of structured liabilities that were restructured, with new issuances classified as Level 2. Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 of $0.9 billion related mainly to structured debt for which the underlyings became more observable.

        The significant changes from March 31, 2011 to June 30, 2011 in Level 3 assets and liabilities were due to:

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A net decrease in Trading securities of $3.8 billion that included:



•

Sales of certain securities that were reclassified from Investments held-to-maturity to Trading account assets during the first quarter of 2011, which included $2.8 billion of trading mortgage-backed securities ($1.5 billion of which were Alt-A, $1.0 billion of prime, $0.2 billion of subprime and $0.1 billion of commercial), $0.9 billion of state and municipal debt securities, $0.3 billion of corporate debt securities and $0.2 billion of asset-backed securities.



•

Purchases of corporate debt trading securities of $0.7 billion and sales of $0.8 billion, reflecting strong trading activity.



•

Purchases of asset-backed securities of $2.4 billion and sales of $2.0 billion which included trading in CLO and CDO positions.



•

A net decrease in Level 3 Investments of $2.7 billion, which included a net decrease in mortgage-backed securities of $1.0 billion, mainly driven by transfers from Level 3 to Level 2. Non-marketable equity securities decreased $1.3 billion, which was driven by sales of $0.3 billion and settlements of $0.8 billion related primarily to sales and redemptions by the Company of investments in private equity and hedge funds.



•

A net decrease in Level 3 Long-term debt of $1.5 billion, which included settlements of $1.5 billion, $1.2 billion of which relates to the scheduled termination of a structured transaction during the second quarter of 2011, with a corresponding decrease in corporate debt trading securities.

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        The significant changes from December 31, 2010 to June 30, 2011 in Level 3 assets and liabilities were due to:

•

A decrease in Federal funds sold and securities borrowed or purchased under agreements to resell of $1.5 billion, driven primarily by transfers of $1.4 billion from Level 3 to Level 2 of certain collateralized long-dated callable reverse repos (structured reverse repos). The Company has noted that there is more transparency and observability for repo curves (used in the determination of the fair value of structured reverse repos) with a tenor of five years or less; thus, structured reverse repos that are expected to mature beyond the five-year point are generally classified as Level 3. The primary factor driving the change in expected maturities in structured reverse repo transactions is the embedded call option feature that enables the investor (the Company) to elect to terminate the trade early. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the increase in interest rates caused the estimated maturity dates of certain structured reverse repos to shorten to less than five years, resulting in the transfer from Level 3 to Level 2.



•

A net decrease in Trading securities of $0.8 billion that included:



•

The reclassification of $4.3 billion of securities from Investments held-to-maturity to Trading account assets during the first quarter of 2011. These reclassifications have been included in purchases in the Level 3 roll-forward table above. The Level 3 assets reclassified, and subsequently sold, included $2.8 billion of trading mortgage-backed securities ($1.5 billion of which were Alt-A, $1.0 billion of prime, $0.2 billion of subprime and $0.1 billion of commercial), $0.9 billion of state and municipal debt securities, $0.3 billion of corporate debt securities and $0.2 billion of asset-backed securities.



•

Purchases of corporate debt trading securities of $2.2 billion and sales of $2.1 billion, reflecting strong trading activity.



•

Purchases of asset-backed securities of $3.5 billion and sales of $3.9 billion of asset-backed securities, reflecting trading in CLO and CDO positions.



•

A decrease in Credit derivatives of $2.1 billion which included settlements of $1.2 billion, relating primarily to the settlement of certain contracts under which the Company had purchased credit protection on commercial mortgage-backed securities from a single counterparty.



•

A net decrease in Level 3 Investments of $0.6 billion, which included a net increase in non-marketable equity securities of $1.2 billion. Purchases of non-marketable equity securities of $3.3 billion included Citi's acquisition of the share capital of Maltby Acquisitions Limited, the holding company that controls EMI Group Ltd., in the first quarter of 2011. Sales of $1.1 billion and settlements of $0.8 billion related primarily to sales and redemptions by the Company of investments in private equity and hedge funds.



•

A net decrease in Level 3 Long-term debt of $1.5 billion, which included settlements of $1.7 billion, $1.2 billion of which relates to the scheduled termination of a structured transaction during the second quarter of 2011, with a corresponding decrease in corporate debt trading securities.

Valuation Techniques and Inputs for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

        The Company's Level 3 inventory consists of both cash securities and derivatives of varying complexities. The valuation methodologies applied to measure the fair value of these positions include discounted cash flow analyses, internal models and comparative analysis. A position is classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when at least one input is unobservable and is considered significant to its valuation. The specific reason for why an input is deemed unobservable varies. For example, at least one significant input to the pricing model is not observable in the market, at least one significant input has been adjusted to make it more representative of the position being valued, or the price quote available does not reflect sufficient trading activities.

        The following table presents the valuation techniques covering the majority of Level 3 inventory and the most significant unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements as of June 30, 2012.

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Valuation Techniques and Inputs for Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

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Sensitivity to Unobservable Inputs and Interrelationships between Unobservable Inputs

        The impact of key unobservable inputs on the Level 3 fair value measurements may not be independent of one another. For certain instruments, the pricing, hedging, and risk management is sensitive to the correlation between various inputs rather than on the analysis and aggregation of the individual inputs.

        The following section describes the sensitivities and interrelationships of the most significant unobservable inputs used by the Company in Level 3 fair value measurements.

Correlation

        For these instruments, price risk is nonseparable, i.e. a change in one input will affect the sensitivity of valuation to another input. A variety of correlation-related assumptions are required for a wide range of instruments including, equity baskets, foreign-exchange options, CDOs backed by loans, mortgages, subprime mortgages, credit default swaps and many other instruments. Estimating correlation can be especially difficult where it may vary over time. Extracting correlation information from market data requires significant assumptions regarding the informational efficiency of the market (for example, swaption markets). Changes in correlation levels can have a major impact, favorable or unfavorable, on the value of an instrument.

Volatility

        Represents the speed and severity of market price changes and is a key factor in pricing derivatives. Typically, instruments can become more expensive if volatility increases. For example, as an index becomes more volatile, the cost to Citi of maintaining a given level of exposure increases because more frequent rebalancing of the portfolio is required. Volatility generally depends on the tenor of the underlying instrument and the strike price or level defined in the contract. Volatilities for certain combinations of tenor and strike are not observable. Some instruments benefit from an increase in volatility, others benefit from a decrease. The general relationship between changes in the value of a portfolio to changes in volatility also depends on changes in interest rates and the level of the underlying index.

Yield

        Sometimes, a yield of a similar instrument is available in the market. However, this yield may need to be adjusted to capture the characteristics of the security being valued. When the amount of the adjustment is significant to the value of the security, the fair value measurement is classified as Level 3.

        Adjusted yield is generally used to discount the projected future principal and interest cash flows. Adjusted yield is impacted by changes in the interest rate environment and relevant credit spreads.

        In other situations, the yield of a similar security may not represent sufficient market liquidity, and therefore, the fair value measurement is classified as Level 3.

Prepayment

        Prepayment is generally negatively correlated with delinquency and interest rate. A combination of low prepayment and high delinquencies amplify each input's negative impact on mortgage securities' valuation. As prepayment speeds change, the weighted average life of the security changes, which impacts the valuation either positively or negatively, depending upon the nature of the security and the direction of the change.

Recovery

        For many credit securities, there is no directly observable market input for recovery, but indications of recovery levels are available from pricing services. The assumed recoveries of a security may differ from its true recoveries that will be observable in the future. An increase in the recovery rate typically results in an increased market value from the perspective of a protection seller. Recovery rate impacts the valuation of credit securities, including mortgage securities. Generally, an increase in the recovery rate assumption increases the fair value of the security. An increase in loss severity, the inverse of the recovery rate, reduces the amount of principal available for distribution and as a result, decreases the fair value from the perspective of a protection seller.

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Credit Spread

        Changes in credit spread affect the fair value of securities differently depending on the characteristics and maturity profile of the security. Credit spread reflects the market perception of changes in prepayment, delinquency, and recovery rates, therefore capturing the impact of other variables on the fair value.

Mean Reversion

        A number of financial instruments require an estimate of the rate at which interest rate reverts to its long term average. Changes in this estimate can significantly affect the fair value of the instrument. However, there is often insufficient external market data to calibrate it.

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

        Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and therefore are not included in the tables above. These include assets measured at cost that have been written down to fair value during the periods as a result of an impairment. In addition, these assets include loans held-for-sale and other real estate owned that are measured at the lower of cost or market (LOCOM).

        The following table presents the carrying amounts of all assets that were still held as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, and for which a nonrecurring fair value measurement was recorded during the twelve months then ended:

        The fair value of loans-held-for-sale is determined where possible using quoted secondary-market prices. If no such quoted price exists, the fair value of a loan is determined using quoted prices for a similar asset or assets, adjusted for the specific attributes of that loan. Fair value for the other real estate owned is based on appraisals. For loans whose carrying amount is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, the fair values depend on the type of collateral. Fair value of the collateral is typically estimated based on quoted market prices if available, appraisals or other internal valuation techniques.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Changes

        The following table presents total nonrecurring fair value measurements for the period, included in earnings, attributable to the change in fair value relating to assets that are still held at June 30, 2012.

Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

        The table below presents the carrying value and fair value of Citigroup's financial instruments which are not carried at fair value. The table below therefore excludes items measured at fair value on a recurring basis presented in the tables above. The disclosure also excludes leases, affiliate investments, pension and benefit obligations and insurance policy claim reserves. In addition, contract-holder fund amounts exclude certain insurance contracts. Also, as required, the disclosure excludes the effect of taxes, any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the entire holdings of a particular instrument, excess fair value associated with deposits with no fixed maturity and other expenses that would be incurred in a market transaction. In addition, the table excludes the values of non-financial assets and liabilities, as well as a wide range of franchise, relationship and intangible values, which are integral to a full assessment of Citigroup's financial position and the value of its net assets.

        The fair value represents management's best estimates based on a range of methodologies and assumptions. The carrying value of short-term financial instruments not accounted for at fair value, as well as receivables and payables arising in the ordinary course of business, approximates fair value because of the relatively short period of time between their origination and expected realization. Quoted market prices are used when available for investments and for liabilities, such as long-term debt not carried at fair value. For loans not accounted for at fair value, cash flows are discounted at quoted secondary market rates or estimated market rates if available. Otherwise, sales of comparable loan portfolios or current market origination rates for loans with similar terms

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and risk characteristics are used. Expected credit losses are either embedded in the estimated future cash flows or incorporated as an adjustment to the discount rate used. The value of collateral is also considered. For liabilities such as long-term debt not accounted for at fair value and without quoted market prices, market borrowing rates of interest are used to discount contractual cash flows.

 

        Fair values vary from period to period based on changes in a wide range of factors, including interest rates, credit quality, and market perceptions of value and as existing assets and liabilities run off and new transactions are entered into.

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        The estimated fair values of loans reflect changes in credit status since the loans were made, changes in interest rates in the case of fixed-rate loans, and premium values at origination of certain loans. The carrying values (reduced by the Allowance for loan losses) exceeded the estimated fair values of Citigroup's loans, in aggregate, by $11.2 billion and by $10.6 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. At June 30, 2012, the carrying values, net of allowances, exceeded the estimated fair values by $8.3 billion and $2.9 billion for Consumer loans and Corporate loans, respectively.

        The estimated fair values of the Company's corporate unfunded lending commitments at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were liabilities of $6.4 billion and $4.7 billion, respectively, which are substantially fair valued at level 3. The Company does not estimate the fair values of consumer unfunded lending commitments, which are generally cancelable by providing notice to the borrower.

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20.    FAIR VALUE ELECTIONS

        The Company may elect to report most financial instruments and certain other items at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis with changes in fair value reported in earnings. The election is made upon the acquisition of an eligible financial asset, financial liability or firm commitment or when certain specified reconsideration events occur. The fair value election may not be revoked once an election is made. The changes in fair value are recorded in current earnings. Additional discussion regarding the applicable areas in which fair value elections were made is presented in Note 19 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

        All servicing rights are recognized initially at fair value. The Company has elected fair value accounting for its mortgage servicing rights. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussions regarding the accounting and reporting of MSRs.

        The following table presents, as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the fair value of those positions selected for fair value accounting, as well as the changes in fair value gains and losses for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011:

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Own Debt Valuation Adjustments for Structured Debt

        Own debt valuation adjustments are recognized on Citi's debt liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected using Citi's credit spreads observed in the bond market. The fair value of debt liabilities for which the fair value option is elected (other than non-recourse and similar liabilities) is impacted by the narrowing or widening of the Company's credit spreads. The estimated change in the fair value of these debt liabilities due to such changes in the Company's own credit risk (or instrument-specific credit risk) was a gain of $270 million and $241 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and a loss of $992 million and a gain of $128 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Changes in fair value resulting from changes in instrument-specific credit risk were estimated by incorporating the Company's current credit spreads observable in the bond market into the relevant valuation technique used to value each liability as described above.

The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities

Selected portfolios of securities purchased under agreements to resell, securities borrowed, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities loaned and certain non-collateralized short-term borrowings

        The Company elected the fair value option for certain portfolios of fixed-income securities purchased under agreements to resell and fixed-income securities sold under agreements to repurchase, securities borrowed, securities loaned (and certain non-collateralized short-term borrowings) on broker-dealer entities in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan. In each case, the election was made because the related interest-rate risk is managed on a portfolio basis, primarily with derivative instruments that are accounted for at fair value through earnings.

        Changes in fair value for transactions in these portfolios are recorded in Principal transactions. The related interest revenue and interest expense are measured based on the contractual rates specified in the transactions and are reported as interest revenue and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Selected letters of credit and revolving loans hedged by credit default swaps or participation notes

        The Company has elected the fair value option for certain letters of credit that are hedged with derivative instruments or participation notes. Citigroup elected the fair value option for these transactions because the risk is managed on a fair value basis and mitigates accounting mismatches.

        The notional amount of these unfunded letters of credit was $0.3 billion and $0.6 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. The amount funded was insignificant with no amounts 90 days or more past due or on non-accrual status at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011.

        These items have been classified in Trading account assets or Trading account liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in fair value of these items are classified in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain loans and other credit products

        Citigroup has elected the fair value option for certain originated and purchased loans, including certain unfunded loan products, such as guarantees and letters of credit, executed by Citigroup's lending and trading businesses. None of these credit products are highly leveraged financing commitments. Significant groups of transactions include loans and unfunded loan products that are expected to be either sold or securitized in the near term, or transactions where the economic risks are hedged with derivative instruments such as purchased credit default swaps or total return swaps where the Company pays the total return on the underlying loans to a third party. Citigroup has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplifications. Fair value was not elected for most lending transactions across the Company, including where management objectives would not be met.

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        The following table provides information about certain credit products carried at fair value at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        In addition to the amounts reported above, $1,546 million and $648 million of unfunded loan commitments related to certain credit products selected for fair value accounting were outstanding as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

        Changes in fair value of funded and unfunded credit products are classified in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest revenue is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as Interest revenue on Trading account assets or loan interest depending on the balance sheet classifications of the credit products. The changes in fair value for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 was due to instrument-specific credit risk totaled to a gain of $29 million and $34 million, respectively.

Certain investments in private equity and real estate ventures and certain equity method investments

        Citigroup invests in private equity and real estate ventures for the purpose of earning investment returns and for capital appreciation. The Company has elected the fair value option for certain of these ventures, because such investments are considered similar to many private equity or hedge fund activities in Citi's investment companies, which are reported at fair value. The fair value option brings consistency in the accounting and evaluation of these investments. All investments (debt and equity) in such private equity and real estate entities are accounted for at fair value. These investments are classified as Investments on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet.

        Citigroup also holds various non-strategic investments in leveraged buyout funds and other hedge funds for which the Company elected fair value accounting to reduce operational and accounting complexity. Since the funds account for all of their underlying assets at fair value, the impact of applying the equity method to Citigroup's investment in these funds was equivalent to fair value accounting. These investments are classified as Other assets on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet.

        Changes in the fair values of these investments are classified in Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain mortgage loans (HFS)

        Citigroup has elected the fair value option for certain purchased and originated prime fixed-rate and conforming adjustable-rate first mortgage loans HFS. These loans are intended for sale or securitization and are hedged with derivative instruments. The Company has elected the fair value option to mitigate accounting mismatches in cases where hedge accounting is complex and to achieve operational simplifications.

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        The following table provides information about certain mortgage loans HFS carried at fair value at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        The changes in fair values of these mortgage loans are reported in Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. There was no change in fair value during the six months ended June 30, 2012 due to instrument-specific credit risk. The change in fair value during the six months ended June 30, 2011 due to instrument-specific credit risk resulted in a loss of $0.2 million. Related interest income continues to be measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

Certain consolidated VIEs

        The Company has elected the fair value option for all qualified assets and liabilities of certain VIEs that were consolidated upon the adoption of SFAS 167 on January 1, 2010, including certain private label mortgage securitizations, mutual fund deferred sales commissions and collateralized loan obligation VIEs. The Company elected the fair value option for these VIEs as the Company believes this method better reflects the economic risks, since substantially all of the Company's retained interests in these entities are carried at fair value.

        With respect to the consolidated mortgage VIEs, the Company determined the fair value for the mortgage loans and long-term debt utilizing internal valuation techniques. The fair value of the long-term debt measured using internal valuation techniques is verified, where possible, to prices obtained from independent vendors. Vendors compile prices from various sources and may apply matrix pricing for similar securities when no price is observable. Security pricing associated with long-term debt that is valued using observable inputs is classified as Level 2 and debt that is valued using one or more significant unobservable inputs is classified as Level 3. The fair value of mortgage loans of each VIE is derived from the security pricing. When substantially all of the long-term debt of a VIE is valued using Level 2 inputs, the corresponding mortgage loans are classified as Level 2. Otherwise, the mortgage loans of a VIE are classified as Level 3.

        With respect to the consolidated mortgage VIEs for which the fair value option was elected, the mortgage loans are classified as Loans on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The changes in fair value of the loans are reported as Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest revenue is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as Interest revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Information about these mortgage loans is included in the table below. The change in fair value of these loans due to instrument-specific credit risk was a loss of $69 million and $169 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        The debt issued by these consolidated VIEs is classified as long-term debt on Citigroup's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The changes in fair value for the majority of these liabilities are reported in Other revenue in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Related interest expense is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The aggregate unpaid principal balance of long-term debt of these consolidated VIEs exceeded the aggregate fair value by $955 million and $984 million as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

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        The following table provides information about Corporate and Consumer loans of consolidated VIEs carried at fair value at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

Certain structured liabilities

        The Company has elected the fair value option for certain structured liabilities whose performance is linked to structured interest rates, inflation, currency, equity, referenced credit or commodity risks (structured liabilities). The Company elected the fair value option, because these exposures are considered to be trading-related positions and, therefore, are managed on a fair value basis. These positions will continue to be classified as debt, deposits or derivatives (Trading account liabilities) on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet according to their legal form.

        The change in fair value for these structured liabilities is reported in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Changes in fair value for these structured liabilities include an economic component for accrued interest which is included in the change in fair value reported in Principal transactions.

Certain non-structured liabilities

        The Company has elected the fair value option for certain non-structured liabilities with fixed and floating interest rates (non-structured liabilities). The Company has elected the fair value option where the interest-rate risk of such liabilities is economically hedged with derivative contracts or the proceeds are used to purchase financial assets that will also be accounted for at fair value through earnings. The election has been made to mitigate accounting mismatches and to achieve operational simplifications. These positions are reported in Short-term borrowings and Long-term debt on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet. The change in fair value for these non-structured liabilities is reported in Principal transactions in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income.

        Related interest expense on non-structured liabilities is measured based on the contractual interest rates and reported as such in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

        The following table provides information about long-term debt carried at fair value, excluding the debt issued by the consolidated VIEs, at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        The following table provides information about short-term borrowings carried at fair value at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

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21.    GUARANTEES AND COMMITMENTS

Guarantees

        The Company provides a variety of guarantees and indemnifications to Citigroup customers to enhance their credit standing and enable them to complete a wide variety of business transactions. For certain contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee, the guarantor must recognize, at inception, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee.

        In addition, the guarantor must disclose the maximum potential amount of future payments the guarantor could be required to make under the guarantee, if there were a total default by the guaranteed parties. The determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on the notional amount of the guarantees without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. As such, the Company believes such amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these guarantees. The following tables present information about the Company's guarantees at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

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Financial standby letters of credit

        Citigroup issues standby letters of credit which substitute its own credit for that of the borrower. If a letter of credit is drawn down, the borrower is obligated to repay Citigroup. Standby letters of credit protect a third party from defaults on contractual obligations. Financial standby letters of credit include guarantees of payment of insurance premiums and reinsurance risks that support industrial revenue bond underwriting and settlement of payment obligations to clearing houses, and also support options and purchases of securities or are in lieu of escrow deposit accounts. Financial standbys also backstop loans, credit facilities, promissory notes and trade acceptances.

Performance guarantees

        Performance guarantees and letters of credit are issued to guarantee a customer's tender bid on a construction or systems-installation project or to guarantee completion of such projects in accordance with contract terms. They are also issued to support a customer's obligation to supply specified products, commodities, or maintenance or warranty services to a third party.

Derivative instruments considered to be guarantees

        Derivatives are financial instruments whose cash flows are based on a notional amount and an underlying, where there is little or no initial investment, and whose terms require or permit net settlement. Derivatives may be used for a variety of reasons, including risk management, or to enhance returns. Financial institutions often act as intermediaries for their clients, helping clients reduce their risks. However, derivatives may also be used to take a risk position.

        The derivative instruments considered to be guarantees, which are presented in the tables above, include only those instruments that require Citi to make payments to the counterparty based on changes in an underlying instrument that is related to an asset, a liability, or an equity security held by the guaranteed party. More specifically, derivative instruments considered to be guarantees include certain over-the-counter written put options where the counterparty is not a bank, hedge fund or broker-dealer (such counterparties are considered to be dealers in these markets and may, therefore, not hold the underlying instruments). However, credit derivatives sold by the Company are excluded from the tables above as they are disclosed separately in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, non-credit derivative contracts that are cash settled and for which the Company is unable to assert that it is probable the counterparty held the underlying instrument at the inception of the contract also are excluded from the tables above.

        In instances where the Company's maximum potential future payment is unlimited, the notional amount of the contract is disclosed.

Loans sold with recourse

        Loans sold with recourse represent the Company's obligations to reimburse the buyers for loan losses under certain circumstances. Recourse refers to the clause in a sales agreement under which a lender will fully reimburse the buyer/investor for any losses resulting from the purchased loans. This may be accomplished by the seller's taking back any loans that become delinquent.

        In addition to the amounts shown in the tables above, the repurchase reserve for Citigroup residential mortgages representations and warranties was $1,476 million and $1,188 million at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively, and these amounts are included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Repurchase Reserve—Whole Loan Sales

        The repurchase reserve estimation process for potential residential mortgage whole loan representation and warranty claims is subject to various assumptions. The assumptions used to calculate this repurchase reserve include numerous estimates and judgments and thus contain a level of uncertainty and risk that, if different from actual results, could have a material impact on the reserve amounts. As part of its ongoing review of the assumptions used to estimate its repurchase reserve for whole loan sales, during the second quarter of 2012, Citi refined certain of its assumptions utilized in its estimation process. Specifically, in prior quarters, Citi used loan documentation requests and repurchase claims as a percentage of loan documentation requests in order to estimate future claims. Beginning in the second quarter, Citi now utilizes the historical correlation between underlying loan characteristics (e.g., delinquencies, LTV, loan channel, etc.) and the likelihood of receiving a claim based on those characteristics in developing its claims estimate, which Citi believes is a more granular approach and enhances its claims estimation process. This refinement did not have a material impact on the repurchase reserve balance as of June 30, 2012.

        Accordingly, as of June 30, 2012, the most significant assumptions used to calculate the reserve levels are the:

•

correlation between loan characteristics and repurchase claims;



•

claims appeal success rates; and



•

estimated loss per repurchase or make-whole payment.

        Citi estimates that if there were a simultaneous 10% adverse change in each of the significant assumptions, the repurchase reserve would increase by approximately $500 million as of June 30, 2012. This potential change is hypothetical and intended to indicate the sensitivity of the repurchase reserve to changes in the key assumptions. Actual changes in the key assumptions may not occur at the same time or to the same degree (i.e., an adverse change in one assumption may be offset by an improvement in another). Citi does not believe it has sufficient information to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss (as defined under ASC 450) relating to its representations and warranties with respect to its whole loan sales.

Repurchase Reserve—Private-Label Securitizations

        The pace at which Citi has received repurchase claims for breaches of representations and warranties on its private-label securitizations remains volatile, and has continued to increase. To date, the Company has received repurchase claims at a sporadic and unpredictable rate, and most of the claims received are not yet resolved. Thus, Citi cannot estimate probable future repurchases from such private-label securitizations. Rather, at the present time, Citi views repurchase demands on private-label securitizations as episodic in nature, such that the potential recording of repurchase reserves is currently expected to be

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analyzed principally on the basis of actual claims received, rather than predictions regarding claims estimated to be received or paid in the future.

Securities lending indemnifications

        Owners of securities frequently lend those securities for a fee to other parties who may sell them short or deliver them to another party to satisfy some other obligation. Banks may administer such securities lending programs for their clients. Securities lending indemnifications are issued by the bank to guarantee that a securities lending customer will be made whole in the event that the security borrower does not return the security subject to the lending agreement and collateral held is insufficient to cover the market value of the security.

Credit card merchant processing

        Credit card merchant processing guarantees represent the Company's indirect obligations in connection with the processing of private label and bank card transactions on behalf of merchants.

        Citigroup's primary credit card business is the issuance of credit cards to individuals. In addition, the Company: (a) provides transaction processing services to various merchants with respect to its private-label cards and (b) has potential liability for bank card transaction processing services. The nature of the liability in either case arises as a result of a billing dispute between a merchant and a cardholder that is ultimately resolved in the cardholder's favor. The merchant is liable to refund the amount to the cardholder. In general, if the credit card processing company is unable to collect this amount from the merchant, the credit card processing company bears the loss for the amount of the credit or refund paid to the cardholder.

        With regard to (a) above, the Company continues to have the primary contingent liability with respect to its portfolio of private-label merchants. The risk of loss is mitigated as the cash flows between the Company and the merchant are settled on a net basis and the Company has the right to offset any payments with cash flows otherwise due to the merchant. To further mitigate this risk the Company may delay settlement, require a merchant to make an escrow deposit, include event triggers to provide the Company with more financial and operational control in the event of the financial deterioration of the merchant, or require various credit enhancements (including letters of credit and bank guarantees). In the unlikely event that a private-label merchant is unable to deliver products, services or a refund to its private-label cardholders, the Company is contingently liable to credit or refund cardholders.

        With regard to (b) above, the Company has a potential liability for bank card transactions where Citi provides the transaction processing services as well as those where a third party provides the services and Citi acts as a secondary guarantor, should that processor fail to perform.

        The Company's maximum potential contingent liability related to both bank card and private-label merchant processing services is estimated to be the total volume of credit card transactions that meet the requirements to be valid charge back transactions at any given time. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, this maximum potential exposure was estimated to be $74 billion and $70 billion, respectively.

        However, the Company believes that the maximum exposure is not representative of the actual potential loss exposure based on the Company's historical experience. This contingent liability is unlikely to arise, as most products and services are delivered when purchased and amounts are refunded when items are returned to merchants. The Company assesses the probability and amount of its contingent liability related to merchant processing based on the financial strength of the primary guarantor, the extent and nature of unresolved charge-backs and its historical loss experience. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the losses incurred and the carrying amounts of the Company's contingent obligations related to merchant processing activities were immaterial.

Custody indemnifications

        Custody indemnifications are issued to guarantee that custody clients will be made whole in the event that a third-party subcustodian or depository institution fails to safeguard clients' assets.

Other guarantees and indemnifications

Credit Card Protection Programs

        The Company, through its credit card business, provides various cardholder protection programs on several of its card products, including programs that provide insurance coverage for rental cars, coverage for certain losses associated with purchased products, price protection for certain purchases and protection for lost luggage. These guarantees are not included in the table, since the total outstanding amount of the guarantees and the Company's maximum exposure to loss cannot be quantified. The protection is limited to certain types of purchases and certain types of losses and it is not possible to quantify the purchases that would qualify for these benefits at any given time. The Company assesses the probability and amount of its potential liability related to these programs based on the extent and nature of its historical loss experience. At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the actual and estimated losses incurred and the carrying value of the Company's obligations related to these programs were immaterial.

Other Representation and Warranty Indemnifications

        In the normal course of business, the Company provides standard representations and warranties to counterparties in contracts in connection with numerous transactions and also provides indemnifications, including indemnifications that protect the counterparties to the contracts in the event that additional taxes are owed due either to a change in the tax law or an adverse interpretation of the tax law. Counterparties to these transactions provide the Company with comparable indemnifications. While such representations, warranties and indemnifications are essential components of many contractual relationships, they do not represent the underlying business purpose for the transactions. The indemnification clauses are often standard contractual terms related to the Company's own performance under the terms of a contract and are entered into in the normal course of business based on an assessment that the risk of loss is remote. Often these clauses are intended to ensure that terms of a contract are met at inception. No compensation is received for these standard representations and warranties, and it is not possible to determine their fair value because they rarely, if ever, result in a payment. In many cases, there are no stated or notional amounts included in the indemnification clauses and

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the contingencies potentially triggering the obligation to indemnify have not occurred and are not expected to occur. These indemnifications are not included in the tables above.

Value-Transfer Networks

        The Company is a member of, or shareholder in, hundreds of value-transfer networks (VTNs) (payment, clearing and settlement systems as well as exchanges) around the world. As a condition of membership, many of these VTNs require that members stand ready to pay a pro rata share of the losses incurred by the organization due to another member's default on its obligations. The Company's potential obligations may be limited to its membership interests in the VTNs, contributions to the VTN's funds, or, in limited cases, the obligation may be unlimited. The maximum exposure cannot be estimated as this would require an assessment of future claims that have not yet occurred. We believe the risk of loss is remote given historical experience with the VTNs. Accordingly, the Company's participation in VTNs is not reported in the Company's guarantees tables above and there are no amounts reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2012 or December 31, 2011 for potential obligations that could arise from the Company's involvement with VTN associations.

Long-Term Care Insurance Indemnification

        In the sale of an insurance subsidiary, the Company provided an indemnification to an insurance company for policyholder claims and other liabilities relating to a book of long-term care (LTC) business (for the entire term of the LTC policies) that is fully reinsured by another insurance company. The reinsurer has funded two trusts with securities whose fair value (approximately $4.9 billion at June 30, 2012 and $4.4 billion at December 31, 2011) is designed to cover the insurance company's statutory liabilities for the LTC policies. The assets in these trusts are evaluated and adjusted periodically to ensure that the fair value of the assets continues to cover the estimated statutory liabilities related to the LTC policies, as those statutory liabilities change over time. If the reinsurer fails to perform under the reinsurance agreement for any reason, including insolvency, and the assets in the two trusts are insufficient or unavailable to the ceding insurance company, then Citigroup must indemnify the ceding insurance company for any losses actually incurred in connection with the LTC policies. Since both events would have to occur before Citi would become responsible for any payment to the ceding insurance company pursuant to its indemnification obligation and the likelihood of such events occurring is currently not probable, there is no liability reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2012 related to this indemnification. However, Citi continues to closely monitor its potential exposure under this indemnification obligation.

Carrying Value—Guarantees and Indemnifications

        At June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the total carrying amounts of the liabilities related to the guarantees and indemnifications included in the tables above amounted to approximately $2.9 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively. The carrying value of derivative instruments is included in either Trading liabilities or Other liabilities, depending upon whether the derivative was entered into for trading or non-trading purposes. The carrying value of financial and performance guarantees is included in Other liabilities. For loans sold with recourse, the carrying value of the liability is included in Other liabilities. In addition, at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet include an allowance for credit losses of $1,104 million and $1,136 million, respectively, relating to letters of credit and unfunded lending commitments.

Collateral

        Cash collateral available to the Company to reimburse losses realized under these guarantees and indemnifications amounted to $39 billion and $35 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Securities and other marketable assets held as collateral amounted to $65 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the majority of which collateral is held to reimburse losses realized under securities lending indemnifications. Additionally, letters of credit in favor of the Company held as collateral amounted to $2.0 billion and $1.5 billion at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively. Other property may also be available to the Company to cover losses under certain guarantees and indemnifications; however, the value of such property has not been determined.

Performance risk

        Citi evaluates the performance risk of its guarantees based on the assigned referenced counterparty internal or external ratings. Where external ratings are used, investment-grade ratings are considered to be Baa/BBB and above, while anything below is considered non-investment grade. The Citi internal ratings are in line with the related external rating system. On certain underlying referenced credits or entities, ratings are not available. Such referenced credits are included in the "not rated" category. The maximum potential amount of the future payments related to guarantees and credit derivatives sold is determined to be the notional amount of these contracts, which is the par amount of the assets guaranteed.

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        Presented in the tables below are the maximum potential amounts of future payments that are classified based upon internal and external credit ratings as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011. As previously mentioned, the determination of the maximum potential future payments is based on the notional amount of the guarantees without consideration of possible recoveries under recourse provisions or from collateral held or pledged. As such, the Company believes such amounts bear no relationship to the anticipated losses, if any, on these guarantees.

 

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Credit Commitments and Lines of Credit

        The table below summarizes Citigroup's credit commitments as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011:

        The majority of unused commitments are contingent upon customers' maintaining specific credit standards. Commercial commitments generally have floating interest rates and fixed expiration dates and may require payment of fees. Such fees (net of certain direct costs) are deferred and, upon exercise of the commitment, amortized over the life of the loan or, if exercise is deemed remote, amortized over the commitment period.

Commercial and similar letters of credit

        A commercial letter of credit is an instrument by which Citigroup substitutes its credit for that of a customer to enable the customer to finance the purchase of goods or to incur other commitments. Citigroup issues a letter on behalf of its client to a supplier and agrees to pay the supplier upon presentation of documentary evidence that the supplier has performed in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit. When a letter of credit is drawn, the customer is then required to reimburse Citigroup.

One- to four-family residential mortgages

        A one- to four-family residential mortgage commitment is a written confirmation from Citigroup to a seller of a property that the bank will advance the specified sums enabling the buyer to complete the purchase.

Revolving open-end loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties

        Revolving open-end loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties are essentially home equity lines of credit. A home equity line of credit is a loan secured by a primary residence or second home to the extent of the excess of fair market value over the debt outstanding for the first mortgage.

Commercial real estate, construction and land development

        Commercial real estate, construction and land development include unused portions of commitments to extend credit for the purpose of financing commercial and multifamily residential properties as well as land development projects.

        Both secured-by-real-estate and unsecured commitments are included in this line, as well as undistributed loan proceeds, where there is an obligation to advance for construction progress payments. However, this line only includes those extensions of credit that, once funded, will be classified as Total loans, net on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Credit card lines

        Citigroup provides credit to customers by issuing credit cards. The credit card lines are unconditionally cancellable by the issuer.

Commercial and other consumer loan commitments

        Commercial and other consumer loan commitments include overdraft and liquidity facilities, as well as commercial commitments to make or purchase loans, to purchase third-party receivables, to provide note issuance or revolving underwriting facilities and to invest in the form of equity. Amounts include $69 billion and $65 billion with an original maturity of less than one year at June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively.

        In addition, included in this line item are highly leveraged financing commitments, which are agreements that provide funding to a borrower with higher levels of debt (measured by the ratio of debt capital to equity capital of the borrower) than is generally considered normal for other companies. This type of financing is commonly employed in corporate acquisitions, management buy-outs and similar transactions.

Other commitments and contingencies

        Other commitments and contingencies include all other transactions related to commitments and contingencies not reported on the lines above.

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22.    CONTINGENCIES

        The following information supplements and amends, as applicable, the disclosures in Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012. For purposes of this Note, Citigroup and its affiliates and subsidiaries, as well as their current and former officers, directors and employees, are sometimes collectively referred to as Citigroup and Related Parties.

        In accordance with ASC 450 (formerly SFAS 5), Citigroup establishes accruals for litigation and regulatory matters when Citigroup believes it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Once established, accruals are adjusted from time to time, as appropriate, in light of additional information. The amount of loss ultimately incurred in relation to matters for which an accrual has been established may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued for those matters.

        If Citigroup has not accrued for a matter because the matter does not meet the criteria for accrual (as set forth above), or Citigroup believes an exposure to loss exists in excess of the amount accrued for a particular matter, in each case assuming a material loss is reasonably possible, Citigroup discloses the matter. In addition, for such matters, Citigroup discloses an estimate of the aggregate reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amounts accrued for those matters as to which an estimate can be made. At June 30, 2012, Citigroup's estimate was materially unchanged from its estimate of approximately $4 billion at December 31, 2011, as more fully described in Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        As available information changes, the matters for which Citigroup is able to estimate, and the estimates themselves, will change. In addition, while many estimates presented in financial statements and other financial disclosure involve significant judgment and may be subject to significant uncertainty, estimates of the range of reasonably possible loss arising from litigation and regulatory proceedings are subject to particular uncertainties. For example, at the time of making an estimate, Citigroup may have only preliminary, incomplete or inaccurate information about the facts underlying the claim; its assumptions about the future rulings of the court or other tribunal on significant issues, or the behavior and incentives of adverse parties or regulators, may prove to be wrong; and the outcomes it is attempting to predict are often not amenable to the use of statistical or other quantitative analytical tools. In addition, from time to time an outcome may occur that Citigroup had not accounted for in its estimates because it had deemed such an outcome to be remote. For all these reasons, the amount of loss in excess of accruals ultimately incurred for the matters as to which an estimate has been made could be substantially higher or lower than the range of loss included in the estimate.

        Subject to the foregoing, it is the opinion of Citigroup's management, based on current knowledge and after taking into account its current legal accruals, that the eventual outcome of all matters described in this Note would not be likely to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition of Citigroup. Nonetheless, given the substantial or indeterminate amounts sought in certain of these matters, and the inherent unpredictability of such matters, an adverse outcome in certain of these matters could, from time to time, have a material adverse effect on Citigroup's consolidated results of operations or cash flows in particular quarterly or annual periods.

        For further information on ASC 450 and Citigroup's accounting and disclosure framework for litigation and regulatory matters, see Note 29 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup's 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Credit Crisis-Related Litigation and Other Matters

        Citigroup continues to cooperate fully in response to subpoenas and requests for information from the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Department of Justice and subdivisions thereof, bank regulators, and other federal and state government agencies and authorities in connection with formal and informal (and, in many instances, industry-wide) inquiries concerning Citigroup's mortgage-related conduct and business activities, and other matters related to the credit crisis.

Mortgage-Related Litigation and Other Matters

        Securities Actions:    On June 8, 2012, defendants filed an interlocutory appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from the district court's decision in INTERNATIONAL FUND MANAGEMENT S.A., ET AL. v. CITIGROUP INC., ET AL., holding that the tolling doctrine set forth in American Pipe & Construction Co. v. Utah, 414 U.S. 538 (1974), applies to the statute of repose in the Securities Act of 1933. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under docket numbers 09 Civ. 8755 (S.D.N.Y.) (Stein, J.) and 12-1903-cv (2d Cir.).

        ERISA Matters:    On June 22, 2012, plaintiffs-appellants filed a petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States Supreme Court seeking review of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit's decision affirming the district court's dismissal of plaintiffs' complaint in GRAY v. CITIGROUP INC. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under docket numbers 07 Civ. 9790 (S.D.N.Y.) (Stein, J.), 09-3804-cv (2d Cir.), and 11A1045 (S. Ct.).

        Mortgage-Backed Securities and CDO Investor Actions and Repurchase Claims:    On May 4, 2012, the district court in FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY v. UBS AMERICAS, INC., ET AL., a parallel case to FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY v. ALLY FINANCIAL INC., ET AL., FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY v. CITIGROUP INC., ET AL., and FEDERAL HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY v. JPMORGAN CHASE & CO., ET AL., denied defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiff's securities law claims and granted defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiff's negligent misrepresentation claims. On June 19, 2012, the district court granted defendants' motion to certify an interlocutory appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from the court's statutes of repose and limitations rulings. Additional information relating to these actions is publicly available in court filings under docket numbers 11 Civ. 5201, 6188, 6196 and 7010 (S.D.N.Y.) (Cote, J.) and 12-2547-cv (2d Cir.).

        On May 15, 2012, Woori Bank filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New

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York against Citigroup and Related Parties alleging actionable misstatements and omissions in connection with Woori Bank's $95 million investment in five CDOs. Additional information relating to this matter is publicly available in court filings under docket number 12 Civ. 3868 (S.D.N.Y.) (Swain, J.).

        On May 18, 2012, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation filed complaints in the United States District Courts for the Southern District of New York and the Central District of California against various defendants, including Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Citicorp Mortgage Securities Inc., and CitiMortgage Inc., in connection with purchases of RMBS by two failed banks for which the FDIC is acting as receiver. Additional information relating to these actions is publicly available in court filings under docket numbers 12 Civ. 4000 (S.D.N.Y.) (Swain, J.), 12 Civ. 4001 (S.D.N.Y.) (Koeltl, J.), and 12 Civ. 4354 (C.D. Cal.) (Pfaelzer, J.).

        On June 6, 2012, the court granted in part and denied in part defendants' motions to dismiss in WESTERN & SOUTHERN LIFE INS. CO., ET AL. v. RESIDENTIAL FUNDING CO., LLC, ET AL. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under docket number A1105042 (Ohio Ct. Com. Pl.) (Myers, J.).

        On June 26, 2012, the court overruled defendants' demurrer to plaintiff's amended complaint in FEDERAL HOME LOAN BANK OF CHICAGO v. BANC OF AMERICA SECURITIES, LLC, ET AL. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under docket number LC-09-1499 (Cal. Super. Ct.) (Mohr, J.).

ASTA/MAT and Falcon-Related Litigation and Other Matters

        State Attorney General Subpoenas:    On June 11, 2012, the New York Attorney General served a subpoena on a Citigroup affiliate seeking documents and information concerning MAT Finance Fund LLC, ASTA Finance Fund LLC, and Falcon Strategies LLC. On August 1, 2012, the Massachusetts Attorney General served a Civil Investigative Demand on a Citigroup affiliate seeking similar documents and information. Citigroup is cooperating fully with these inquiries.

        The parties in HOSIER v. CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC. have reached an agreement to settle the action, pursuant to which Citigroup has voluntarily dismissed its appeal in the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Additional information relating to this matter is publicly available in court filings under docket numbers 11 Civ. 971 (D. Colo.) (Arguello, J.) and 12-1018 and 12-1132 (10th Cir.).

Lehman Structured Notes Matters

        On May 21, 2012, the Belgian appellate court dismissed all criminal charges and civil claims against a Citigroup subsidiary (CBB). The Prosecutor and some civil claimants have appealed this decision to the Belgian Supreme Court.

Interbank Offered Rates-Related Litigation and Other Matters

        In connection with the investigations and inquiries regarding submissions made by panel banks to bodies that publish various interbank offered rates, certain Citigroup subsidiaries have received additional requests for information and documents from various U.S. and non-U.S. governmental agencies, including the offices of the New York and Connecticut Attorneys General.

        A number of additional putative class actions were filed in the Southern District of New York against banks that served on certain interbank offered rates panels and certain of those banks' affiliates, including Citigroup affiliates. Additional information relating to these actions is publicly available in court filings under docket numbers 1:12-cv-3419 (S.D.N.Y.) (Daniels, J.), 12-cv-4205 (S.D.N.Y.) (Buchwald, J.), 1:12-cv-5280 (S.D.N.Y.) (Kaplan, J.), 12-cv-5723 (S.D.N.Y.) (Buchwald, J.), and 12-cv-5822 (S.D.N.Y.) (Buchwald, J.).

KIKOs

        As of June 30, 2012, there were 84 civil lawsuits filed by small and medium-size export businesses (SMEs) against a Citigroup subsidiary (CKI). To date, 80 decisions have been rendered at the district court level, and CKI has prevailed in 64 of those decisions. In the other 16 decisions, plaintiffs were awarded only a portion of the damages sought. The damage awards total in the aggregate approximately $19.5 million. CKI is appealing the 16 adverse decisions. A significant number of plaintiffs that had decisions rendered against them have also filed appeals, including plaintiffs that were awarded less than all of the damages they sought. In the two plaintiffs' appeals that have been decided, the decisions were in CKI's favor.

        The July 2011 decision of prosecutors not to proceed with indictments against CKI has been affirmed on appeal.

Tribune Company Bankruptcy

        On July 13, 2012, following a confirmation hearing in June on the fourth amended plan of reorganization, the court issued an order overruling objections to the plan and stating that, subject to revisions consistent with the order, the plan would be confirmed. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under docket number 08-13141 (Bankr. D. Del.) (Carey, J.).

Interchange Litigation

        On July 13, 2012, all parties to the putative class actions, including Citigroup and Related Parties, entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) setting forth the material terms of a class settlement. The settlement described in the MOU is subject to a number of conditions, including agreement on definitive documentation of the settlement, any necessary approvals by the boards of directors of the parties, defendants' entry into settlement agreements with certain merchants that have filed separate individual actions against the Visa and MasterCard networks, and preliminary and final approval by the court. The class settlement contemplated by the MOU provides for, among other things, a total payment by all defendants to the class of $6.05 billion; a rebate to merchants participating in the class settlement of 10 basis points on interchange collected for a period of eight months by the Visa and MasterCard networks; changes to certain network rules that would permit merchants to surcharge some payment card transactions subject to certain limitations and conditions, including disclosure to consumers at the point of sale; and broad releases in favor of the defendants. The Boards of Directors of Citigroup and Citibank have approved the settlement. The court has ordered the parties to file definitive documentation of the settlement with the court for preliminary approval no later than October 19, 2012.

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Parmalat Litigation and Related Matters

        On June 8, 2012, plaintiff's petition to the New Jersey Supreme Court seeking review of the appellate court ruling affirming the trial court judgment in favor of Citigroup was denied. Additional information relating to this action is publicly available in court filings under docket number A-2654-08T2 (N.J. Sup. Ct.).

        Companhia Industrial de Instrumentos de Precisão Litigation In June 2012, the Supreme Court of Brazil declined to review the constitutional claims of Companhia Industrial de Instrumentos de Precisão (CIIP). CIIP has sought reconsideration of this decision.

Settlement Payments

        Payments required in settlement agreements described above have been made or are covered by existing litigation accruals.

*            *            *

        Additional matters asserting claims similar to those described above may be filed in the future.

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23.    CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SCHEDULES

        These condensed Consolidating Financial Statements schedules are presented for purposes of additional analysis, but should be considered in relation to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Citigroup taken as a whole.

Citigroup Parent Company

        The holding company, Citigroup Inc.

Citigroup Global Markets Holdings Inc. (CGMHI)

        Citigroup guarantees various debt obligations of CGMHI as well as all of the outstanding debt obligations under CGMHI's publicly issued debt.

Citigroup Funding Inc. (CFI)

        CFI is a first-tier subsidiary of Citigroup, which issues commercial paper, medium-term notes and structured equity-linked and credit-linked notes, all of which are guaranteed by Citigroup.

CitiFinancial Credit Company (CCC)

        An indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup. CCC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Associates. Citigroup has issued a full and unconditional guarantee of the outstanding indebtedness of CCC.

Associates First Capital Corporation (Associates)

        A wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup. Citigroup has issued a full and unconditional guarantee of the outstanding long-term debt securities and commercial paper of Associates. In addition, Citigroup guaranteed various debt obligations of Citigroup Finance Canada Inc. (CFCI), a wholly owned subsidiary of Associates. CFCI continues to issue debt in the Canadian market supported by a Citigroup guarantee. Associates is the immediate parent company of CCC.

Other Citigroup Subsidiaries

        Includes all other subsidiaries of Citigroup, intercompany eliminations and income (loss) from discontinued operations.

Consolidating Adjustments

        Includes Citigroup parent company elimination of distributed and undistributed income of subsidiaries, investment in subsidiaries and the elimination of CCC, which is included in the Associates column.

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows

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24.    SUBSEQUENT EVENT

MSSB JV

        Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement, dated May 31, 2009 (JV Agreement), of the MSSB JV, Morgan Stanley has the right to exercise options over time to purchase Citi's 49% interest in the MSSB JV. Generally, Morgan Stanley may exercise its options to purchase the remaining 49% interest of the MSSB JV from Citi in the following amounts and at the following times: (i) following the third anniversary of the closing of the MSSB JV (May 31, 2012), 14% of the total outstanding interest; (ii) following the fourth anniversary of the closing of the MSSB JV (May 31, 2013), an additional 15% of the remaining outstanding interest; and (iii) (May 31, 2014) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the MSSB JV, the remaining outstanding interest in the MSSB JV.

        On June 1, 2012, Morgan Stanley exercised its initial option for the purchase from Citi of an additional 14% interest in the MSSB JV (14% Interest). As previously disclosed and as provided pursuant to the terms of the JV Agreement, the purchase price for the 14% Interest is to be determined pursuant to an appraisal process which included the exchange between Morgan Stanley and Citi of each respective firm's fair market valuation (as defined under the provisions of the JV Agreement) of the full MSSB JV, and if the two firms' valuations differ by more than 10%, a third party appraisal process.

        As announced on July 19, 2012, Citi and Morgan Stanley exchanged their respective fair market valuations for the full MSSB JV on July 16, 2012, as required pursuant to the JV Agreement. (For additional information, see Citi's Form 8-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on July 19, 2012.) Citi's fair market valuation of the full MSSB JV reflected a value for Citi's 49% interest in the MSSB JV that slightly exceeded Citi's carrying value of approximately $11 billion for that 49% interest as of June 30, 2012 (for additional information on Citi's carrying value of its equity investment in the MSSB JV as of June 30, 2012, see Note 11 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Morgan Stanley's valuation for the full MSSB JV reflected a value that was approximately 40% of Citi's fair market valuation for the full MSSB JV.

        Because the two firms were more than 10% apart, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV, and thus the purchase price for the 14% Interest, will be determined by a third party appraiser. Pursuant to the terms of the JV Agreement, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be determined as follows: (i) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the middle third of the range established by Citi and Morgan Stanley's valuations, the fair market valuation determined by the third party appraiser will be the valuation of the full MSSB JV; (ii) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the top third of the range, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be the average of the third party appraiser's value and Citi's valuation; and (iii) if the fair market value as determined by the third party appraiser is in the bottom third of the range, the fair market value of the full MSSB JV will be the average of the third party appraiser's value and Morgan Stanley's valuation. The third party appraisal process is to be concluded by August 30, 2012, with the closing of the sale of the 14% Interest to occur by September 7, 2012.

        Given the wide disparity between the two firms' valuations, as previously disclosed, depending on the ultimate fair market value determined by the third party appraisal, Citi could have a significant non-cash charge to its net income in the third quarter of 2012, representing other-than-temporary impairment of the carrying value of its 49% interest in the MSSB JV.

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

        For a discussion of Citigroup's litigation and related matters, see Note 22 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

        None.

Share Repurchases

        Under its long-standing repurchase program, Citigroup may buy back common shares in the market or otherwise from time to time. This program is used for many purposes, including offsetting dilution from stock-based compensation programs. The following table summarizes Citigroup's share repurchases during the first six months of 2012:

        For so long as the U.S. government continues to hold any Citigroup trust preferred securities acquired pursuant to the exchange offers consummated in 2009, Citigroup is, subject to certain exemptions, generally restricted from redeeming or repurchasing any of its equity or trust preferred securities, or paying regular cash dividends in excess of $0.01 per share of common stock per quarter, which restriction may be waived.

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Item 6.    Exhibits

        See Exhibit Index.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 3rd day of August, 2012.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

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CITIGROUP INC SECOND QUARTER 2012—FORM 10-Q
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CORPORATE LOAN DETAILS

INTEREST REVENUE/EXPENSE AND YIELDS
AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—ASSETS(1)(2)(3)(4)

AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—LIABILITIES AND EQUITY, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)(4)

AVERAGE BALANCES AND INTEREST RATES—ASSETS(1)(2)(3)(4)

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)
ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST EXPENSE AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN INTEREST REVENUE, INTEREST EXPENSE, AND NET INTEREST REVENUE(1)(2)(3)

FAIR VALUE ADJUSTMENTS FOR DERIVATIVES AND STRUCTURED DEBT
CREDIT DERIVATIVES

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES

Item 6. Exhibits

SIGNATURES
EXHIBIT INDEX